The expansion was discovered in 1929. All the great physicists in the last century did not postulate dark energy. Electricity is drawn towards potential and the universe as a whole behaves the same way. Electricity comes into our homes because the neutral circuit provides the potential. We don't postulate some force that compells to electrons to flow when the neutral circuit is connected and we should not postulate some force driving the expansion. If something accelerates at a constant rate it will get faster and faster. If a spaceship travels at a constant 1g acceleration rate it would achieve about 95% light speed in 1 year. Nothing changed in 1998. The fact that the expansion is accelerating is what the known laws of physics would predict provided gravitational forces are not strong enough to counteract the process. All studies to find dark energy have been fruitless because it doesn't exist. To say there is dark energy is to say there are 5 fundamental forces, there are 4.

Relativity does not predict singularities when dilation is factored in. There is no Schwarzchild radius according to Schwarzchild. He was publicly corrected multiple times and knew he was wrong. Einstein didn't agree with a lot of the math you are referring to. He thought the math didn't accurately describe physical reality. It's not his math. His math is represented in the relativistic dilation graph. X amount of velocity = X amount of dilation/gamma. The mass in our galactic center is dilated. This means that it exists in a "non local" state from the vantage point of an Earthbound observer. In other words it's not just there, it's everywhere. It's the elephant in the room explanation for dark matter. 99.8% of the mass in our solar system is in the sun. 99.9% of the mass in an atom is in the nucleus. This indicates 100's of trillions of solar masses in the centers of common spiral galaxies. Gravitational forces in our galactic center would be astronomically higher if it wasn't for dilation.

Relativity does not predict singularities when you factor in dilation. Einstein repeatedly spoke about this. Nobody believed in singularities/black holes when he was alive. There is no Schwarzchild radius according to Schwarzchild. He was publicly corrected multiple times and knew he was wrong. Einstein wrote in 1939 - "The essential result of this investigation is a clear understanding as to why the Schwarzchild singularities (he was the first to raise the issue of Relativity predicting singularities) do not exist in physical reality. Although the theory given here treats only clusters (star) whose particles move along circular paths it does seem to be subject to reasonable doubt that more general cases will have analogous results. The Schwarzchild singularities do not appear for the reason that matter cannot be concentrated arbitrarily. And this is due to the fact that otherwise the constituting particles would reach the velocity of light." He was referring to dilation. It's the phenomenon our high school teachers were talking about when they said "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light". This doesn't mean mass increases, it means mass becomes spread throughout spacetime relative to an outside observer. Time dilation is just one aspect of dilation, it's not just time that gets dilated. Even mass that exists at 75% light speed is partially dilated. It occurs wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass. This includes the centers of very high mass stars and the overwhelming majority of galaxy centers. The mass in our own galactic center is dilated. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is smeared through spacetime. In other words that mass is all around us. It's the "missing mass" needed to explain galaxy rotation curves. Dilation doesn't occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they don't have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. It has been confirmed in 6 ultra diffuse galaxies including NGC 1052-DF2 and DF4 to have no dark matter. In other words they have normal rotation rates.

Can you please put link of some publishded articles dealing with this topic in your description section? I am an undergrad physics student. I found intriguing.