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@HiCenjoyer
@HiCenjoyer 3 күн бұрын
Rocky dennis headass
@siriouzgull
@siriouzgull 9 күн бұрын
You take the model waay too literal, when even the author says that its a reference point where details vary interpersonally as Well as intrapersonally. Ironically, you have fallen into the same trap that you accuse the author of, as you yourself have only made this video for views and income. If you actually read the papers revolving the pyramid of needs, you’d know that the point of the model is to show that a sense of overall comfort is required in order to reach a point where you evolve
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 9 күн бұрын
Which author? When the pyramid is not a product of a single person...may i refer you to source #1
@siriouzgull
@siriouzgull 9 күн бұрын
@@PaperbagEve Once again you tend to focus on the details to find "mistakes" instead of focusing on the bigger picture. When I say "the author" I'm referring to all the researchers who have published peer-reviewed papers on the subject of the model. and since Maslow’s theory on positive behavior has been validated through the analysis of more than sixty thousand individuals that support the claim that motivation is driven by universal needs (Ryan & Deci, 2000; Ryff & Keyes, 1995; Tay & Diener, 2011), regardless of cultural difference and age, and that the fulfilment of these needs enhances one’s subjective well-being, one would be stupid not to use the pyramid as a reference point. Just like ANY other model out there, you can always scout for potential misunderstandings if that's what you want. However, the point with conceptual frameworks regarding mental health is not to be 100% correct, as that's impossible, but to trigger thoughts and serve as inspiration for individuals to grow from.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 9 күн бұрын
Idk that i ever disputed in the video that human needs exist :), even though the theory is untestable, and you'd be hard pressed to find a satisfactory definition of a need there (both statements from Wahba, Bridwell 1976, p.234)
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 9 күн бұрын
Re: the pyramid serving as an inspiration for idea generation, sure, that is acknowledged.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 9 күн бұрын
The 60 thousand people tested sounds cool to pull up, however Tay, Diener 2011 only tested whether fulfillment of needs is associated with feelings of subjective well being.
@faaf42
@faaf42 9 күн бұрын
The pyramid is not fake. It's just plain wrong. There is no "real pyramid" and this would be the fake version of it... or is there?
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 9 күн бұрын
Didn't think of the word "fake" as having a necessary opposite, but you're right, there is no real pyramid
@awjoyjess
@awjoyjess 9 күн бұрын
at first i was like 'wtf' but thn i realized wht u were saying and now tht i think abt it, it makes sense... human needs r a thing, and ppl shld have access to basic needs, and just cuz thts a thing, dosnt mean tht it needs to b represented as another ladder or tht ppl cant aid others just cuz they arnt 'on the right rung'. framing it like a pyramid ladder does seem to benefit the companies more, cuz 'how can they pay me a living wage whn the ceos arnt at the top of Their ladder yet' blsht
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 9 күн бұрын
Source #8 (quality of life theory, derived from maslow- i studied through it but ultimately didnt include much of it in the video) talks about how this pyramid is used as a lens to look at "less" and "more" developed societes (less developed are generally preoccupied with the basic needs and that makes them somehow less developed....👁👄👁) so, simply put, according to this theory, people in poor countries do not do self actualization :) (jfc) ... all of it, just, so bad.
@zmeczonyprogramista
@zmeczonyprogramista 10 күн бұрын
It's silly how the times change, technology moves on, and we still tend to apply outdated models and systems to everything around us. Like the education system that's been outdated for the past 100 years.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 10 күн бұрын
Exactly!
@JayD01234
@JayD01234 10 күн бұрын
Good video. Just slow down a bit
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 10 күн бұрын
Thanks! And yeah, i know... I'm constantly looking for the right balance there, problem is that the algorithm very much values when average viewed portion of the video exceeds 50%. When many people click away, the algorithm lets the video die. But i am aware this is made to be almost like ... a 7 minute tiktok, and ultimately i would love to slow down. Good to be reminded this could be too much for some people already.
@JayD01234
@JayD01234 10 күн бұрын
@@PaperbagEve just take a pause after each paragraph. Really good content. Let a thought sink in. Don't worry about shorts and the algorithm. Well presented content will rank much better. There are those of us who can actually focus for long enough in spite of what the world tries to push.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 10 күн бұрын
I mean, you're right, i tend to edit to the point of "not a single empty frame", which is probably too much. Speed and preserving semi-natural cadence aren't necessarily opposites.
@davidvincent1750
@davidvincent1750 10 күн бұрын
doing the test and giving your oiwn answers explained sounds like ''here is the right answer''
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 10 күн бұрын
That definitely was not the intention of doing the test, i just did what i know many people also did to "show" their inner "philosophy". There can be justifications found for most responses, i think, so your answers depend on what you already gravitate towards.
@davidvincent1750
@davidvincent1750 10 күн бұрын
oh wow I checked the playback speed ''normal'' ... i had to plau this in 0.75 spped to understand you ...
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 10 күн бұрын
It is indeed uploaded sped up, it was quite the depresso time in my life and i felt like if i uploaded it the way i naturally sound, people would fall asleep after a few minutes. Also iirc my computer back then couldn't seem to be able to render longer videos.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 10 күн бұрын
just checked the audio and holy s.it you're right, lol 😂
@jaysmith6255
@jaysmith6255 10 күн бұрын
I don't think I have ever fallen for this pyramid scheme or any other in my 65 years. I can tell you where the term tin foil hat came from. In the 70s a man in Olympia Wa. was dubbed the tin man that walked around town covered in foil and collecting glass milk bottles....................He may be mentioned in The Daily Olympian......My brother worked for him -not in foil- and told me why the Tin Man did what he did.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 10 күн бұрын
Ooo pretty cool, gotta go read about him.
@Janhatfun
@Janhatfun 10 күн бұрын
I just stumbled upon this video after learing the pyramid in universtiy last week. The idea of needs being the same for each person sort of icked me. Well, needless to say this video gave me great satisfaction! Greetings from germany
@jonathanmitchell9886
@jonathanmitchell9886 11 күн бұрын
Sadly, when Americans see simple charts and graphs with dayglo colors, they *do* think they're looking at "science." We were brought up with such nonsense, from kindergarten all through high school, and even thereafter on the front page of USA Today. We're such easy marks.
@uumlau
@uumlau 12 күн бұрын
You had me at "untestable". ;)
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 12 күн бұрын
Sources: 1. www.researchgate.net/publication/324535823_Who_Built_Maslow's_Pyramid_A_History_of_the_Creation_of_Management_Studies'_Most_Famous_Symbol_and_Its_Implications_for_Management_Education 2. www.researchgate.net/publication/368327434_Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs_Is_still_Relevant_in_the_21st_Century 3. www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/4/3/38 4. www.researchgate.net/publication/356087051_CHAPTER_EVALUATION_OF_MASLOW%27S_HIERARCHY_OF_NEEDS_THEORY_WITHIN_THE_CONTEXT_OF_COVID-19_PANDEMIC_ISBN_978-625-7679-33-6_Book_Title_Understanding_The_Consumer_Behaviour_During_COVID-19_Pandemic_Editor_ 5. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0030507376900386?via%3Dihub 6. www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jaas1986/17/3/17_3_133/_pdf 7. www.researchgate.net/publication/325101092_PROBLEMS_OF_EMPLOYEE_COMMITMENT_FROM_THE_PERSPECTIVE_OF_MASLOW%27S_HIERARCHY_OF_NEEDS 8. www.researchgate.net/publication/227692240_A_Quality-of-Life_Theory_Derived_from_Maslow%27s_Developmental_Perspective 9. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1100/tsw.2003.84 10. www.researchgate.net/publication/18078263_Maslow_and_the_Possibility_of_Becoming_Healthy 11. psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-18889-003 12. www.researchgate.net/publication/362053318_Reconsidering_Maslow_and_the_hierarchy_of_needs_from_a_First_Nations'_perspective
@komicsreviewer8505
@komicsreviewer8505 19 күн бұрын
Women aren't funny. They can only make jokes about 2 things.
@nickkoch6740
@nickkoch6740 20 күн бұрын
Great editing! Hope your channel gets the attention it deserves.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 20 күн бұрын
🥹 thank you! With the topics i got lined up, certainly hope so
@Dave_Parrott
@Dave_Parrott 22 күн бұрын
Was going to leave a funny comment until your last thought about algorithms. Facebook tried this experiment on something like half a million people against their will like a decade ago. They actually had the gall to publish the results. They successfully gave some people depression and others they cheered up. I'm sure nobody is using this data for evil :)
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 22 күн бұрын
Didnt know that! I have to look it up
@eichhornchenwibbleflup7688
@eichhornchenwibbleflup7688 23 күн бұрын
Goodness... I feel old. This was definitely yesterday. Then again... I recently read The Epic of Gilgamesh (totally worth reading). I currently feel that the Greeks inventing theatre was quite a recent occurrence.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 22 күн бұрын
It is great. I read it ages ago, last time when the newest chapter dropped. But i probably should again, one can never have too much of a good thing. And yeah the 00s of Something Awful was a time to behold (even though I haven't caught the very beginning myself). This can't be nostalgia, things genuinely got so much worse 😀
@fredrikbergquist5734
@fredrikbergquist5734 23 күн бұрын
HAL9000 started my software carriere! We learned to not connect an AI to the nuke button, or did we? 😬
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve 23 күн бұрын
maybe we need to learn from our future mistakes? :)
@eichhornchenwibbleflup7688
@eichhornchenwibbleflup7688 26 күн бұрын
Everyone who advocates for war should first read 'Im Westen nichts neues' (All Quiet on the Western Front). I don't blame any individual for not wanting to take part in such a nightmare. But... what do you do if you are attacked? What do you do if your children are in danger? Your defend them in the most effective way possible - and usually a centrally-coordinated army structure will be more effective. Why would this task fall more to men than women? Historical inertia probably. Men are on average bigger and stronger. When fighting with swords and shields, this would make a HUGE difference.
@aldunlop4622
@aldunlop4622 27 күн бұрын
God, it must be tiring to be a hard-core feminist, finding offence every day, being angry all the time. They need to chill out. I don't have any desire to "dominate" women, that's nonsense. As far as these feminists go, I don't want to be anywhere near them. I like women, and I get along with most. I don't need some miserable feminist to tell me how I think.
@mrpopsful
@mrpopsful Ай бұрын
40 years ago it was called "Softcore Prom" today it is called "Casual Fridays"
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
😅 o no
@obnarujen_eskobar
@obnarujen_eskobar Ай бұрын
The word 'incel' is used as projection. I doubt people with a healthy relationship can call someone an incel.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
Sounds about right, why hate if one has love in their life.
@CarlFredrik-uo1cu
@CarlFredrik-uo1cu Ай бұрын
If incel means: Someone who hates women, think he is owed sex, spends time on shady internet forums, has far-right views, think women belongs in the kitchen etc. then I'm not an incel. If incel means: Someone who is a virgin, and does not succeed when it comes to dating, sex etc. and has low self-esteem then I am definitely an incel.
@monkibro
@monkibro Ай бұрын
I feel like this is one of those videos that's going to blow up randomly 3 years from now. Just a hunch.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
Lol Going to hope it's earlier, since I plan to post regularly! But thank you!
@monkibro
@monkibro Ай бұрын
@@PaperbagEve Oh, of course! Hopefully so! This just seems like the type of topic that's ahead of the curve, that's all I'm implying. That, and you just never know with the KZbin algorithm! 🤣😅
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
I'm honored you think so.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
And yeah it's been a suff...I mean struggle 😀 but the people that so far decided to stick around make it worth it
@Mamboking71
@Mamboking71 Ай бұрын
An incel is a shaming tactic used by mostly women to attack men who don’t pander or simp for women
@PizzaPuncher2
@PizzaPuncher2 Ай бұрын
Facts, in modern society incel means, any man who doesn't worship women. Also, if you have any criticism towards women at all, even if it's valid, you hate women.
@Mamboking71
@Mamboking71 Ай бұрын
@@PizzaPuncher2 most guys that don’t date or are in relationships,go to prostitutes and that’s if you’re really horny for a woman
@Mamboking71
@Mamboking71 Ай бұрын
My goal and sole purpose as an adult man over 50 is my health ,peace of mind and being self sufficient,I avoid women I don’t even wants as friends or acquaintances
@Mamboking71
@Mamboking71 Ай бұрын
There’s a section of men who just don’t want to deal with women anymore,women COST that means my time ,energy and money which I should invest in myself,I can go to a prostitute,eat out and pay sound to clean my apartment which I do it myself
@GreyOatmeal
@GreyOatmeal Ай бұрын
When you said it sounded roman I smirked, funny vid
@Onnarashi
@Onnarashi Ай бұрын
As a man I know that I am disposable. I've noticed women will instinctively use me and other men as shields when there's real or perceived danger. For example, I recall walking in a park with another man and two women, and suddenly some bats come flying towards us. Me and the other man stand still while the two women go behind us and use us as shields. Were the bats any serious danger to us? No. It was more the perceived danger of the moment, and the women's instinctive reaction to it. Despite the man vs bear discourse, where women told us they saw the bear as safer than us, women will run to men for help if they are in danger, like with a bear, and expect the man to do something. As men we are aware of our role as the shield of society. It's us men who have to check on any strange noises in the house at night, and leave the women and child(ren) to be safe. It's also us men who will always be sent to war. The mantra in a disaster is "women and children first", like it was on the Titanic, and men who try to save themselves are shamed. I remember reading about a young man aboard the Titanic who managed to save his life so he could go back to his mother. His mother, upon learning he was alive, was so disappointed in him for living that she promptly disowned him and refused him entry into their home. As a man, I don't wish to die in a war, but I know that if war comes I'm called on to serve. To be truthful, I'd only want to fight if my homeland was being invaded and it was a just cause to liberate our home and preserve our people and way of life. Otherwise, I'd try my best not to fight.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
Just spent about half a minute sitting in silence, pondering how a person ever even becomes at peace with that reality. And I really wanna write "you're not disposable" but ...
@Onnarashi
@Onnarashi Ай бұрын
@@PaperbagEveAs boys, we play fight and play as soldiers, fighters, always heroes and brave people standing against injustice, fighting overwhelming odds. It's a fantasy of so many men to fight and save their loved ones from danger, because it's ingrained in us to be our purpose: to protect and provide. If not us, then who? It's not something that enters my mind on a regular basis, but it's sort of way back in your mind, and you see countless examples of it in the world. It feels like a sort of unspoken truth. Not explicit, but implicit. How could young boys not be influenced by it,? I want to say I appreciate your time in not only making the video on this topic, having thought about it, and now responding to my comment. We both know that all life has value. It's just nice to be reminded of the fact that yours is no less valuable, as a man. Thank you.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
It's been bothering me for my whole life, but it is nice that it resonates. As it should. Your life has value, and I appreciate the human moment here. I remember as a child, couldn't have been more than 10, because by the time I was 11 we were moving away, my father was in a drunken brawl with his buddies and I reflexively stepped in between them. Maybe I was dropped on my head too much as a baby 😅
@Onnarashi
@Onnarashi Ай бұрын
@@PaperbagEveIt's nice to bare your thoughts so unfiltered and get a response. I recognise that need too. To be heard and understood. I think on some level we all do, as human beings. You demonstrated an understanding for something that's rarely spoken about, if ever. It feels good to be understood. You were a child. Our cognitive processes aren't fully developed at age 10 or 11. Reckless or brave (or both), you don't think as much about the consequences at that age. I remember doing all sorts of things as a child, but I grew out of it by age 12-13. I don't think humans are fully developed (cognitively) until our early 20's, and some might not even be fully developed then. Perhaps much like we grew up from childhood into adulthood, we as the human species will at some point recognise the futility of war and conflict. It's a nice thought, and maybe it's a fantasy for now, but I happen to think that at least to some degree humanity has learned that conflict can be resolved without violence, and thus no sacrifice of human life is necessary, but then you have certain leaders of large countries (some with nukes) who seem hellbent on sending as many young men as possible to their deaths. I'd like to think that most of humanity doesn't want this, and that the only antidote is love, peace and understanding. The love of a family. The love of a wife and child. A safe, good home. Solid friendships. Anyway, my last comment ended on a slightly bitter sweet note, so I figured I'd end on a more hopeful one this time. With more people like you and I, perhaps this idea of disposability will further diminish from the minds of people, as I think it already has.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
🥹 I love that the mythical "youtube algorithm" brought me people like you.
@johnhein2539
@johnhein2539 Ай бұрын
I guess if I was sent back to the thirties I'd volunteer for WW2 as a Yank. It's an honorable enough cause. Or join the Union for the Civil War if sent back to 1850s. Both of which were big bloody wars but, somehow a reason that's honorable and worthy, sells me to risk my bones for the right cause because someone needs to do it. Though most wars just aren't worth it. The villainous character The Judge in Blood Meridian has great speeches about War in how it exists in nature, long before man ever came along. You see it in rams competing for mates, wolves to be alpha, birds destroying each other's bloodlines, all over in the animal kingdom. All war is is 2 different wills making a decision over whose will will be the one that earns its existence "War is the forcing unity of existence. And war waited for millennia for man to come along and be the best at it." It's a cool speech, and right to an extent. But yeah, my own will tells me to choose my battles as not being a war dog for every fathead in a suit is a victory in itself.
@maskharat
@maskharat Ай бұрын
Trying to imagine a world where I have war in Germany, where conscription would apply to me... I'd probably walk over to Switzerland and claim refugee status and then probably dread the currently ongoing WW 3. With a bit of luck on my side, Switzerland manages the same as in WW 1 & 2.
@vulkanofnocturne
@vulkanofnocturne Ай бұрын
Even out of war. I don't know about foreign media but in the anglosphere the news anchor often introduces a tragedy saying "X number of people have died, including women and children" as if it were only men dying they wouldn't bother broadcasting it.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
It's true!
@randywoods67
@randywoods67 Ай бұрын
To those complaining about how often women joke about vaginas and periods, I urge you to think about how many jokes told by men involve their dicks or just getting laid. Face it, everyone... Most jokes are about SEX! It's only natural that women will lean toward jokes about how their own genitalia are involved rather than men's. It's just the view from the "other side" of the joke. I personally feel that most of today's best new comics are women.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
I've heard countless stand-ups and only ever recall Bill Maher talking about the way men do locker room talk (was talking about Trump).
@ianwynne764
@ianwynne764 Ай бұрын
Hello Eve: When I was a child one of my old male relatives served in the trenches in WWI. Now, I understand a little of the horrors he endured and witnessed. Later, I came close to being sent to Vietnam. Keep up the good work.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
I'm happy that ...well, that the way I am is resonating with people, I just wish it could change anything, you know.
@Kim-Yo-jong
@Kim-Yo-jong Ай бұрын
A conversation feminists refuse to be apart of. At least one woman on earth cares about the lives of men.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
I wanna reply something but I always die inside a little, thinking about this comment.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
Sources: www.researchgate.net/publication/323388351_Killing_and_Dying_for_One's_Country www.researchgate.net/publication/340801803_Cognitive_Biases www.researchgate.net/publication/359551027_In-group_and_out-group_social_influence_on_punishment_in_unfair_situations
@eichhornchenwibbleflup7688
@eichhornchenwibbleflup7688 Ай бұрын
Hmmm - my comment was deleted from this video. How odd I was only trying to define the term genocide.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
I did not delete anything, promise
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
Your comment isn't even in the "held for review" category, idk
@jonathanmitchell9886
@jonathanmitchell9886 Ай бұрын
@@PaperbagEve KZbin does it -- they're censor-happy. (They deleted my second response below, too.) I like to send them a hundred or so consecutive complaints when something like this happens. Creating a headache for them is the only way they'll listen; they don't respond to normal entreaties.
@jonathanmitchell9886
@jonathanmitchell9886 Ай бұрын
At this point, it's going to require direct action from the American people. The destruction ends when we stand up and refuse, under *any* circumstances, to go on paying for it.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
So, something along the lines of the protests against Vietnam?
@uumlau
@uumlau Ай бұрын
I think there is a distinct difference between a war and a "genocide". In particular, the distinction between whether the targets are military or civilian. Ironically, it is easier to make a case that Hamas tried to make genocidal attacks against Israel, than to make a case that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians/Hamas/Gaza. Note that Hamas endeavors to put innocent civilians in close proximity to military Hamas locations, precisely to foment charges of genocide. It's like the schoolyard bully punching you, and then when you punch back, the bully cries, "Teacher, teacher! He punched me!" That tactic worked very well when I was in school many decades ago, and it works now in the international arena. I have sympathy for the plight of everyone in that region, but there is a significant incentive to misallocate blame and make the fight continue. In particular, why did PLO leader Arafat engage in years of negotiations only to reject every offer? The answer is simple. When Anwar Sadat made peace with Israel in 1979, he was assassinated in 1981. I believe Arafat realized that he needed to make overtures of peace to keep the US off of his back, while at the same time refusing to settle for any sort of resolution in order to keep assassins off of his back. It's impossible to make peace because any potential peacemakers know that they won't live long afterwards.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
What do you think about Jordan and other countries vowing to ensure the security of Israel, if they stop?
@uumlau
@uumlau Ай бұрын
​@@PaperbagEve I think the ballistic missiles will keep coming in on a daily/weekly basis, because the other countries are in no position to stop Iran from funding that. The Abraham Accords prove that most of the countries in that region are sick and tired of the endless warfare, and regard Iran as a common enemy, thus your point about Jordan has merit. But Iran and a not-so-small-as-we-might-like minority of Islamic ideologues are not going to allow hostilities to stop. October 7th was a huge mistake on the part of Hamas. Israel had a policy of just enduring the incessant petty attacks, but after Oct 7 the war hawks got all the political capital they needed to go to all out war. It's sad for the people of Gaza who are caught in the middle, and it's a normal human feeling to just want it to stop, but I don't think that's possible until it naturally works itself out. I very much appreciate your balanced approach to this controversial issue. I usually find it difficult to read about the topic - never mind listening to pontifications about it - because it has been going on for 70+ years and it's always the same unworkable solutions being proposed over and over, as if they had never been proposed before. In general, it is not possible to negotiate with an enemy whose ideology demands your death.
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
Re: last paragraph I'm honored.
@vulkanofnocturne
@vulkanofnocturne Ай бұрын
I think genocide is the companion of murder. So it requires intent. But what is so important about calling a thing a genocide over a mass killing? When a lot of people are dead, I don't think intentions are all that important, it's the dead people. Criminal negligence for example is thing; it's a crime. So too on the macro scale, perhaps the Holodomor is an example of criminal negligence leading to mass-death? I think the colloquial understanding of genocide is getting in the way of accuracy. Saying a thing is not genocide and is mass-death/killing is not apologia. Just like a charge of manslaughter is not defending an individual of murder. I hope this comment gets passed the algorithm 🤞
@PaperbagEve
@PaperbagEve Ай бұрын
I agree with you, like I said in the video, different name will not change the suffering, but i think one of the positive aspects of a different definition would be, it would put the scale of crimes of (for example) the soviet union in perspective.