One of the biggest mistakes still made in forestry is to grow trees too big for too long. Economic maturity of Northern Hardwoods is closer to 20 inches rather than 24 and it is a mistake to wait until a tree starts to fall apart before it is marked. Residual basal areas of 75 to 80 are better for encouraging size class recruitment while retaining quality. Trends towards clearcutting hardwoods are misguided and only applicable with no potential for trees to grow into a higher value class e.g. pulp to sawlogs. It is better to leave poor quality trees in lower diameter classes than to reduce residual basal areas below 75.

I understand an over story removal cut is happening inside the brush wall area. Will you be posting an updated video as to what the condition of the regeneration after the harvest??

Thank you, very informative

Educating the public and the younger generation who are new to understanding the impact of deforestation and the importance of forest regeneration and the importance of our bio diversity, it's roll in climate regulation, how climate changes happen when forests, rain forests and the oceans are not balanced in working together and the roll of co2 absorption and how the gases make oxygen. What are the impacts from deforestation for infrastructure & timber. And most importantly why is it imperitive to take care of our forests and our bio diversity? (ie. their roll in Climate Regulation)?

People are so dramatic about them yet break their arms to pat themselves on the back planting invasive trees and bushes that they thrive on lol. Make it make sense. Anyways, in my opinion they’re not so bad. Especially if they’re not harming anything, just more of a nuisance to plants. A new food source for our species of wildlife, much like the marmorated stink bug has now become. Seeing as how they’re not likely going anywhere, may as well embrace it. Just had preying mantis egg clutch hatch earlier this morning, no doubt if any show up here they’ll get what they can. Thanks for another great video.

we have two big hemlocks one is obviously infected. The other tree not far from the infected one is not showing signs yet. The trees are located very close our well. Not sure how to save the trees. Any ideas? We are in Tenn

Illegal immigrants

Would certainly appreciate a webinar on ticks and prevention strategies. I know Doug Tallamy has one out here on KZbin somewhere also. Thanks for the great work you do!

Interesting video. Especially the 8 deer per square mile. I'm working on woodland management/ecology in southern UK and I wish we only had 8 deer per square mile. That's another story. At 10:23 you say that Cornell are interested in carbon sequestration (by forests) I paraphrase. But trees don't sequester carbon, only store it. The proportion of forest carbon that enters sequestration via geological processes is vanishingly small. Are they sure? Maybe watch this and read the blurb for an explanation: kzbin.info/www/bejne/kJLHdmOFjNynjbs

Poison

Audio quality is rough, hard to understand

Great video. Is there anything property owners can do at the individual level to help mitigate this if we're starting to notice pine death nearby?

Shouldn't be using herbicide at all, period.

Great research work. The mention of brush walls sparked my interest because I have been using my hedgerows to keep sheep (300) within a desired paddock. Last fall, after leaf drop, they discovered there was not a coyote on the other side so my system for giving them one paddock at a time fell apart. My question: Any numbers on dimensions for brush walls? I have lots of slash material within hedgerows. Thank You. Jean-Marc Leclerc

What is your educated guess as to how detrimental deer impact regeneration of hardwoods in a more typical area of patch work farm fields, pastures and forests?

Chaos over extended time is the marker for old growth. Management, even to restore old characteristics, is not chaos. Chaos allows the full spectrum of opportunistic behavior of all species.

Very interesting. I'm watching this from the UK - a very different context with predominantly small, scattered woodlands isolated by farmed or developed landscapes. The overwhelmingly most common woodland management strategy up until a couple of centuries ago was coppice or coppice with standards and has been practiced since Roman times or before. Clear-fell and replanting is more common in conifer forestry (only 1 of the many 'forestry' conifer spp. is native) and is a relatively recent innovation. There are hardwood stands run on clear fell and replant but they are rare, especially if your measure is numbers of individual woodlands. Vast majority of individual woodlands are small, and a significant number of those are 'ancient'. 'Ancient' in our context means woodland cover (no ploughing or grubbing) since 1600 AD or before. Deer over here are a huge and growing problem for coppice, for plantings and for natural seedling regen. Restocking by natural regeneration alone is very rare. I work on coppice. This vid shows dead hedges - kind of smaller brash (slash) walls. Big mechanisation is not appropriate (or economically viable) in small coppiced or ancient woodlands. My harvest would be 'worthless' in your context. kzbin.info/www/bejne/gp-7m6WnpZira7s These dead hedges are 6-8' tall and 3-4' wide at the base with density concentrated at or near the base. They are hand built but directional and rope-assisted fell drops most of the tops directly on or very close to the hedge line. This cuts build time and effort but is pretty skilled. This vid shows deer browse damage on coppice. At these observed levels there is no effective natural regen from seedlings: kzbin.info/www/bejne/iqvGkpWhg9OWmpo This vid explains how the dead hedges are built kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJWwhWaaptCreZI and shows the result of about 5 hours of work for the 2 lengths including fell and section of the firewood and transport to the cord for seasoning. Different context! Dead hedges become 'deer porous' after about 5 years - they are built with light material. There are consequences to this and the second vids shows some of them. In my locality (Dorset) we have roe (native) and sika deer plus (probably) muntjac. I'd love to have to deal with only 8 deer per square mile. Here you can add a zero and then a multiplier to get an idea of population. And then another multiplier to account for the habit of deer of using the scattered woodlands as cover during hours of daylight, which magnifies browsing effects within the woodlands. This vid shows another 'method' of assessing deer pop density locally: driving about in a car in the morning. kzbin.info/www/bejne/j4DYiqJ7l5eogJI This covers about 3 miles and a short walk. Hope this was interesting to somebody.

Pine needles don't change soil pH. Pine needles when green will have a low acidic pH but when they fall they are closer to neutral, they also accumulate on the soil surface and act as a mulch. Roots of tree can have a pH around their roots that is less or more then 2 units higher pH then the soil. The whole Pines make the soil acidic is a myth and the reason nothing grows under them is probably because they are shallow rooted and use up alot of water so it's dry shade under them.

Interesting. Very nice to hear your expert advocate exclusion of deer (rather than management of population size by hunting) to ensure natural tree regeneration from seed. I'm in the UK working on coppice and this is what I do: kzbin.info/www/bejne/gp-7m6WnpZira7s Of course I'm cutting hazel in the expectation that it will re-grow to be re-cut every 7 years or so with a superimposed, much longer cycle of oak 'standards'. Repeated re-cutting of the hazel over centuries causes the hazel stools to expand and 'clone', but recruitment from seed in gaps is welcome. Seed recruitment for the oaks (Q robur) is essential to provide eventual replacements for the standards when felled in maturity. We have thousands of deer (roe and the recently introduced sika the latter population is huge and expanding) so that in many woods in Dorset there is a hard browse line, negligible seedling regeneration and drastic effects on ground flora. There are even drastic effects on pasture and arable crops. Slash walls are an interesting concept. Like our dead hedges (brash hedges) but on steroids and only possible due to large scale mechanisation. But perhaps the economic model for timber production in the US is skewed and smaller size classes of trees should ideally be usable and taken as part of the 'harvest'?

Wonderful presentation. Here in southwest Ohio we have very little old growth forest, some decent mature woods, and tons of secondary growth (as the formerly cleared land grows back from the utter destruction of the late 19th century). We are absolutely overrun with invasive species; Amur honeysuckle, wintercreeper, English ivy, garlic mustard, Japanese honeysuckle, lesser celandine, Ailanthus, Japanese stilt grass, some spots of buckthorn and barberry, and now the recently arrived Japanese chaff flower. I could add at least a dozen or more species to this list. I work in habitat restoration for our city park system and the problems we face are immense.

Very helpfull! Would Round-up herbicide be safe to use in our hass avocado plantation? is completely taken over by ferns. The trees are just 1 year old

Well done! ❤🎉👏

What is your email address please

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This is 8 years old at this point but a great presentation, thank you!

very useful. thank you for the video.

Are USA 🇺🇸 and Canada 🇨🇦 Forest Management methods very similar ?

Maybe everyone can use glycogen to kill more peoples off with cancers and starvation including graders and predators. He must work for Mr.Bill Gates to He'll.

Kill all birds and bees too.restore Mormon crickets and locusts plan so they hatch every year .spraying pesticides on all the water drainage to kill all insects that hatch in waters like giant dragon flyer other flyers and mosquitoes could kill the fish to so you got.nothing to eat.

Also kills grasslands grasses and weeds to kelp all the deer and elk and predators for good and cattle to.putting Mormon crickets and locusts eggs in the ground and releasing millions in the mountains and grasslands gets rid of predictors and deer and elk and rabbits and owls and cattle and could wipe out crops and people would have to leave who aren't Elitists Agenda to take over and kill the plans and trees and.fish and mosquitoes and bees.That's insane Mr.They are puffed up with pride and money grubbing greedy narcissistic psychopathic insane lowllifes full of Hubris and glee over the EVIL they are doing on purpose knowing fully how EVIL they are doing. Everybody hates wildlife. You don't have the right to landscape the world you must be bruised in the head. People like HIM need to be locked up.

That is something that has not been investigated because they did not need too according international safety rules .😮

It is hiding the facts …. glyphosate is reacting to the brain … ! Most of the farmers know by now.

Thank you this was such an excellent video, and so helpful!

Excellent presentation!

We would like to get the guide.

I’ve killed 27 acres of beech.

Awesome presentation. Anyone interested in getting further into how pollinators are affected then check out Doug Tallamy as was mentioned. Really an excellent resource and fun to read/listen to him or his content. I’ve many northern red oak and white oak I’m planting daily. Hoping to do my part in restoring the forests in our own backyards, also hoping that others will as well. It’s as simple as getting acorns and planting them in a pot then transplanting to a bigger pot and eventually to the ground. Or straight to ground at acorn and just trim around gently and deer cage it then do your best to protect it. If you need to store them then sand in a plastic bag with water is a good substrate I’ve put them in and into the fridge. They’ll actually break open on their own in the bag or some will. We absolutely cannot rely on politicians or governments to do anything for us, it must be done on our own and can be achieved by restoring our backyards. Anyhow, thank you again for this insightful information.

I find this extremely interesting. Our site is 20 acres of woodland in SW MI within the Allegan State Game Lands (formerly State Forest). I know from historic aerial photographs that the site had been clear cut prior to 1930, and abandoned. I speculate that there was an attempt to drain the land that failed. There are still remaining channels running to an abandoned county drain. In less than 100 years, this site has restored itself to something that I think qualifies as "old forest" as you are defining it.

Flame weeding follow up? Since it's 9 years old did it not work or did the risk exceed the results?

The pathogen virus is the earwig tail which was on the face on the chin which is a Christmas tree, but it's covered now as the tree is also a spinning dervishes skirt and not a doll frock anymore. Phew! Is this what they're fighting over in the T shop? Lol

Conifer university ?

Plant blindness or mammal bias

Great presentation gents. Thanks.

Cool! Advanced stuff. Not long before my bur oaks are loaded with catkins!

This is amazing awesome to me. Only watched over half so far, and it's just awesome, very effective to learn from with such numerous fine examples of all discussed. My dog is asleep next to me having enjoyed the conversation on bark. Now Im learning internal things about leaf's I didn't fully understand. Great illustrations and presentation, thorough and paced for understanding and learning. Thank you.

Great information! Thank you

This is the most understandable and well reasoned presentation on forest carbon that we've seen. This should be the model for presenting information on this critical topic to the public, policy makers, consumers of products, builders and designers, primary and secondary forest industry, foresters, and silviculturalists. Well done. John Rajala.

The mechanized harvesting equipment makes this all possible. On a small scale I observed this working on my friend's woodlot. The songbirds love the brush piles.

I love this presentation...very educative! Thank you, Dr. Burton.

If people collect predators in an area where there is a new outbreak, those predators will have different efficacy when applied to areas of older infections. We are talking generations of adaptation. Even asexually.