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Пікірлер
@zlozlozlo 16 күн бұрын
I'm looking forward to his post-Starship speeches.
@P-zp4qs 22 күн бұрын
The problem with this explanation is that there are Schwarzschild white holes associated with Schwarzschild black holes, but Kerr white holes do not exist. In the case of Kerr, the temporal symmetry is broken, the black holes of the universe are approximately Kerr. and it is a problem that we do not know how to construct their associated white holes.
@jonathanengle1872 Күн бұрын
It's nice to see a viewer with some more advanced background knowledge! Einstein's equations are invariant under reversal of time. So, since the Kerr solution exists, so does its time reversal, which would be a Kerr white hole. It's true that all black holes observed so far have very large spin, and so are best described by Kerr. The high spin can be explained by the conservation of angular momentum during their formation via stellar collapse. However, the black holes that might have turned into white holes making up dark matter would have been primordial black holes, which formed within the first second after the Big Bang through a process completely different from stellar collapse, and so may not have the same bias towards high spin. In any case, when physicists use Schwarzschild, it is usually for simplicity, as a first step.
@P-zp4qs Күн бұрын
@@jonathanengle1872 Diagrams describing Kerr black holes show that time reversal cannot be applied with the same result as Schwarzschild, in Kerr's case time reversal leads to black hole solutions and connections to "other universes". It is true that we can formulate the local evolution of a set of particles in the vicinity of the event horizon of a rotating black hole and we can obtain temporally symmetric local solutions, but we cannot construct a general Kerr white hole solution (unlike Schwarzschild) There is a suggestive idea that is the following: "Kerr to Schwarzschild to white transition during thermal death= CCC"
@P-zp4qs Күн бұрын
@@jonathanengle1872 Diagrams describing Kerr black holes show that time reversal cannot be applied with the same result as Schwarzschild, in Kerr's case time reversal leads to black hole solutions and connections to "other universes". It is true that we can formulate the local evolution of a set of particles in the vicinity of the event horizon of a rotating black hole and we can obtain temporally symmetric local solutions, but we cannot construct a general Kerr white hole solution (unlike Schwarzschild) There is a suggestive idea that is the following: "Kerr to Schwarzschild to white transition during thermal death= CCC"
@P-zp4qs 16 сағат бұрын
@@jonathanengle1872 Kerr to Schwarzschild to white transition during the thermal death = CCC
@antoninodelpopolo9539 22 күн бұрын
😂
@gerrylacelle8965 24 күн бұрын
you compare columbus to exploring MARS ???????? ,,,,,its not the same ,,,,,,are you really PHD lolllllllllllllllll
@tecoteman 4 ай бұрын
Nice content. How can i trade my crypto assets?
@kencynar2404 7 ай бұрын
This series reflects the charitable giving of my old friend of more than 60 years Jerry Hyman. An extraordinary man, who through hard work and a quest for knowledge, amassed several college degrees in engineering and physics, helped to counsel the downtrodden, teach physics and math at the college level and at Americans Indian Reservation schools, and also travel the world. His desire to inspire others to pursue careers in science has created this series. Today's topic recognizes the crisis we are facing in supplying potable water to earth's growing population...the future sees water becoming the new oil with all the political implications, shortages and quests for drilling for more.
@BarronWillis-zr9fh 8 ай бұрын
Before hearing this i want to say we live in a country that was and is a lie, a lie we all benefit from but none more than Caucasians and jews the elite as we call then and their worker bees. Etc etc
@spense5945 8 ай бұрын
🍀 Promo-SM
@TimothyLipinski 9 ай бұрын
Great video and talk !. Talked to Robert Zubrin a couple of times and the second time was after a talk on Mars ! In his book "The Case for Space", Chapter Three (3) covers "Moon Direct" about the return to the moon. The tech developed for the return to the moon to stay czn take US to Mars and beyond ! The LEV/LLV at 6.1 km/sec delta-V, LEO to LS and refuel for the return flight. The LEV/LLV can also land on Mars or take off from Mars to Mars orbit (5 km/sec delta-V)... The NASA designed "24-Hour Lunar Shuttle" (LEO to LLO) by Stanley K Borowski can be supported at the moon by the LLV/LLV. The rocket engine for the "24-Hour Lunar Shuttle" (ISP 940 to 514 sec) can take US from the deep gravity well of LEO to Mars orbit. The Mars Rocket in Mars orbit can refuel with Oxygen (O2) from Mars or the moon of Mars ! The Mars Rocket has enough Hydrogen (H2) fuel for the round trip from earth to Mars. Timothy Lipinski
@stokesseegers5012 10 ай бұрын
Some guy who was a guest on Ellie in space brought me here.
@Yodakaycool 11 ай бұрын
e.c ! wow
@ericadler9680 Жыл бұрын
Mars - the most important question for the future - ? This is so stupid. The most important question for the future will be horse-driven agriculture since there will be no oil (and for that reason no nuclear power either, since nuclear plants are driven by oil) anymore.
@Hotpotato-iv2em Жыл бұрын
A conspiracy is just 2 or more people plotting to break the law basically just another word for organized crime
@DarwinLpayne Жыл бұрын
I think I grew up with this guy. If he’s from Reston, he’s got a brother my age.
@paulmichaelfreedman8334 Жыл бұрын
This is more SpaceX PR than a lecture.
@paulmichaelfreedman8334 Жыл бұрын
Bit of a misleading thing is that around 12:30 he talks about cost per kilogram to launch, and indeed it did not change in over 40 years, but there has been inflation since so the actual cost to orbit has dropped equal to inflation.
@JFrazer4303 Жыл бұрын
40:18 I might bet that the speaker knows someone who's had a medical intervention or diagnosis based on technologies initially developed for humans in space. He's probably old enough to have experienced it. Basic research always pays off.
@JFrazer4303 Жыл бұрын
40:00 asking what solid returns we've gotten from space or what we could get from exploring Mars. It's possible that industry and people experimenting could have gotten all of the things we've gained from having that happen, but like innovations from war, it's difficult to see it happening, or so rapidly, unless there's a distinct effort to innovate such things. Forget frivolous things like velcro or tang; our world is shaped by technologies based on things innovated for putting people into space and onto the moon. It's easy to show that it's more than returned the effort and expense put into it. Paid the economy back many times over. I like to point out that going to the Moon or doing things in space in general has never been a huge drain on money. During the entire timescale of Apollo, the US spent as much on cosmetics, and large States spent more on liquor. The bailouts of '08 were greater than the entire running grand total NASA expense. Including Apollo, all the planetary probes, the Shuttle and ISS. The bailouts in '20 were much more. Today our annual DoD budget is ~80% of that running total. Not counting "black" items or ongoing military operational expenses, which aren't openly voted on but are tacked on as riders in must-pass legislation. During the invasion of Iraq, we were spending $8 billion a month, and the NASA budget was $17 billion. Compared to NASA, we spend as much on each: Fast foods, illegal drugs, sports gambling, and lotteries. (from Dr. Zubrin) The reason we haven't seen big things being returned from space, or more tan part of the ISS, and no one back to the Moon or onto Mars, is solely a question of desire and political will. We - or some elected officials decided not to keep going after the cold-war propaganda game of the Moon landings. Mars Direct came out in ~98 They could have hammered a mission plan out if they'd wanted, with the Mars DRM derived from Mars Direct. We/They don't want to. (Oil wars are far more lucrative in our current conception of an economy, if not revolutionary disruptive profitable, compared to space.
@JFrazer4303 Жыл бұрын
There's entirely too much rubbery definition-bending in these discussions between a base and a "Settlement" or colony. We've had people continuously on Antarctica for decades, but it is not a colony to which people will retire or raise their children. Yes, we need a large permanent continuously inhabited research base at Mars and he Moon, or among the moons of Jupiter. Not down on these bodies which have poor resources, low gravity and hostile environments. The university city/resort at Mars will be in an O'Neill habitat in orbit. If Mars' moons don't have enough metals, we can bring in a "near-Mars" asteroid. Before you have the scale of effort and infrastructure to build beyond a exploration base on Mars, you'll be able to start "bootstrapping" a space habitat. Terraforming is silly. It's the wrong answer to the wrong question. A fully terraformed Mars, Venus, Titan, Europa, etc will yield many another x2 the presently available land area on Earth. Just in the inner Solar system small bodies there are materials for O'Neill habs for hundreds of times the present land area. In the Belt, thousands, and in better conditions than will be possible on Mars and the habitable zone around the Sun goes out into the Oort halo. Anyone who talks about living long-term on Mars, need to prove that we can live long-term and stay healthy in low G. That's *proof*, not S.F., not wishes and hopes and try it and see. Not maybe in the future biomechanically engineering ourselves and our offspring. Prove that first, and we can go on to talk ab about why O'Neill habitats in space are still the better or only option for long-term, large-scale habitation off-Earth. Anyone who talks about He3 fusion, needs to prove fusion first, and we can go on to talk about why SSPS are still the better option. I know Dr. Zubrin doesn't like these, and I've heard he and Musk and many others use lies and numerous red herrings to talk down on them. Some say that with launch prices of the Space Shuttle, we want to lift a 10 billion ton space colony to L-5. We won't be so dishonest to say that they want to use the Shuttle or "Starship" to soft-land a city on Mars. NASA in the '70s showed a plan to mine the Moon or NEAs and build up to the first small O'Neill habitat (Stanford Torus). No new3 inventions needed. Cost over ~30 years was like any other large infrastructure or industrial development down here and we get all the launch and in-space infrastructure to reproduce it. The cost would long since have been paid off by returning NEA metals to Earth: The first entity that returns even a few kg of loosely sorted metals, wins forever the "game" of making money by accessing or hoarding resources or precious metals. The value of all the gold in all the vaults or oil underground crashes down through the cellar, and old-money hegemonies built on it evaporate. (Please, anyone show how any of that is exaggeration or hyperbole) Neither Mars nor the Moon is the best first target for a large long-term space effort. We know of 10k+ NEAs in the Apollo groping. Minus one over Chelyabinsk in 2013: denser with metals than the Earth's crust ~50km deep. Some meteorites are density 8+, grater than pure Fe. King Tut's rust-proof meteoritic steel dagger is 6% Co. No mine on a planet or larger moon will ever work such resources. We know of 1400 NEAs easier to get to than Mars, 400 easier than the Moon, 40 or so easier than Lunar orbit. Any large-scale long-term space effort that doesn't first propose to open mining of NEAs is not to be taken seriously. Zubrin talks about paying for Mars with patents from the settlers, and returning to the economy by inspiring a new generation of engineers and such, ~18 years down the road. Musk is selling internet and ground-orbit launch. The economic value of everything we do in space including weather and Earth-observations and all of telecommunications is peanuts in comparison to the NEAs. The objection that it's not possible to economically return N EA metals is vapid. If your contract proposal says it's not possible, then your astronautical engineering company obviously won't get the contracts. The Apollo capsules came right in on hyperbolic interplanetary trajectories without entering Earth orbit or trying to slow down. A dumb aero-entry barge of asteroidal steel or aggregate artificial rock doesn't even need to stay entirely intact or afloat after splashing down in the shallows off an industrial port city. It's arguable that no mining or refining or raw materials production or energy acquisition efforts down here can be done economically and has never been done so. Every time we try to get a mining conglomerate to clean up, they go bankrupt taking the profits to off-shore tax-havens and leaving the mess to future generations of tax payers. We hear it from industrialists all the time that if we try to make them have zero lasting footprint on the environment, they can't stay in business. Such heavy industries down here are killing us.
@ankyspon1701 Жыл бұрын
Great Post... And from an environmental perspective, in another presentation, Zurich can be heard saying that it's ok to dump bi products of fuel creation, such as Carbon monoxide into the Martian atmosphere! These people don't seem to care about anything, apart from their mission.
@susiglatt7625 2 жыл бұрын
If I were starting college now I would choose environmental science as a major. There was no such thing way back when I was in college
@malsanikeshavarao5450 2 жыл бұрын
I got into FAU .but not sure how to apply for scholarship or Assistantship
@aspencat2239 2 жыл бұрын
Lets go to mars this guy's way motherfuckers!!! Hurry up!!!Lesssss GO!!!
@skifan2u 2 жыл бұрын
Very interesting. It makes it much easier to understand the bigger picture. Thanks for sharing.
@markschroter2640 2 жыл бұрын
My personal opinion is that once you leave Earth's gravity well Earth's laws do not apply, (unless you return to Earth). If you occupy a place then you own it, insofar as you can defend it.
@charlessmyth 2 жыл бұрын
When the environmental catastrophe of the Salton Sea is too big to handle, and so few can be bothered to inhabit California City, Mojave, that is less than 100-miles from downtown LA, Mars is a total nonsense.
@markschroter2640 2 жыл бұрын
Nothing is stopping you from fixing that problem.
@matthewmason2211 Жыл бұрын
Maybe we shouldn’t have allocated more water to agriculture than can be replaced through natural processes, and probably would have been a good idea to factor in climate trending variables that was well understood is cyclical not a linear constant…. And why the hell artificially produce farming in the desert by stealing water from somewhere else and think it would be sustainable? California just got a shit ton of water in those atmospheric rivers. Figure out how to redirect flood waters into irragation reserves that can be used in the future when need be & Leave the Colorado river alone and problems solved
@melquannshabazz2224 2 жыл бұрын
Great Visionary 💯💯
@johnbroussard9480 2 жыл бұрын
Excellent scientist and engineer. His reasoning faculties are extensive. He is handing off the Mars challenge baton to these 21st century young minds. I hope they remember how fortunate they are to have him as a teacher and mentor.
@fuaatramli2323 2 жыл бұрын
Nice presentation for so long zabirin dream human venture to mar since his school day know his has bujet from US.
@executivesteps 2 жыл бұрын
Harvesting Helium 3 from Saturn Uranus and Neptune for fusion power on Earth. I would prefer this guy spent an hour lecturing just on that. And to pass around what he’s smoking too.
@sakethcharan4915 2 жыл бұрын
Great
@GaySideWinder 2 жыл бұрын
it's absolutely f'n unbelievable 1 of the first questions they ask is would they be paying taxes on mars. SMMFH!
@jackthompson6192 2 жыл бұрын
It would probably be worse than camping out in a cold dry desert with no air to breathe ..
@brobrah4595 2 жыл бұрын
yea no shit, its another planet.
@Lilmiket1000 2 жыл бұрын
lol, he's so right. So glad china decided to embrace electric vehicles instead of going to war. Time for them to focus more in converting their energy grid and industrial processes. Same for the USA. We can be energy independent but at this point, we are choosing not to be because we are too set in our ways. but one way or another fossil fuels is going out. Even if nuclear has to make a comeback.
@iceyred6668 2 жыл бұрын
yea/ Nd.D
@xcidgaf 2 жыл бұрын
1:05 Victoria really knows how to compose a coherent question
@xcidgaf 2 жыл бұрын
3:26 imagine turning on the tv, preparing to go to work and hear those three scramble your brain.
@greennights2388 2 жыл бұрын
Can I just have my own place, nothing fancy, just something better than homelessness. You waste that much, you would not even notice a dent to end homelessness. Long as there is this level of apathy for people, evolution eludes you. Appalling.
@JFrazer4303 Жыл бұрын
The old canard about trashing the Earth and running off into space never comes from those who advocate it. It only ever comes from a position of ignorance, and is expressed from a desire to find something (anything) to feel morally self-righteously superior to others for. It's always about using space to help down here. Musk says to become a multi-planet civilization and then goes on to say "that means this one too". Bezos says to use resources of space, end heavy polluting industries down here and turn the Earth into a giant wilderness park. Mining the NEAs ends scarcity of resources, energy and room for growth, forever. No more oil wars or budget crunches, forever. Directing your ire towards space efforts is misplaced for another reason. Everyone thinks that going to space must be this huge budget-busting effort. Not true. During the timescale of Apollo, the US spent as much on cosmetics, and large States spent more on liquor. The bailouts of '08 were greater than the entire historic running grand total NASA expense. Including Apollo, the Shuttle and ISS. The bailouts of 2020 were very much more. Today our DoD annual budget is ~80% of that running total, not counting "black" military spending and ongoing military operational expenses. $17 trillion on military spending between 2003 and 2021. The solution to homelessness is to give them housing. Everywhere it's tried, the costs to them and to society are lower, and they stop destructive habits and pick up their lives. This is proven, just as public spending like food and medical and housing and education subsidies always pays back into the economy and helps everyone. This costs nothing like a small oil war or a space mission. We don't do it, because of very misguided ideologies. Aside from mining NEAs, we end budget problems by taxing the rich and big corporations and ending military adventures like fake wars started on lies, expending our troops as cheap mercs for profit and graft.
@wheredmyelectrongo3613 Жыл бұрын
Space flight, Mars missions...apauling? Well let's think about this for a moment. I don't know of one homeless person who also works a full time job. And I know a few, including myself a couple years ago. So you're implying we use these funds to supply homes for homeless people, the majority of whom do not work. I currently own a modest condo and work 50 hours a week to support it, as do the tens of millions of homeowners across the country. Unless we get our homes paid for too so we don't have to drag ourselves to work everyday, then your demands sound pretty unfair. But if everyone gets a house and stops dragging themselves to work, who's going to stock the shelves at the grocery store, work at the factories, supply the electricity...etc.? So I don't see what's so appalling. In fact, the Homeless Problem is far less a financial one and more a mental health one.
@JFrazer4303 Жыл бұрын
@@wheredmyelectrongo3613 The ethos of working hard to lift yourself by your bootstraps to riches, is busted a long time ago. Vagaries of personal experiences, or ill-fortune destroy many who do work. And many people who do work full time are either homeless or precarious. The idea that if people don't have to struggle at wage slavery to survive, then civilization will collapse because no one will stock the shelves, is ridiculous -as in worthy of ridicule. Experience in every place it's tried to give homeless people a place and what they need to get by, shows that everyone benefits. The economic benefits apply to everyone. Similarly with every place that's tried UBI. Healthy people do not settle back and suck off a government teat. They go back to school or work on making something or starting a business or something else that benefits everyone. The unhealthy ones who don't lift themselves higher when they don't have to scrabble to survive, are a problem of medical mental health. Drug abuse also tends to go away when people are taken off the streets and given housing even with no strings attached. Yes, it happens, in the majority of individuals, every time it's tried in a society. Those who say that the unhealthy ones who don't try to make themselves better when given a decent chance should just be allowed to starve in the streets or rely on corporate capitalism to help them, are unbalanced and indoctrinated. The professionally lazy class of "takers" inherited their millions, and never have to work for a living.
@ezragonzalez8936 2 жыл бұрын
Oh look its the angry troll!!
@nurkleblurker2482 3 жыл бұрын
"on the surface you can shield yourself (from radiation)..." How? The surface of Mars has a great deal of solar and cosmic radiation. How will this be mediated for astronauts? He glosses over this but it's a huge problem.
@lonniedobbins778 2 жыл бұрын
He glosses over a lot to promote people going to mars. He made some great discoveries trying to do it. But people can't live on Mars. I doubt if survival is possible.
@hernanposnansky4830 2 жыл бұрын
Lonnie Actually survival on Mars is not that difficult, sure you will need pressurized habitats, but not at normal pressure, but at a pressure which corresponds to high mountains, the main difference is that the oxygen partial pressure is the same as on earth but with a lot less inert nitrogen : say 200 mbar oxygen , 160 mbar nitrogen , so the total pressure in your lightweight pressure suit is only pressurized to a third than what we are used to, and the same pressure in all large habitats, with some carbon dioxide for the plants inside. The very low temperatures outside are not a problem because the low density of the 'atmosphere' about 0.015 kg/m^3 reduces the heat capacity to about 1/120 of the cold air on earth, that means that in a tent outside you need only a small heater to bring up the temperature to normal levels. Of course you must wear your lightweight contact pressure suit, which has more than enough heat retention capabilities. The pressure suits we used on the Moon had to have significant cooling systems to reject the heat of the astronaut. If you get a chance to try one out, you will see what I mean. Due to the low gravity on Mars moving and working with large equipment is easy. You will not get 'winded' because you breathe much less volume of the low pressure air to get the same amount of oxygen . That you can try on the highest airport in Bolivia with a little supplemental oxygen available there, and once you are used to it, skiing at 14000 feet is very pleasant.
@gagarinone 2 жыл бұрын
@@hernanposnansky4830 Thansk for your informative answer!
@ronarkom1611 2 жыл бұрын
@@lonniedobbins778 you know, it is a one hour talk to a mostly layman audience.
@edwardfoehring8827 3 жыл бұрын
Robert you are Awsome .
@edwardfoehring8827 3 жыл бұрын
Taxes LoL, checks in the mail !
@solexxx8588 3 жыл бұрын
Terraforming mars without a magnetic field is unlikely. A rotating space station that simulates gravity is more likely.
@tomasneel1980 3 жыл бұрын
Lmao
@thorstenkrug144 3 жыл бұрын
He is an optimist, has an apealing vision. And i like his voice. Wish more ppl would hear him and act acordingly. Sigh.
@trevorcox3669 3 жыл бұрын
Sound is terrible
@whirledpeas3477 3 жыл бұрын
Zubrin is a great visionary! 👍
@OneCupOfCoffee204 3 жыл бұрын
If you do a Google search for the guy who proposed a mission to Mars in the '70s It's almost as if this guy never lived.
@vinny142 Жыл бұрын
That's because "If you do a Google search for the guy who proposed a mission to Mars in the '70s It's almost as if this guy never lived." That' because NASA was already working on it in the 60's. Even tpday zubrin is only known for being vocal about how important it is taht we go to mars, without ever giving a single argument that stands up to any scruteniy at all. The ultimate irony is that Zubrin, the man who claimed it was possible to colonise mars with 60's tech, is still skeptical about Musk's plans with 2020's technology. Zubrin is still ver mch pro-mars but it has takena along time for him to realise that his dream in the 70's was just him being an ignorant dreamer. Today he still dreams but he knows his dreams are very very difficuly to realise.
@OneCupOfCoffee204 Жыл бұрын
@@vinny142 That' because NASA was already working on it in the 60's. Even tpday zubrin is only known for being vocal about how important it is taht we go to mars, without ever giving a single argument that stands up to any scruteniy at all. The ultimate irony is that Zubrin, the man who claimed it was possible to colonise mars with 60's tech, is still skeptical about Musk's plans with 2020's technology. Zubrin is still ver mch pro-mars but it has takena along time for him to realise that his dream in the 70's was just him being an ignorant dreamer. Today he still dreams but he knows his dreams are very very difficuly to realise. Bite me!
@LETTYONLY1 3 жыл бұрын
I love this guy ❤️
@aminullah8103 3 жыл бұрын
Wonderful achievement Dear Dr. Wazir Muhammad... May ALLAH grant you more success....ameen
@faheyplayer 3 жыл бұрын
The distinguished Dr. Zubrin, giving a lecture at the college named after me, of course. HA!!
@whirledpeas3477 2 жыл бұрын
Grow up
@faheyplayer 2 жыл бұрын
You think I’m serious….I guess you didn’t see my last name, you jumped the gun, AND missed the pun so the joke is on you for what little cleverness it may hold, lil zhepa
@whirledpeas3477 2 жыл бұрын
@@faheyplayer okay "Karen"
@faheyplayer 2 жыл бұрын
@@whirledpeas3477 How sad to have no sense of irony, no sense of humor, just an angry, impulsive little hamster troll.
@whirledpeas3477 2 жыл бұрын
@@faheyplayer okay "Boomer"
@jshepard152 3 жыл бұрын
5:15 Start here.