In the context of telecommunications and networking, "Tunneling" refers to the process of encapsulating one type of data packet inside another. "Tunnel 1/2 signals" could refer to tunneling certain types of signals or protocols in Layer 1 (physical layer) or Layer 2 (data link layer) of the OSI model. Let's break this down: ### Tunnel 1/2 Signals: General Concepts 1. **Layer 1 (Physical Layer) Tunneling**: - This involves the transmission of raw bitstreams across a physical medium. Techniques for tunneling at this layer might involve encapsulating the physical layer's signaling over a higher-level protocol, such as sending Ethernet frames over an IP network. - Examples: - **SONET/SDH tunneling**: SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking) or SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) signals might be tunneled over other networks like MPLS. - **Dark Fiber**: In some cases, entire physical connections (like fiber optics) are leased and used to tunnel Layer 1 signals across long distances. 2. **Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) Tunneling**: - The data link layer is responsible for node-to-node communication and includes protocols like Ethernet, PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), or Frame Relay. Tunneling at this layer might involve encapsulating Layer 2 traffic within another protocol. - Examples: - **L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol)**: L2TP is a protocol that tunnels Layer 2 traffic (like PPP frames) over an IP network. Often used with VPNs. - **GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation)**: GRE can encapsulate different types of Layer 2 packets inside IP packets, allowing Layer 2 traffic to be sent over an IP network. - **MAC-in-MAC Tunneling**: In Layer 2 networks, you might encounter tunneling techniques that encapsulate entire Ethernet frames within another Ethernet frame (used in some Metro Ethernet services). ### Application of Layer 1/2 Tunneling - **VPNs (Virtual Private Networks)**: VPNs often use tunneling to encapsulate and secure communications. A VPN might involve Layer 2 tunneling (such as L2TP) or Layer 3 tunneling (like IPsec). - **MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)**: MPLS networks are commonly used to tunnel data at Layer 2 and Layer 3, providing efficient transport across wide area networks (WANs). - **Carrier Ethernet**: In service provider networks, tunneling Layer 2 Ethernet frames across various infrastructure is common, especially for services like Metro Ethernet or VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service). ### Summary "Tunneling 1/2 signals" is a broad phrase that could refer to the encapsulation of Layer 1 (physical) or Layer 2 (data link) signals over some other network infrastructure. Specific protocols like L2TP, GRE, and MPLS are commonly used for tunneling in networking scenarios. Let me know if you need more detailed explanations or examples of any specific tunneling protocols!

Why is the bunchinghead that tiny

Sounds like a flat spot on one of the wheels

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That’s Guadalupe

The old girl sounds good. I memorized the Gettysburg Address behind the steering wheel of one just like that.

Wrong tool => Real pain.

get rid of that bead and weld first

nice, but you have gotta find a better body to put that track cleaner under

The kero wasn't burning off the bench because it needs to be aerosolized to become combustible

wow... looking at that full screen makes me think the camera man is standing a bit too close to the train and is getting buffeted all around in the wind. lol, NOM

Ah yes... the never ending debate about what to do after operating hours to put all the trains back away. lol Tunnel 10? No... Bakersfield... So you want us to back down? No, Tunnel 10. Wait, huh?!.... lol Bealville to Tunnel 10, cut the helpers, back to Bakersfield. Wait the helpers go where? Yes, they'll go to sandcut. Sand-where? It is good that we freeze everything where we stop at 8pm, then restage the trains between terminals to get stuff moving at the start of the day the next session, However, it is funny to listen to how newer operators get thrown for a loop (no pun intended >.< ) being instructed they have to run another 3 HO scale miles east, before they can turn around and run 10 miles west to Bakersfield. It will be nice when the layout's more complete. It won't be such a chore to put it all away. Just more for the "Setup crew" to do before the next one, getting the trains back to where they should be "frozen" from the last session to start again. NOM

Looks nice, too bad the video freezes part way through... sigh. NOM

got their money's worth out the flues eh?