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After Kösem Sultan's death, Turhan Sultan ruled the Ottoman Empire as a regent for 5 years. The grand viziers gave reports her about the government jobs. For 5 years, the final decision authority was entirely in the hands of Turhan Sultan. Turhan Sultan dealt with almost all state affairs. As we understand from the letters Turhan Sultan wrote to the statesmen in the Ottoman archives, she ordered bread prices to remain stable, banned fireworks in Istanbul, had spies in every region of the empire. She fought with Venice, ordered new navies to be built, suppressed the revolt of the Croats in the Bosnian province, warned the grand vizier to pay the soldiers' salaries on time, tried to suppress the İpşir Mustafa Pasha rebellion, which caused a great confusion in Anatolia, appointed the new Crimean Khan. There was a janissary garrison consisting of 2-3 thousand janissaries on the small island of Chios and with the complaint written by the people of Chios to the Valide Turhan Sultan, she ordered the number of Janissaries on the island to be reduced and many more. Turhan Sultan appointed the pashas, ​​viziers and provincial governors. She checked the annual taxes from the Egyptian province, questioned state of the navy, and threatened government officials who did not do their job well. So she was an empress. She was one of the most powerful women of the Ottoman Empire. Some historians say that Turhan Sultan was more powerful than Kösem Sultan in state administration. After 5 years, she transferred most of her powers to Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, but she continued to deal with state affairs until the day she died. Even after Turhan Sultan transferred her powers to Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, she was seen at the level of the padishah by the imperial authorities. We learn this from the book "Nouvelle Relation De L'Intérieur Du Sérail Du Grand Seigneur" by the French jewelery merchant and traveler Jean-Baptiste Tavernier. In 1668, Tavernier witnessed the return of Turhan Sultan from Edirne to Istanbul. According to Tavernier, thousands of armed soldiers and pashas were assigned to bring Turhan Sultan from Edirne to Istanbul. Turhan Sultan's convoy consisted of 5-6 thousand people. Turhan Sultan's carriage was pulled by six horses and there were six guards around it. The guards around Turhan Sultan's carriage were holding spears in their hands and red horsetails were attached to the ends of these spears. Do you know what horsetail mean? The horsetails were called “tugh” and showed to the position as a symbol of authority, power, and sultanate. For example, sanjak-beys used to represent by a single horsetail. The provincial governers (beylerbeyi) used to represent by two, the viziers used to represent by three horsetails, and the padishah used to represent by six horsetails. In other words, the number of horsetails differed according to the position of the person. According to Tavernier, Turhan Sultan was represented with six horsetails. The representation of Turhan Sultan with six horsetails shows that Turhan Sultan was seen at the level of the padishah in an honorary sense. Leslie Peirce, Halil İnalcık and many historians say that Turhan Sultan did not completely withdraw from politics even after she transferred her powers to Köprülü Mehmed Pasha. Köprülü Mehmed Pasha gave reports on governance to Turhan Sultan and in many administrative matters her supported him. Thus, historians saw her and him as the mainstay of the Ottoman state. According to the information given by Giacomo Querini, the Venetian ambassador in the 1670s, Turhan Sultan was still dealt with state affairs. In this respect, ambassador records: ''[Turhan Sultan] has fame and glory, she respects the public. She became more of a friend to Prince Suleiman than a stepmother. She is greatly respected by the Padishah. Those who wanted to block her failed to do so. She interferes in the administration with her advice and talents, and participates in monarchy as a partner.” Also, in 1667, Turhan Sultan sent letters to Emperor Leopold I of Austria and Empress Margarita Theresa. For the source of information about Turhan Sultan's correspondence with Leopold I and Margarita Theresa, you can refer to the sixth volume of the Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches, written by the famous Austrian historian Joseph von Hammer. The relationship between Turhan Sultan and her son Mehmed is the best mother-son relationship in the history of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed respected his mother very much and always cared about his mother's views on state affairs. Mehmed IV had little interest in state affairs. Therefore, the grand vizier and Turhan Sultan were more influential in state affairs. Turhan Sultan continued to deal with state affairs until her death. But she was not as strong as when she was regent. That's why on the day she died, statemen and the public said that the strongest pillar of the state is gone.

​@@metehangediz3926good knowledge but... Turhan was NOT more powerful then kosem. Pretty much all historians (ottomans and Venetians especially) agree that kosem is the most powerful of the sultanate of women followed by turhan, nurbanu safiye, halime/handan, and lastly hurrem (in that order) . Kosem literally did all the things turhan did but better and for a longer time. Kosem was the true one who was see as a padishah because she had the support of the army and the divan was mostly at her service. Kosem was powerful even when her sons when adults. After kosem, 50 thousand people were left on the streets Hungry after her charity foundations closed. She was more loved and respected by the people and the divan then turhan was. Kosem was more interested and involved in the state's administration affairs. Also : Kosem : - haseki 12 years - Valide (2 times) sultan : 1 time for 17 years and then 2nd Time for 8 years - Buyuk valide sultan (the first and last one in ottoman history) for her grandson for 3 years (in this era she WAS the padisah) - valide-i kebir : 3 years - Regent : official Regent for 10-11 years for murad then non official Regent for Ibrahim because he wasn't mentally stable so she ruled in his stead during his 8 year reign Then Regent for her grandson for 3 years, total = 28 years - extremely involved in the a state's administration and affairs and never gave up on it. - most achievable sultana/women in ottoman history Turhan : Haseki 4 years Valide 33 years ( most of them she did nothing special except for her Regency years) Regent : 5 years There's truly no comparison, turhan had her power but she could NEVER compare to naibe sultanate buyuk valide, valide kerbir, valide muazzama (magnificent mother) kosem sultan.

@@grandetristesse3370 I'm a Turkish. And I know my history better than you.

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