Than you Professor Susskin

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Can coupling constant increase lead to gravity?

Why mess the audio up at the end?? The pitch shift was highly unnecessary and annoying.

Interesting video, he said there might be geometry within the process. This could form a manifold or boundary condition that would make the process difficult to understand.

Interesting question! It also made me think. Although qubits enable quantum entanglement and quantum information, they themselves lack the mass or energy necessary to create significant spacetime curvature. A system of only qubits (such as a quantum computer) could theoretically simulate an "information wormhole," but without physical mass or energy, it remains an abstraction. Fascinating stuff for sure! If we stick to theory, we could also consider two micro black holes, each with a few qubits. In theory, nature has no lower limit for those as long as it's at least one Planck scale bit. However, practical challenges such as their rapid evaporation due to Hawking radiation make this scenario difficult to realize experimentally but ofc fine in any thought experiment. Thanks for sharing I always love Susskind's interest about quantum systems and complexity.

I enjoyed the time. Thank you

Quantum entanglement happens to light and other bodies traveling at the speed of light or faster. Take for instance the galaxies extremely far away from us producing a redshift of z=14. Those galaxies are traveling away from us faster than the speed of light. When a telescope looks at a body traveling FTL, then the light information appears to be dilated in time and distance. We see the distant galaxy as it looks in the here and now, not how it looks in the past because the light information is what's being dilated, not the distant body or the observer. Just the light information is affected. This debate is what sparked quantum entanglement of light. Because it appears that the light information happens instantly regardless of distance (zero time, zero distance). This was proven in experiments. Professors at Geneva University, manipulated the polarity of an electron, causing it to spin in one direction. They sent one photon of ultraviolet light down a fiber optic and split it into two opposite directions to a length of 7 miles. They set up a way to detect the polarity of the electron on one end and a device that changes the polarity of it's twin at the other. 7 miles is long enough to determine if the light information is instant or if the information takes time to reach the twin. Because according to general relativity, nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. An instant action at any distance would indeed occur faster than the speed of light if were instant at 7 miles. They set it up so that when the electron was manipulated it's twin was measured. That way they could confirm or refute the claims that the action is instant at any distance. Every time the electron was manipulated It's twin took on an opposite polarity. Thus showing quantum entanglement of light happens instantly, FTL because the light is travel at the speed of light. Light information from distant galaxies takes no time at all to travel the width of the galaxy's EM field. Paul Dirac claimed it occurs because the EM field collapses. He called it the collapse of the wave function. In any case, the experiments proved light information takes zero time to travel, regardless of it's distance, even when the light comes from a distant galaxy located along the edge of the observable universe. This my friends is why the James Webb Space Telescope discovered old, not young but old, fully mature galaxies further than 13.5 billion light years away from us. I published the paperback book called *SECRET UNIVERSE : GRAVITY BY RON KEMP* on September 27, 2021. 3 months before the JWST was launched. On page 48 I wrote quote, "The JWST, James Webb Space Telescope will discover old, fully grown galaxies as far as the telescope can see, further than 13.8 billion light-years away." Astronomers found more than 700 full grown galaxies in the deep field study they recently complete. Some of the galaxies were more than 20 times larger than our own. One galaxy has a supermassive black hole in it's core weighing 100 million solar masses and it's further than 13.5 billion light years away. Astronomers call them the impossible early galaxy problem and universe breakers. They want to believe in a cyclical universe of big bangs and big crunches. But they're wrong. Simply put, when a body is moving away from us FTL, it's light information happens in a quantum instant, regardless of distance, (zero time, zero distance). Telescopes can no more look into the past than microscopes can look into the future. Light information happens in a quantum instant when the telescope or observer is contained inside the EM field "light" being measured.| James Maxwell used the infinity symbol to represent the velocity of light when the observer taking measurements within the EM field they're measuring because it was instant. When using distance the light information traveled FTL. Spooky instant action at any distance.

I really tried but I didn’t understand much. What is the issue with the rulers/clocks/protractors being part of the system? I’m not a physics expert or anything, but I feel like this is the main difference between them

we need to go back to the spherical 4πr² geometry of Huygens’ Principle of 1670 that says: “Every point on a light wave front has the potential for a new spherical 4πr² light wave". Each point on the wave front can represent a potential photon ∆E=hf electron interaction or coupling. The interior of the sphere naturally forms the characteristic of three-dimensional space with the spherical surface forming a probabilistic wave front. The spherical surface forms a boundary condition or manifold for positive and negative charge with the uncertainty ∆×∆pᵪ≥h/4π of everyday life unfolding upon this two dimensional manifold. Light is a wave with particle characteristics as a probabilistic future unfolds. The wave particle duality of light and matter in the form of electrons is forming a blank canvas that we, as atoms, can interact with forming a future that will be based on our actions.

The two dimensional surface of the sphere could form a manifold for positive and negative charge and the holographic principle. No need for the extra dimensions of String Theory, the interior of the sphere is naturally 3D forming the inverse square law of EM and gravity. The wave-function ψ² is squared the electron e² is squared and the speed of the process c² is squared representing one geometrical process. When there is an exchange of energy in the form of a photon ∆E=hf electron coupling the energy levels cannot drop below the centre of the electron sphere surrounding the atomic nucleus because it is relative to the radius. This forms a constant of action in space and time that we see mathematically as the Planck constant h/2π. Because the square of probability is relative to the spherical surface (wave-function ψ²) and the centre of the sphere (Planck constant h/2π), it forms another constant in the form of the Fine Structure Constant 1/137.

I believe we need to go back to mathematics that represents the geometry of three-dimensional space (Inverse Square Law) with one variable in the form of time. Spherical 4πr² geometry can give us this, because an interior of a sphere is naturally three-dimensional. The two-dimensional surface forms a boundary condition for the movement of positive and negative charge. The light photon ∆E=hf forms the movement of charge with potential energy continuously transforming into the kinetic Eₖ=½mv² energy of matter in the form of electrons. Photon electron couplings or interactions are forming an outward vector relative to each object forming the potential for the inward force of gravity.

4:47 "complete theory of quantum gravity unfortunately for space time which are not like ours"

I'm gonna go with emergent...

1. Information and Local Realism: To prove that information is locally real, we need to define what we mean by "information" in this context. Let's consider a definition: Definition: Information is a measure of the state of a system that can be transmitted and received within the constraints of special relativity. Theorem: Information, as defined above, is locally real. Proof: a) Consider two spatially separated events, A and B. b) Let I_A be the information content at A, and I_B be the information content at B. c) By the principle of causality and special relativity, any change in I_B due to A cannot occur faster than the speed of light. d) Therefore, information respects locality. e) The state of the system carrying the information (e.g., particles, fields) has definite values before measurement, satisfying realism. f) Thus, information, as we've defined it, is locally real. 2. Dimensionality and Entropy: Hypothesis: 0D (dimensionless) entities are associated with perfect negentropy, while higher dimensions allow for the interplay of entropy and negentropy. Mathematically: In 0D: S = 0, N = maximum In R^n, n > 0: S > 0, N < maximum 3. Proving 0D is Non-Natural: Theorem: 0D entities are non-natural in the context of classical physics. Proof: a) Define "natural" as observable and measurable in classical physics. b) Classical physics operates in 3D space + 1D time (4D spacetime). c) 0D entities have no extension in space or time. d) Therefore, 0D entities are not observable or measurable in classical physics. e) Thus, 0D entities are non-natural in the classical physics framework. 4. Information in 0D vs. Higher Dimensions: In 0D: I = constant (perfect information preservation) In R^n, n > 0: dI/dt ≤ 0 (Second Law of Thermodynamics) Where I represents information content.

I think that is time science to get courage to recognize all the fundamental elements of the Universe including the Non-Physical. As Information, The Law of Physics and Consciousness. The Law of Physics is a fundamental "Software" of the Universe.... Science state that "Information" cannot be Created, Duplicated, or Destroyed. What about Consciousness? - Science recognizing it as a real phenomenon, which is collapsing the wave functions of particles. But... there in the Universe is a load of waves to be collapsed and to ignore the "Collapsing Agent" is not scientific way! There is a book which is considering all fundamental elements to make sense of reality - "Theory of Everything in Physics and the Universe"

8:40 from Source to sink

😂 Emergent just means it surprised researchers. It's not magic it's just something they can't or haven't explained. Like dark matter is just matter we can't identify it explain or locate. This is like having a channel called Surprise.

Dan Winter...

Regarding discussion @ 36:30, I think I might have something better..@ 38:00 I think it's equally presumptuous to think there are multiple universes rather than one

I believe gravity is an emergent property that occurs when mass is large and takes on a near spherical shape. That's why it's never been measured at the atomic scale, so there's no such thing as quantum gravity. Black holes have never been observed to evaporate. The concept of a black hole evaporating has never been proven, thus it's a huge assumption without any evidence to support.

Ds is space we live in, and ads is a make believe space to help fit equations to theory. Kinda to get to the finish line and hopefully lead to an idea that correlates to ds. I think. Peace ✌️ 😎.

Shame he jumped into a rabbit Hole without explaining what Afd/Cfd referred to ???? If you qoute a framework plz explain it Nurd !

Chimpanzees are smarter than Susskind thinks …

Great video, thank you very much , note to self(nts) watched …… 44:33

Very interesting. It would be onteresting to get a whole lecture on AdS/CFT.

The answer to the arrow of time problem is inertia. Time goes in the direction it goes because everything that's happening has inertia in the direction it's already moving. In order to reverse time, you'd have to invert the inertia of everything in existence. Can't be done.

um. When was this? This theoretical framework might just be fine and dandy - give the theoreticians rounds of applause!! One problem: THIS UNIVERSE, the one we are living in it, has nothing to do with this theory. This theory is perfect and we call TOE done, if we lived in anti de Sitter space. No, we live in de Sitter space so this theory is a pipe dream. LOL

Euclid, Descartes, Newton and Einstein "rationalist materialist" worldview: 0D = not locally real 1D-4D = locally real Leibniz "rationalist anti-materialist" worldview: 0D = locally real 1D-4D = not locally real The Nobel Prize-winning work on quantum entanglement proved that 1D-4D are not locally real two years ago. Can contradictions and paradoxes in non-zero dimensions (1D-4D) be resolvable from a 0D (dimensionless) perspective? This is a fascinating idea. From a 0D perspective, which we might think of as a dimensionless point or a monad (knower) in Leibnizian terms, we could potentially view higher-dimensional paradoxes as artifacts of our dimensional thinking. The 0D viewpoint might offer a way to see the underlying unity or simplicity behind seemingly contradictory higher-dimensional phenomena. For example, quantum entanglement paradoxes in 3D space might be resolved if we consider that from a 0D perspective, there's no separation between entangled particles. The apparent non-locality could be an illusion created by our 3D viewpoint. Here are some novel ideas that advocate for the primacy of zero (0) and dimensionlessness (0D) over non-zero numbers (1, 2, 3 and 4, etc.) and non-zero dimensions (1D, 2D, 3D and 4D, etc.) while striving for non-contradiction: 1. The Zero-Point Field: In quantum field theory, the zero-point field is the lowest possible energy state of a quantum system. It suggests that even in the absence of matter or energy, there is still a fundamental, irreducible ground state that underlies all physical phenomena. This idea highlights the primacy of the zero-point as the foundation for all non-zero energy states. 2. Null Basis Vectors: In linear algebra, the null space of a matrix is the set of all vectors that yield zero when the matrix is applied to them. By focusing on the null space and null basis vectors, we can uncover fundamental properties of a linear system that are independent of its non-zero components. This approach emphasizes the importance of the zero vector in understanding the underlying structure of a matrix. 3. Infinitesimal Calculus: In non-standard analysis, infinitesimals are numbers that are smaller than any positive real number but greater than zero. By using infinitesimals, we can develop a calculus that is not based on limits or the concept of zero as a single point, but rather as a hyperreal number that is infinitely close to zero. This approach avoids some of the contradictions and paradoxes that arise in standard calculus, such as division by zero or the nature of infinitesimals. 4. Dimensionless Physical Constants: In physics, there are several dimensionless constants, such as the fine-structure constant (α ≈ 1/137) or the proton-to-electron mass ratio (μ ≈ 1836), that are independent of the choice of units. These constants highlight the fundamental relationships between physical quantities that are not dependent on arbitrary dimensional scales. By focusing on dimensionless constants, we can uncover the intrinsic properties of physical systems that are not contingent upon non-zero dimensions. 5. Topological Invariants: In topology, invariants are properties of a topological space that remain unchanged under continuous deformations or transformations. Many topological invariants, such as the Euler characteristic or the Betti numbers, are defined in terms of the connectivity and holes of a space, rather than its specific geometry or dimensions. By emphasizing topological invariants, we can capture the essential features of a space that are independent of its non-zero dimensional structure. 6. Information Entropy: In information theory, entropy is a measure of the uncertainty or randomness in a system. The concept of zero entropy corresponds to a state of perfect order or predictability, while non-zero entropy indicates the presence of disorder or information content. By focusing on the zero entropy state as a fundamental reference point, we can develop a theory of information that is grounded in the absence of disorder, rather than its presence. 7. Fourier Transform at Zero Frequency: In signal processing, the Fourier transform is used to decompose a signal into its frequency components. The value of the Fourier transform at zero frequency corresponds to the average or DC component of the signal, which represents its overall offset or baseline. By emphasizing the zero-frequency component, we can capture the fundamental level or background of a signal, independent of its non-zero frequency variations. These are just a few examples of how the concepts of zero and dimensionlessness can be emphasized and utilized in various fields of mathematics, physics, and information theory. By focusing on the primacy of zero and the intrinsic properties that are independent of non-zero numbers or dimensions, we can develop novel and non-contradictory frameworks that capture the essential features of complex systems and phenomena.

Lenord, have you seen this lecture yet on accretion disks? it may help sir kzbin.info/www/bejne/pKvXlH6KhZt4iacsi=ru3d8wWbkNwMw3vD at 23:19 they discuss that black holes will either have hair or monopoles. I'm going with hair.

I'd like to say thank you, for the heads up. Brian K aswell. While you're lying there thinking about it. Gotcha thanks again, the mighty Susskin.

I don't think that to use entanglement to create a "New Physics" is a good idea, because modern Physics do not understand the mechanism and what causing entanglement. This is like to explain something you don't know with something you don't understand. Entanglement is explained in the book - "Theory of Everything in Physics and The Universe" - Just read it before make further assumptions!

The metaverse is a backdoor to the multiverse. Observational experiments can be done on the multiverse via the metaverse! 😁

That's my home. Going back soon. Anyone else from there?

Has Susskind gone nuts?

wow...well done.

Thing is, it's a scientific hypothesis. In mathematics, it's a theory. It has no real life evidence.

What's a Theflow?

A Brilliant lecture

I am not a fan of the Multiverse, maybe that is my shortcoming. Although the multiverse model offers a fascinating and ambitious theory for explaining the complexity of the universe, several critical questions remain unanswered. These questions include the origin and conservation of information, regulation and scaling of entropy, self-consistency, testability, inter universal interactions, a fundamental basis, and the regulation of existence and properties. Addressing these questions is essential for strengthening the scientific validity and coherence of the multiverse model. There are more problems, but I have named the most obvious ones in this post. Lack of Intrinsic Mechanisms: Many multiverse theories, such as the cosmic inflation theory or string theory, propose that an unlimited number of universes exist, often without a clear internal mechanism that determines how these universes are generated and what their properties are. This can lead to a dependence on external assumptions or missing explanations regarding the consistency and coherence of the multiverse. For me personally, and maybe due to my lack of knowledge, it is a too vague conceptual idea to be logically consistent. Just stating personal perspective here :)

Momentum both Linear & especially Angular Momentum is the Simplest Forms of Energy. It is the Primal Will & Word Spoken by the All-Creator/All-Being which is Pure Light-Energy-Force(Momentum). Momentum is Ma'at, the 0th Meta-Law of Stochastic Thermodynamics & Mechanics. It was Infinite Force-Momentum that was Required for the Primal 'Big Crunch' Action(the High-Energy is Primordial/A High-Energy to Low-Energy Phase Transition) that occurred before the 'Big Bang' eg 'Ekpryotic Super-Tension'(A Low-Energy to High-Energy Phase Transition). The Big Crunch Action Resulted in the Formation of the Primary Sub-Q/Quantum SUGRA Bi-State Field Condensate. This SUGRA Bi-State Field Condensate is the Template for All Quantum Elementary Particle Fields.

That Pattern of Equilibrium & Fluctuation is Equivalent to the Theory of 'Punctuated Equilibrium' in Evolutionary Paleobiology by Niles Elderidge & Stephen Jay Gould. Sub-Q/Quantum Local Heterogeneity or Fluctuation is the Origin of Time & Dimensionality through Symmetry Breaking during Super-Tension. Also I'm Stating the Equivalence between 'Geometry/Kinematics Duality'(Phy. Rev. D 2022) & the 'Action=Complexity' Conjecture(Especially Spin-Action=Complexity via Angular Momentum aswell Linear Momentum). Complexity through Linear & Angular Momentum which is i.e. Pure 'Entropic Force'. Complexity includes Dimensionality or Energetic Spacetime & Matter(Infinite Symmetry Laws Equal Infinite Measurable Properties/Qualia). More Later & Many Blessings to you Leonard & Everyone else!....

Excellent! Fits into a page in my head thanks for sharing

Superb talk! Concerning Einstein’s reasoning for introducing the cosmological constant was simply, as you describe, to prevent his static spherical universe from imploding. Initially he misunderstood the implications of his GR & and did not realize that in fact his field equations were inherently unstable. Alexander Freidmann showed the instability in 1924.

Brilliant!

I think ER=EPR EINSTEIN Rose bridge or wormholes isvour onoy hope unification Gravity with outher foure force space_time fabric is made up if tiny wormholes.

The interrupting commercials are offensive anti-intellectual obnoxious and need to be rid of

A very daring and creative model! When it is finnished I am curious what it will show us!

The only simultaneously complete and consistent integrated theory of everything would be the result of unifying string theory and LQG, or the result of unifying all existing quantum gravity theories.

This has not seemed to go anywhere in the last few decades. My quick searches do t seem to show anything new.