I can ship it over if you can help me fix it

I'm assuming you are talking about the Arduino setup() and loop() functions. As I'm sure you already know, all C/C++ programs need at least one function, main(). Arduino code is no different as it's just C++, but the main() function is hidden from the user. If you dig around the source files in the Arduino IDE folders, you'll find a source file which contains main(). main() will look something like this (although there may be more in it, I haven't explored it for some time): void main() { setup(); while(1) { loop(); } } As you can see, loop() is called repeatedly in the while(1) loop. Answers to your questions. #1 You are correct. #2 What happens to variables declared in loop() depends on how you declared them: void loop() { int var1; int var2 = 10; static int var3 = 20; /* other C++ statements... */ } var1 is only initialized to zero only once when your program starts. In loop() it only changes if some C++ statement changes it. var2 will be initialized to 10 every time loop() runs, which for most Arduino programs, happens continuously while your program runs. var3 is like a global variable, except it's only visible within loop(). I gets initialized to 20 only once when the program starts, and only changes if some C++ statement changes it. #3 No need to declare them as global unless they need to be accessed by other functions. #4 Creating another while(1) loop within loop() would be unnecessary and problematic. loop() would block at the new while(1) loop you created. This is a simplified explanation of what goes on with variables in functions (called automatic variables). There is a bit more under the hood that goes on, but I won't get into that. Hope these answered your questions. Craig.

I don't have anymore old analog transceivers I'm willing to tear down. As for how to search with them, you might try internet searching for Ortovox F1 transceiver. It was the industry standard during the 1990s. There are still some out there today and they work well if you are trained properly on how to search with them.

The circuit is quite simple, so not perfect. The current will change slightly as the source voltage changes (up or down), but it's pretty constant. That's the whole point of the circuit, constant current.

Thanks!

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I believe it was a Honeywell SS49E.

@@craighollinger9972 Thank you very much

No need to explicitly initialize ledState, this is done in cstartup() before main() is called. It will be zero (ledState0) when the program starts. Good programming practice would dictate though, ledState be explicitly initialized to zero in the declaration (ie: uint8_t ledState = 0;).

@@craighollinger9972 Thanks for the reply. I didn't know about cstartup(). Why did you specifically initialize the var for LED_DELAY_COUNT? Habit?

@@CollinBaillie ledDelay needed to be a specific value other than zero before the program started. I could have used a statement in main() to initialize it (eg: ledDelay = LED_BLINK_TIME;) but the way I did it is a shortcut. BTW: cstartup() will only initialize global variables (those declared outside of functions) or variables declared as static inside functions.

The magnets in the particular motor I used were stationary, they didn't spin.

No idea. You have a different model from mine. The temperature setting in mine is done in the microcontroller, I suspect same in yours. Maybe there is some setting preventing yours going higher in temperature.

Could do that, might make the frequency lower though.

@@craighollinger9972 Should be able to get pretty close to the full audio range I think. It's doesn't take too long to shift out 8 bits.

The sawtooth waveform and the sine waveform were both produced in the same manner - varying the duty cycle of each pulse by changing how long the timer/counter had to reach the count. The difference between the two waveforms is the number the counter counts up to (the value in the output compare register). With the sawtooth, the number put into the output compare register started at 255 and counted down by one for each pulse, a simple linear change. The values that produced the sinewave came out of a table and the change between successive values changed in a sinusoidal manner. In the two videos linked below, I go into more detail on how to setup a timer/counter. kzbin.info/www/bejne/pGGwf6WXhbyEj9E kzbin.info/www/bejne/haezYmCwhZaMY80 I hope this answered your question.

Hi. I have the exact same problem. Did you ever find a fix for this?

@@user-om9fu6iw5x Unfortunately No

A float variable is just 4 bytes, so declare a variable that is a pointer to uint8_t: uint8_t * char_p;. Make that equal to the address of the float variable: char_p = &float_variable. Now you can use the pointer as an array and sent each byte out the UART: char_p[index]. The variable index is incremented from 0 to 3 to index each of the four bytes. If you want to send an ASCII representation (human readable) of the float variable, you'll have to use a function such as ftoa() and send the string it generates out the UART. As for how to actually do all this, I'll leave that up to you as a homework assignment.

Glad you are getting something out of the videos. Thanks for watching!

Glad you got something out of my video. Good luck on your future endeavors in the ATMEGA world.

Thanks for watching!