Man, standing ovation! 👏👏👏

@5:58 That graph was just magnificent! WOW

Thank you for the video. Swap the DC source for an AC source and then you get standing waves with accelerating charges - a transmitting antenna. Then an open wire can act like a pure capacitor of the length of the wire is 1/4 if the wavelength of the source frequency etc. Fairly standard transmission line theory in Electronic Engineering courses.

Why is the measured voltage of the transmission line always half of the supplied voltage during the transient time (before the circuit finally stabilizes)?

Thank you! I am 53, have been interested in antennas and electronics my whole life, and never really understood cable impedance properly until now. One of the best explainer videos ive ever seen!

Bro never even said capacitive coupling once

This is just freakin' amazing. I really, truly want to thank you for all this work. What a great service to those interested in learning about impedance.

I didn't have the epiphany. Maybe watching it another 37 times will fix the problem.

Excellent Lab Work. I kept waiting for the introduction of why the transmission line impedance is what it is...SQRT(L/C)

I have waited all my life to intuitively understand this! Thank you, thank you.

z is ac not dc

Very nice and very educative. It would be very nice to see the difference between an 50 Ohm and 75 Ohm cable. Both are used in audiovisuals (RF vs. video) but I often see them get mixed up.

Excellent work. This is one of the best videos I've ever seen. I admire the ingenuity and patience needed to setup this experiment.

🤔

kzbin.info/www/bejne/f2rQY6pqecyYjM0

Great vids. I use a similar water analogy when explaining how electricity obeys ohms law to my classes of apprentices. I compare the resistors to spring hinged vertical gates in the water channel. The higher the resistance is, the stronger the spring hinge is, which opposes the gate opening. Dependent on the available water pressure (voltage) this determines the amount of water (current) that flows in the circuit.

Wow! Thanks for this intuitive demonstration. I have been dealing with those 50 ohm coaxial cable since 1990. I knew how important the terminator is for the ethernet system but never figured out why 50 ohm. Now I know that 50 ohm terminator minimizes the signals bouncing back.

Oh man finally this is an intuitive&accurate explanation to what is impedance. The clumped bit explains what is the mysterious “reflection”. So the water model is precise, if you only consider gravity. Gravity itself is the impedance in water model.(surface tension and maybe all other fundamental fields contributes a bit but not too important?) Also the effect of EM field is just propagate too fast to become intuitive. Using an accurate water analogy is good for analysis. Also the slope of potential difference between two time points(how long?) is the value of impedance?

Amazing video with great explanation. Does this interaction affect the oscilloscope? Does it pose a problem above a certain frequency?

That moment around 12:30 when I realized you're describing inductance 🤯

Thank you. This video provided answers I have been looking for for about 10 years. When I was young I was really passionate about music. That got me into physics and I eventually became an engineer (though not an electrical engineer). After watching your videos I feel like I have finally understood some of the questions that younger me had about speakers, amplifiers, and electric instruments. I have really enjoyed the work you have done on electricity here. The other content is great too. You are my favorite KZbinr and this is my first comment.

Initial wave looks just like a whip-cracking in slow-motion. “Crack that whip!” - Devo

یه روزی که وقتش بشه.......

یه روزی که وقتش بشه.......

A lot of bots and yup yuppies saying wow but don't add to or critique or ask questions mean y'all faf 😂

Good Parrot you regurgitatet all well from School theory. So... If you aren't a parrot but a raven instead, then charge a metal ring negatively and spin it. Will it create a Magnetic Feld? Because you said electrons are inseparable from electricfeld. And electrons create a magnetic Feld when they move, right. So... Make a magnet that doesn't need current but moving charges instead. For science! Don't be a parrot. Do it. Also if you disse charge the negatively charged spinning metal ring then you should get an very strong EMP from the sudden brake down of the magnetic Feld.

The 150 Ohm Are from the power supply until the answer comes back from the other end.

Fantastic videos! Thanks! One slight quibble: The answer to your multiple choice quiz is really “B”, not “C”. The battery does not “guess.” The battery (like any power source) will have a curve of Voltage as a function of load (Amps), which is a function of the battery chemistry. At no load (0 Amps) the battery voltage might be something like 9.4V. As load increases the Voltage will drop, until at maximum current - a dead short - the Voltage will be at some minimum level, maybe about 4.5V. We can look at the system on a micro level and solve Ohm’s Law at each point in the system and at each point in time - basically Finite Element Analysis. When the switch is first closed, the first bit of wire after the switch “sees” the battery’s no-load voltage at the switch and zero volts just after our little smidge of wire. Since the resistance in that tiny bit of wire is nearly zero the current (based on Ohm’s Law) will “want” to be nearly infinite, but it is limited by the battery chemistry, which does not respond instantaneously to a change in load. As current starts to flow through our first bit of wire the voltage at the end of our bit of wire will increase, which will start current flowing through the next bit of wire, and so on. As the current propagates through the wire the current will start to rise towards the battery’s max. (dead short) current, but two things happen: 1. Higher current causes the battery voltage to drop; and 2. As current flows through more wire there is more resistance, which limits the current (I = E/R). Effectively a “pulse” of higher voltage will be passed along the wire. Any discussion of "waves," “reflection,” and “damping” is just a mathematical description of what is happening, not an explanation of why it is happening. If you break the system into tiny pieces and think through what happens in each tiny section over time, using only Ohm’s Law and the boundary condition of the each element (and the limitations of the battery chemistry), you can see why the voltage rises and falls in each element until it reaches an equilibrium.

Your 17 minute explanation has made more sense than an entire semester of transmission lines! Amazing! My circuit has been completed😅

Capacitance, phase and reflectivity make SPACE or a Z axis in a magnetic universe. ;)

but why 150 male mod... I mean Ohms tho?

How would you calculate the impedance then? Do you treat the wire as a capacitor and based on that you somehow calculate it's "temporary resistance"? Also, did I understand correctly? To make the experiment, did you basically tap into a few points on each 23m long wire over and over until you had all the data samples? That must have been a hugely tedious undertaking. Anyway, thanks for these videos dude, I understand electricity much much better now.

Can you do one with the Magnetic Field thing they left out for us kids, I mean old pharts that did not 'git' "Imaginary Numbers". ;-) or something near there.

For a resonant antenna, I think you almost want the reverse of the tesla coil. Ideally energy goes in, but isn't reflected back down the cable. The energy from the cable should hit at roughly the low point of the antenna's like a swing.

THE upgrade on that machine would definitely be a "debit constant" pump... Now it's somehow an equivalent to an AC electric flow, and it would be much better with a DC equivalent. To do so you can use electrics component equivalent so a sort of "fluid capacitor" section for example that smooth the debit. For sure the result would be even more "hypnotic" 🤩

150 ohm is the source's impedance. it's not a resistor inside the power source, it's just a representation of the ratio between its voltage and current. now if you want to avoid waves, you need to provide a 150 ohm load. then we have impedance matching between the source and the load. the 50 ohm cable part is not explained. it can't be measured with an ohmmeter because it's not resistive impedance, it is defined by sqrt(L/C) and only makes sense in AC. i hope this great video will be one day followed up by another one covering complex impedance matching in AC, with smith charts and applications for antenna tuning.

Plse awer ean ararde

I’ve been a long term viewer of the channel, and just wanted to say I truly appreciate how intuitive your explanations are. You have helped me better understand impedance matching, and motivated me to continue learning about electricity. Thank you. 😊 Quick question (that may invoke more curiosity): How is the capacitance and/or magnitude of the initial electrical signal determined? Is it based on the nearness of wires to each other? How does this apply to radio antennas that do not have a termination or any wire running near to them? I’ve heard that monopole antennas have an impedance of 37.5 ohms, even in free space. How does this work? I would truly appreciate any insight or help. Thanks.

That is so cool! I never would have figured out a tesla coil works like that.

I find it fascinating that you were able to use a $100 (or so) oscilloscope to obtain measurements that you could then plot to show us the REAL ACTUAL waves in voltage traveling around a wire, when this understanding and notion of waves of voltage propagating around, the reflections thereof, transients and other difficult-to-grasp advanced concepts in electrical engineering, has been around for a long time, and gigahertz precision measurement equipment has existed for many decades (even if it was expensive earlier on) but nobody thought it was worth the time to figure out how to obtain and collect the data to teach students. You should receive a prestigious award from the IEEE as well as probably ACM for your contribution to pedagogy. Not joking in the slightest here.

AC to DC converters, how the hell do those get to a stable solution?

A very smooth and nice camera pan as well. Is it a dolly shot? Then that's a fair bit of engineering just in itself.

so good

Возможно что в атмосфере без кислорода результат был бы лучше

Is it documented somewhere in detail how the oscilloscope measurements are made? Do you basically move your leads (however many you have) across the tap locations and run the experiment again and find the peaks in each waveform and take the vector quantity on the plot (which represent voltage and time) and plot it? I'm trying to understand if you interpret the whole waveform when you record with the oscope or you only take the peaks from the initial pulse that it samples and use that to plot something else.

🤣Sacrificing the taste buds for science!!!

Perfect for my SlowTV playlist!

It’s too fast and pulsating. Smooth and slow.

_This is not chaotic at all._ This is obviously _Scar_ (from _The Lion King_ ) -- who has found out all too late he can fly -- delivering the world´s scariest Elephant Shrew to a two-headed, flying alien. _D´uh!_ This is regarding the thumbnail; as for the rest, I have a few pages of notes. By the way, isn´t _AlphaPhoenix2_ just another way of saying _BetaPhoenix_ ?

I love this. I have a fountain pen i use every day, And occasionally I have to soak the tip in hot water to loosen up any ink. And every time I end up sitting there mesmerized watching the ink slowly come out of the tip and move around inside the water. This is dream decor. I want to build one.