A constructivist and an intuitionist walks into a bar. The bartender: "This must be a joke".
@blue_blue-14 күн бұрын
what´s the music good for?
@user-vt6td9hp3g5 күн бұрын
This video is so misleading. Firstly, this is a video comparing constructivist vs non-constructivist. No "classical" mathematician would prove that numbers exist in between using squeeze theorem. That proof is just forcing non-constructivism and is a pretty bad example. See the proof of the fact that irrational power of irrational numbers can be rational. In that case, a non-constructivist proof is extremely simple. Also, this video makes it seem like mathematicians just avoid constructivist math because it's difficult and hard to teach when in reality, the main problem with it is that it cannot prove a significant portion of mathematics. When I say cannot, I don't mean it is difficult, I mean it literally cannot. This was completely ignored.
@petya__9 күн бұрын
I need some explanation. If we select x = 3 and y = 4 then x + y/2 is going to be 5, which is not really in between 3 and 4? Or is it actually (x + y)/2 ?
@subblahh10 күн бұрын
never been here before
@artis.magnae11 күн бұрын
I'd remove the "the" in the title.
@jmw150014 күн бұрын
More like a dozen different types of mathematics. Read a book on philosophy of mathematics. Takes 2 minutes to have more insight than your entire video.
@eblouissement16 күн бұрын
isn't the third question in the quiz a group though? it's closed since it's a cycle, it is associative, 3 is the neutral element (having 3 elements in the loop, adding 3 to n has no effect) and thus each element has an inverse (3, itself, and 1 and 2 are inverses of each other)
@aaronwelson16 күн бұрын
4y ago me was dumb, yeah third question is a group
@Victual8819 күн бұрын
7:24 Cries in PEMDAS
@CorbinSimpsonАй бұрын
This is a good introduction, if a little light. I didn't know that Bauer's "five stages" paper was a response! Note that our construction of the mean still proceeds by axioms: x < y, so x + x < x + y < y + y by adding x and y to both sides of two copies and pasting; then, divide everything by 2 to show x < (x+y)/2 < y. We do the same steps in the proof as in the algorithm; "add x, add y, divide by 2". This is an instance of the Curry-Howard correspondence!
@mihaleben6051Ай бұрын
Either way, its fun
@milanstevic8424Ай бұрын
5:38 "ma-zo-cheest" I'm guessing you meant to say ma-zo-keest ....
@cf6755Ай бұрын
the answer is simple it is impossible to construct a machine hat can simulate it's self faster then real time.this makes sense because with every step of the algorithm it has to simulate multiple steps.and because the simulator is part of the universe it has to simulate itself so it couldn't simulate the universe faster then real time.
@EpicMethGamingАй бұрын
yooo its the toby dog
@SoupMario50Ай бұрын
mhm
@AzideFoxАй бұрын
Hello boyfriend <333
@whatevernamegoeshere3644Ай бұрын
Fittingly my boyfriend sent me this
@IndustrialMilitia2 ай бұрын
A big problem with the Law of Excluded Middle in mathematics is that it is uninformative. Let's say my thesis is: "either 23 divided by 45 plus 86 is equal to 286 or it isn't equal to 286." Within classical logic, this is a tautology and a perfectly valid conclusion. However, what it doesn't tell us is whether this equation does - or does not - equal 286.
@aaronwelson3 ай бұрын
I forgot to do noise suppression, will re-upload in a bit.. maybe
@shadominium62903 ай бұрын
Great video! Underrated content
@Kindlien3 ай бұрын
Another 15 Pounds Congrats!!
@aaronwelson3 ай бұрын
T'was 12 :(
@Kindlien3 ай бұрын
@@aaronwelson that's only 3 pounds left till you can visit the Park! Stay strong 🔥
@josephmalone2534 ай бұрын
I read the question as half as hot and got -8.8C. I didn't understand you meant something else. Im not even sure what you mean now. Choosing room temperature as a midway point is arbitrary and isnt very useful. Why choose room temperature and not some other point say 100°C? I converted Celsius to Fahrenheit, divided by 2, then converted back to Celsius. 0°C =32° -8.8°... = 16°
@aaronwelson4 ай бұрын
I get that the choice of room temperature is arbitrary and a precise choice for the frame of reference to the question would require us to define what exactly we mean by 'cold'. But the problem that I see with farenheit is how would you answer the question : what is twice colder than -17.778 deg Celsius, since that would convert to 0 deg farenheit? What I like about using room temperature as a reference point is that anything below room temperature the general population will regard as cold and anything above will be regarded as hot. In this frame of reference, room temp is set to zero so when u ask what is twice colder than room temp (or half as hot as room temp) the answer is 0/2 = 0, so the answer is still room temp which makes sense because room temp has no "coldness" so there would be no effect by doubling the coldness
@josephmalone2534 ай бұрын
@@aaronwelson Okay cool. Just wondering your location as to whether you what system is used in your area, Celsius or Fahrenheit? Most of my understanding is American based Fahrenheit so maybe different areas have different conventions and thus different understanding.
@josephmalone2534 ай бұрын
@aaronwelson I see that now. I hear you. Your point was this question is ambigous and poorly worded. Please forgive this long reply as I want to address all your concerns: You state we cannot divide 0 by 2 and get usable results. That's why converting to Fahrenheit avoids this problem. Americans borrowed this customary system from Germans for exactly the reasons of avoiding 0. Placing 32 degrees as freezing gives some room before 0 is reached. It would be understood in America what twice as cold is to some extent. The big problems arise when physics or other non casual concepts are involved. I was viewing the problem from the weatherman example as being for public consumption and not higher sciences that are inaccessible to laymen. As such Fahrenheit is admittedly an unusual system such that it was invented to avoid ambiguity by making conversions between Celsius and Fahrenheit easy for boiler mechanics. There was to be an understanding of what half of 0 meant. Sadly it appears this convention did not move from applied math to the classroom. "What is twice as cold as 0 degrees Fahrenheit?" There are two methods, freezing point and pure math. Method 1 We take 64°F to be room temperature. Waters freezes at 32°F so 0°F is twice the freezing point of room temperature. Twice the freezing point is -64 so that is this answer. 32 -2(32) = -64. Method 2 0°F = -17.7...°C -32...°F =-35.5...°C It must be decided whether we are referring to scale in terms of pure math or freezing point. If freezing point is not mentioned then pure math is assumed. Method 2 is most commonly agreed upon. Method 1 takes 32°F as what you call the "middle or neutral number". On a scale it would be tare or the point at which change actually occurs from a solid to a liquid. This number is chosen because it is not arbitrary but fixed by nature. Ignoring slight differences in pressure and humidity 32°F is commonly stated as a fixed value. It does not change. In a perfect model 32°F is frozen water and anything above that liquid water. This is the dividing point for "hot" and "cold" labeled "freezing point of water at normal room pressure and humidy". Freezing point is used in some context usually non weather related such as freezing point of chemicals during the winter, use of additives to make them more stable. For example fuel can turn to jelly in exetreme cold temperatures which is why commercial trucks and airliners use fuel heaters to keep fuel from doing this. High altitudes and freezing weather can ruin a planes performance and cause it to crash, the engines stutter and so on. I read the problem as "what is half the temperature?" or as "twice as cold" meaning "twice this number". The stated metric was Celsius so expect to give the answer in Celsius. Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit is a notation trick to avoid zero from our equation. Once we arrive at the number we want we convert back to Celsius. If 0°C/2 cannot produces results converting to Fahrenheit gives us a workaround we get 32°F/2. Similarly if 0°F/2 occurs we workaround with -17.7...°C/2. Twice as cold means moving left on the number line. We can take this to be subtraction or division. If twice means multiply by 2 and colder means negation of positive direction we multiply by the reciprocal 1/2. Which turns our problem into "multiply temp by the reciprocal of 2 which is 1/2" or simply " divide temp by 2". 0°C = 32°F 0/2 °C= 32/2 °F 0/2 °C= 16°F -8.8...°C = 16°F 0°F = -17.7...°C 0°F/2 =-17.7...°C/2 -32...°F =-35.5...°C Different starting points other than 0 degrees follow similar logic.
@Jungleali4 ай бұрын
Or you could just not watch porn..
@josephkopp58235 ай бұрын
I think it's potentially misleading to depict constructivism as a subset of classical mathematics rather than vice versa. In terms of model theory, it's more accurate to say that classical logic is a model of constructivist logic rather than the other way around, since constructivist logic is more general. That is, classical logic would never reject any constructivist proof, but constructivist logic may reject a classical proof; truths of classical logic are either true or undecidable in constructivist logic, but all truths of constructivist logic are true in classical logic.
@Kropotkino5 ай бұрын
I like.. this...content?
@camcorl79215 ай бұрын
Removing Lem doesn't make it less, it makes it more. Constructive mathematics is a superset of mathematics.
@Johnmc-mq2oe5 ай бұрын
LMAO
@bobross70055 ай бұрын
Halfway through, but it seems pointless and that there’s no reason we would ever want to get rid of the law of the excluded middle.
@sthoopid5 ай бұрын
toby fox jumpscare
@freddiegathercole6 ай бұрын
this is so cool! where is it?
@aaronwelson6 ай бұрын
It's called the Belmont viaduct
@philpollack81406 ай бұрын
Unnecessary music very annoying and distracting - I'm outta here.
@MrBoulayo6 ай бұрын
Actually is a common mistake to believe that in constructive (intuitionist) mathematics you can't do proofs by contradiction at all. The law of excluded middle still there in a softer form: a statement is not either true or false, but it's proved true or not proved true. If you have a proposition A that leads to a contradiction, then you have proved "Not A", even in constructive math. No problem in that. What you can't do is having a proposition "NOT A", that leads to a contradiction and therefore deduce A. This is forbidden in constructive math, because it allows the "theological proofs of existence", without show the object that is claimed to exist. That's because is not " the law of excluded middle" that is not valid, but the counternegative: "not not A", doesn't mean A. In constructive math A is true means that, using axioms, you proved A. "Not A" means that, using axioms, you proved that A can't be proved (and It couldn't be proven even if you add tailor-made axioms that do not lead to contradictions). "Not not A" doesn't mean "A" in constructive mathematics, but it means that, using axioms, you can prove that is impossible to prove that A can't be proved (even by adding tailor made axioms, without leading to a contradiction). It seems a twist tongue, isn't it? The fact that the law of excluded middle isn't valid at all in constructive math is a very common misconception that makes most people rise the eyebrow and refute to use constructive mathematics. It's not about the LEM, it's about what you mean by "true". In constructive math it means "provable", while in classical math it is thought that a statement can be true or false, but maybe not provable with the current set of axioms. That is the problem with classical logic: that metaphisical concept of truth that can trascend the system of axioms you are in.
@MrBoulayo6 ай бұрын
Sorry for eventual mistakes. Typing a long comment from the phone is not ideal.
@rhutshab6 ай бұрын
no bgm pls
@donj22226 ай бұрын
I decline to hear this as the music is too loud!~
@FloydMaxwell6 ай бұрын
"Background" music ruined the video
@JohnsonPea9866 ай бұрын
Can't believe tovy fox create maths
@dedeed25196 ай бұрын
NEW DELTARUNE LEAK LOOKIN' FIRE 🔥🔥
@SoiBoi_Kelda10596 ай бұрын
DF is this amazing little gem of a channel I’ve stumbled upon? Lovely content ❤
@user-oe5eg5qx4c6 ай бұрын
I initially thought that classical logic is a subset of constructive logic, since constructive logic has less inference rules than the classical, thus has the potential to add more non-classical inference rules. But everything accepted by constructive logic also accepted by classical logic, so constructive logic is a subset of classical logic like what this video said.
@dappermink6 ай бұрын
It's not that constructive mathematicians don't believe any statement is either true or false, it's rather that they just don't care. Constructive logic, as its name suggests, is not about truthness but about what you *can* construct (proofs). For instance, the "there exists" symbol in classical maths only means that there theoretically exists such an object but with no guarantee at all that you can find it. While in constructive maths, the only way you have to prove a "there exists" statement is to actually exhibit such an object. This is the same reasoning for the LEM. As a matter of fact, everything you've proven with constructive maths also stands in classical maths, but not the other way around. Having a constructive proof with you is more powerful as it just says more, so that's why you should fallback on classical proofs only when mandatory and when you only care about truth.
@farwhy61286 ай бұрын
idk what the point of the video is but i enjoyed it also nice editing
@santos-pereira6 ай бұрын
Nice material. But instead of wasting your time with that cartoon childish nonsense, focus on your math material. You will be way more prolific.
@fernx59376 ай бұрын
cherry bomb in a random maths video?!??? based .,.,,,
@someone65316 ай бұрын
Can't believe Toby Fox created Math
@annaclarafenyo81856 ай бұрын
You could equally say that classical logic is a subset of constructive logic, by doing a double-negation embedding. It's a huge mistake to claim that something is a subset of something else in math, like, for example "a permutation group is a subset of ALL groups", or, equally, "any group is a subgroup of a permutation group". Both statements are valid. Constructive logic makes manifest the duality between logic and computer programming. Classical logic hides this duality. That's the real difference.
@aaronwelson6 ай бұрын
Yeah, I only learned about this concept a year after I made the video through propositional truncations from type theory. I'm cringing at how many mistakes this video has
@mukhamediyar6 ай бұрын
x = 10, y = 12. Then x + y/2 = 16 > 12 so it is not between x and y?
@dihydrogen6 ай бұрын
they meant (x+y)/2
@nomimino34146 ай бұрын
Am I the only one who'll react that it should be (x + y)/2 not x + y/2 at 7:21? Otherwise interesting Cuz otherwise imagine x = 2. y=3. Then we'd have x + y/2 = 2 + 1.5 = 3.5 which is not inbetween x and y You meant it as (2 + 3) / 2 = 5/2 which is inbetween x and y
@aaronwelson6 ай бұрын
Yeah, (x+y)/2 was my intention. A bit lazy on my end but I was hoping that the parenthesis use would be implicit to the viewers
@nomimino34146 ай бұрын
Sorry for sounding unnecessarily pedantic before (on a vid I've now realized is 2 years old, and someone already pointed it out). I loved the image on 2:22! & thnx for the reply
@johncalvin57546 ай бұрын
Bro are you my clone? why do u have the exact hobbies I have. The only difference I see is that I like programming instead of math (i like it too but less) lol.