She must be getting pretty angry again!

What about the Russian Baltics Volcanoes?

Thank you, Rachel

Anyone else's video go mute when Ed was in the quarry?

I watched a nice video about this but it is in French 😊 kzbin.info/www/bejne/Y16Xiq2AdrGMb6s

They really got double whammied at the end of the Cretaceous.

Well, at least we know why it took the Vulcans so long to make first contact . . .

those volcanoes spit up enough lava in one million years to cover the earth every square inch of earth ten feet thick. That’s insane. But we know the asteroid impact was not survivable by anything large.

Its great how we have made such an enemy out of carbon we are rewriting history to fit the narrative

An interesting question would be if the Deccan traps allowed some SOME species to have already developed SOME adaptations which were useful in the post impact world.

OKAY ASK THIS ONE QUESTION WHAT AR MOST COMMON ON EARTH VOLCANOES OR ASTEROIDS UM ?? =VOLCANOES

great video! really loved the way you explained the theories. but honestly, i'm leaning more towards the volcanic activity being the main cause. it just seems like the continuous eruptions could've had a more devastating impact on the climate over time, rather than a single asteroid strike. what do you think?

Dr. Erin Leonard Can you clarify if Europa clipper will do any science during JOI? Or will they only focus on JOI? It would be nice for some approach images of the moons.

Why is there a debate. Clearly it was both. Hell, perhaps either on their own would have been survivable, but together, it's good bye, thanks for all the fish.

Back in the late 80's there was a guy on PBS who wasn't main stream but described and talked about 'dinosaur's were dying off' before the asteroid hit. He went over his evidence - which I can't totally remember, but part was rock layers, numbers of fossils and some other things. He was probably 40 or 50 at the time. I don't know if he went to vulcanism as part of the decline. I've since tried to find his videos, info anything but can't. Thank you for the information!

Thank you for this extremely informative video. As an adherent of the “impact amplified the eruptions” school of thought, I couldn’t resist commenting! Anomalously large eruptions in the Deccan Traps intensified very close to the time of the meteor impact and continued at an elevated frequency for 30,000 to 50,000 years following it, releasing about 70% of the magma during that relatively narrow period. The impact caused a brief hot period followed by an impact winter that initially lowered global temperatures in some areas by as much as 15°C, lasting up to two years. This cooling may have been partially offset by weathering, which sequesters CO₂, but weathering takes time, whereas a dramatic increase in CO₂ has more immediate effects. As a result, the increased volcanism raised CO₂ levels in the atmosphere, leading to an average global temperature rise of up to 8°C over several thousand years. Due to these dramatic temperature fluctuations, many plants and animals that survived the initial impact were ultimately killed off either by the intense cold or by the ensuing warming trend. In other words, this was a “double whammy” scenario, with the impact likely also playing a significant role in intensifying the volcanism in the Deccan Traps. The Traps were close to the antipode-the point on Earth opposite the impact-which would have experienced a focusing of seismic waves, likely contributing to the anomalously large eruptions post-impact. The bottom line is that Mother Nature was very, very angry-and humans were the beneficiaries. Humans probably wouldn’t exist without this impact event.

First came the impact which was localized. Then came the aftermath of same which spread all around the world and did most of the killing for the next year or so. Most dinosaurs died of starvation as plant life died out. If any volcanoes popped off, that wou;ld have added to the doomsday shroud that enveloped the planet.

Vulcans could have altered the trajectory of that asteroid.

The debate between asteroid caused extinction vs volcanism caused extinction vs some combination caused extinction is not new and is not unknown to anyone who pays attention to science. What would be new is if physical evidence which helps to resolve the debate.

3:40 the meteor didn’t cause the DTs, but the DT was very close to the antipode of the meteor impact. It very likely greatly increased the Vulcanism because most of the energy is focused at the antipode and the impact site, and that happens more than once as the seismic wave reverberates around the globe multiple times.

Q: Volcanism or impact? A: yes

good job explaining the big picture. congratulations on your new position. FYI you have some really beautiful specimens on your shelves.

i'm sure it was a combination of the two.

CHoosing one or the other is a pointless argument. Having been responsible for troubleshooting on production lines you soon learn that it is never one variable that causes the problem but the interaction of several variables

Speaking of something completely different. What are the drivers for convergent evolution apart for striving to fill the same food- nishe?

Really interesting

Cool, gratulations to your new job.

THE CLIMATE-CHANGER GOD-ROCK KNOWS THAT THE EARTH HAS TWO MAJOR SEISMIC SHIFTS AND TWO MAJOR 50 YEAR CYCLES 1-CYCLE 1985 TO 2011 HAS THE EARTH CLOSED UP THE TECTONIC PLATES FOR ABOUT 25 YEAR PERIOD EVERY 50 YEARS 2-CYCLE 2012 TO 2035. HAS THE EARTH OPENS UP AND CLOSES UP TECTONIC PLATES IN A 25 YEAR PERIOD EVERY 50 YEARS WE ARE ONLY HALF WAY THROUGH THIS CYCLE OVER 130,000 DAILY ERUPTIONS THAT CAUSED MAJOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES OUTBREAKS= PANDEMIC KILLING MILLIONS OF PEOPLE AND LIVESTOCK BIRDS AND OTHER ANIMALS MAJOR TOXIC DEADLY POISONOUS GASES CREATING VOG CIRCLING THE EARTH SPREADING INFECTIOUS DISEASES OUTBREAKS EVERY 50 YEARS THESE 50 YEAR CYCLES ARE HAPPENING. AND CLIMATE CHANGES 2011 950 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2012 2,950 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2013 5928 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2014 4,707 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2015 3,730 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2016 5,135 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2017 10,155 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2018 10,991 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2019 11,062 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2020 12,162 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2021 14,434 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2022 13,621 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2023 14,130 ERUPTIONS THAT YEAR 2024 SO FAR OVER 11,000 EVERY FIFTY YEARS THE EARTH OPENS UP AND CLOSES UP WITH HEAT AND COLD 2024 TO 2035 MAJOR COLD COLD COLD COLD COLD COLD FREEZING RAIN AND HEAVY SNOW STORMS WINTERS IN A ROW TO CLOSE UP THE TECTONIC PLATES FOR ABOUT 25 YEAR PERIOD EVERY 50 YEARS THE CLIMATE-CHANGER GOD-ROCK KNOWS

This is like asking did the patient die due to a sudden traumatic event, or, was it the decades long diet of Macdonalds and pop?

9:00 re weathering and drawing CO2 sounds much like the plant life cycle, almost like this natural, chemical effect led to higher forms of carbon-based ... anyway, interesting stuff

Wonderful. Cheers.

So, the dinosaurs went extinct because of A Series of Unfortunate Events.

Wow, I didn't know that osmium is so useful for geological events identification 😌 Thanks for the story ! P.S. This hairstyle fits you so well ! 👍❤

Thanks, Rachel. A few years ago The Atlantic wrote an article about Gerta Keller, and since then I’ve wondered whether we all jumped to conclusions about an asteroid wiping out the non-avian dinosaurs.

Or, was it a micronova of the Sun which produces volcanic activity, massive floods and earthquakes and a rain of solar debris?

Both......Double Wammy.

Subduction causes volcanisim ...🏝️🌎☄️🍽️🌍🌋 It would make sense after the earth consuming a large section of sea crust into the mantle that shortly thereafter the boiling water would turn to steam and erupt somewhere else depending on spin and impact velocity through the mantle

interesting, i never knew volcanism was even considered over the asteroid bad day visit.

When I was a geology student it was call the K-T boundary. Congrats for this recognition from your peers of your talent and knowledge. Another comment mentions the possibility of the Deccan Traps second pulse happening by being at the antipode of the impact. Any research on that possibility? I picture (hear) the earth ringing like the Liberty Bell from the impact of a supersonic BB. An ear-splitting "ting."

Rachel 🌋☄️, This is a great topic. Osmium ratios ⚗️ is a new one for me. I had to go to Google 💻. Solid work ⚒️. Thank you. 🤍💚🧡❤️ 👏👏👏👏

'Maastrichian' goes reasonably well, but I'm fairly certain that Deccan is pronounced more like 'dekkan' than 'deacon' ;)

A point that's missing is that the volcanic activity was pretty much as far as it can be from the impact, which means it had probably weakened life where it was more likely to survive the astroid impact. And, the area that's too far from the volcano was mostly obliterated by the astroid. Also, the shock waves from the astroid most probably impacted the volcanic activity (but that impact good have gone in both directions, more erruptions or blockage slowing down the eruptions). One important thing to note is that there is often more than one contributing factor to anything. There might have also been other things going that aren't obvious (or not visible at all) in the fossil and geological records.

Those quetzalcoatluses (quetzalcoatli?) from the palaeoart at like 1:05 lack wing membranes connecting to their ankles and it looks hilarious. I would seriously be so embarrassed if I were them rn, like looking down in a dream and seeing you’re not wearing any pants

Great review. FYI. I think it is deh-kn with a short e not dee-kn with a long e.

I've always thought it was pronounced deck-in rather than deacon.

Geo Girl is such a dreamboat!

the anti podes of the chixulub impact is deccan plateau,which erupted at 65 million years ago,isn't that weird?

I thought it was smoking.

As you are surely well aware, Princeton’s Professor Gerta Keller has for some time been perhaps the most prominent and energetic proponent of the hypothesis that Deccan volcanism was the principal factor in the end-Cretaceous extinction, and skeptic of the model that a celestial-body impact was the main direct cause of that extinction event. Do you know if she, or colleagues allied with her on these questions, have weighed in on the research reported in the recent GSA Bulletin paper?

Dr Phillips: You may want to check authoritative sources for the pronunciation of the word, “Deccan”. I was surprised to hear you pronouncing it, throughout this video, as “DEEK-uhn” - like the word, “deacon”. I’ve always heard it pronounced, “DECK-uhn”, although I grant I can’t state with absolute certitude that that is •the• correct pronunciation.