Kroum, I hope your Summer plans are all going forward- we will miss you, and when you get back surely you will give us a "Been there, Done that" on your trip and findings!

Hi sir, I enjoy your lectures. Now some questions. 1: the seats of ease. I have several of the 'Anatomy of the Ship' books, and some will show the seats of ease at the bow on the gratings under the bowsprit (Quite the place during any weather, no doubt). One shows them being in some sort of bulge about halfway around the bow. One shows the captains cabin having his, I guess, at the rear corners of his cabin at the stern. The rest don't show them at all. I guess these ships were only for constipated crews. Another question. I watch a lot of videos on building model ships and the generally plank with about 6mm or 1/4 inch wide planks. Especially the deck. Now say a 1:100 scale model with 6mm planks on the model would be 600 mm wide planks, would be about 24" wide. Are these planks chosen for looks or some other reason? Thanks for your lectures.

After viewing your video, Kroum, I can see why Frank L. Fox was so disappointed with John McKay's interpretation of the framework of HMS Sovereign of the Seas in his latest book. It appears he used 18th century framing style in his interpretation of an early 17th century vessel.

Bravo!! Excellent!!👍👍

Best wished on your archaeological trip back to the Black Sea, Kroum!

Excellent presentation! Learned a lot.

part 3"""

In many ways deep water sailing ships were the high tech of their day

THANK YOU Kroum Batchvarov for a most interesting lecture! This is SO useful to us model builders. ❤😍

Thank you for another very interesting video.

Thankyou.

Dear Kroum, the last three lectures have been my personal favourites. Otlichno! Allow me to ask a question: You stated that the introduction of the double frame cannot be dated exactly. What is your opinion about the transition from the old system? Could it be that the transition started by connecting the previously separated timbers into a freestanding "half-filled" double frame? And later on, the zig-zag pattern was completely filled? Or does one has to imagine a switch over to the new approach, without intermediate stages? Best regards, Torsten

Would the anchor chocks be fastened with trunnels or iron spikes? And what type of wood would the trunnels be?

Thank you for your insights on this topic. I have a question I would like to ask, concerning you knowledge of old ships, there is a hype in the ship model building community concerning the San Felipe I think a Spanish warship. Was this ship ever built?

Tks!

Thank you, I really appreciated it!

I worked for some years at Rockport Marine in the State of Maine in the US. During that time we built three ships intended as 'replicas'. None were replicas in the sense of the replicas built by the Viking Ships Museum in Roskilde. One, the Godspeed, was built to replace a ship at the Jamestown historical village. We used tropical hardwoods and bronze fastenings extensively, in the hope that she would last longer than her predecessor. Her lines were more that of an Elisabethan galleon, than a typical merchant ship of the time. I was astounded how well she tacked, even in light airs. One reads of ships of this period having to wear round due to little ability to tack. Astoundingly easy to sail. We had one person experienced with the rig on each mast and the rest of the crew were the builders. The second vessel was the Discovery, also intended to be representative of a vessel of the early 1600's.designed by William Baker. She was less sleek, underwater and above, and perhaps more typical of the period. Again, compromises had to be made to make her last longer and be Coastguard compliant as they had to carry passengers.. The third vessel, the Lynx, was intended to be a recreation of a War Of Eighteen Twelve privateer. Again, compromises were made by the designer Melbourne Smith, though she was based on plans made by the Admiralty of the origional vessel. All three vessel would look correct, even to historians who were not maritime specialists. It's difficult to get funding to build exact replicas with the original building methods. The two older designs were closer to correct in construction details. We used trunnels to assemble the futtocks and forelock bolts to fasten the chainplates. We did use screws on the planking. The Lynx has travelled extensively on both coasts of the US and out to Hawaii. The other two, alas, as is the way of museum ships, have stayed close to their home ports for the most part. Was the Elizabethan Galleon built specifically for piratical pursuits and very different to a conventional cargo ship of the time? One reads about superior speed and manoeverability--but Drake, Raleigh and the Armada is such an mythic and emotionaly charged part of British history that I'm sure most accounts of the craft involved are less than reliable

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Sloop of war

Full agreement on the beauty of mid georgian ships with friezes and carvings, vs the utter uglyness of that dreadfull 'bumblebee' paintscheme and and napoleonic looks. I am sad to see how often Victory and her napoleonic colours have 'inspired' so many in film, games and media to assume the dalton-gang-prison-clothes paintjob is perfect for the whole 18th c.

Great video! I miss the construction principles that they used at 'De Maze " warf in Rotterdam though . I think they used 'op centen' method of construction.

how old is the model? where ws it built?

Having understood that you will be a bit scarce on You Tube, I hope your researches and studies will bring you back with even more of the story of man and sail.

Will you do a video on masting?

Do you learn anything from commenters?

I am so glad to finally know the etymology of futtock (foot hook). Thanks! So far I couldn't help but assume it was like fuð : butt = futtock : buttock. I hope those who read Old Norse (or modern Scots, or Bavarian) will forgive me for the comment.

Thank you for starting this sequence of videos on framing: There is nothing in naval architecture that I was more curious about and have questions about than framing in the 17th century. However, the pictures you show worry me, because they do not match what I thought was scholarly consenus on the topic. After watching your video a couple of times, I came to the conclusion that nothing that you actually say is in conflict with what I thought is academic consensus, so maybe it's just the pictures that are giving *me* the wrong impression. The drawing you show starting ca. at 5:00 shows something close to the stylized framing of English Admiralty models -- alternating frames consisting of floor timber + upper futtock and lower futtock + toptimber (in the case of four-part frame bends), with alternating *gaps* as we go up a frame bend/pair. I am concerned about these gaps, not the space gaps on the longitudinal dimension that you discuss starting ca. at 10:40. It is my understanding that the consensus is that at least the larger English warships (i.e. those that we typically see represented by Admiralty models) were never actually framed like this, even if some smaller ships (other than two- and three-deckers) may have come close for a limited time period. If you look at the English 1677 construction programme, as evidenced in the wreck of the Anne and original documents for the 1677 program (such as scantling lists and building contracts, some of which go into the dimensions of scarphs for the frame timbers -- connecting them bottom to top, necessarily without gaps), the framing was clearly different: Every frame bend consisted of a pair of frames, one consisting of floor timber+middle futtock+top timber and the other of lower+upper futtock., with no vertical gaps between timbers at all, and port and starboard lower futtocks touching and resting on the keel. Every third frame bend had the frame pair linked; the fill-frames consisted of two frame bends (pairs) that were separated, spaced out, and "free-standing", without vertical gaps. So, moving longitudinally, you’d see a sequence of a double frame, four single frames, a double frame, four single frames, etc. each resting on the keel and without gaps from keel to the top end of each frame. [With some slight longitudinal offsetting to align upper futtocks and toptimbers with the sides of the gunports where this was easily possible.] It is my understanding that this was universal for at least the 20 two-deckers of the 1677 programme, and given that so many dockyards and master shipwrights were involved, it must have reflected practice that extended much beyond that programme. Could you cover in a video how far Admiralty/Navy Board model framing is stylized or was ever implemented in actual ships? I'd love to see a framing plan of Vasa as built, if you have one. Haven't been able to get the books you recommended on Vasa yet, and don't know if they contain one. Which was the easier side to shoot a cannonball through, port or starboard? Just asking in case the Swedes put Vasa back into service to renew the Thirty Years' War or the potop szwedzki.

Thank you very much!!!

Does this design hold for Dutch Fluyt or fluitschips? I had heard they were constructed differently and more cost effectively.

Which woods would they prefer for futtocks and logging knees? Good luck in the field .Those waters may be getting unnecessarily turbulent.

Thank you very much, Kroum Batchvarov 💙💛✌️

Thank you! May you have good luck in your field work! One hopefully quick question: did framing practices change much from the late 16th century to the early 17th?

Best description of framing I have seen!! Thank you!!👍👍👍

Thank you for your video, and success with your excavation!

Thank you, as usual:)

Thankyou.

was the wind power not a factor? i heard the windmills running sawmills among other devices was a contributing factor as well. you mentioned the wood and other resources needed to make the ships, i will have to watch your other vids. thank you for sharing

Gaspar Monge developed "descriptive geometry" and technical drawing about 1781. Before that, rule of thumb ruled!

Thank you for bringing up this topic. Some 20 years ago I started creating CAD drawings for Chapman's Bellona frigate series, specifically the Camilla, but unfortunately lost access to AutoCAD which I was using for the task. Do you have any suggestion for software to use? Which software is used in the Video? At some stage, I'd like to pick up on this project again!

More, please !

Thank you for the video. Curious what was the software you’ve used?

Nice Cad rendition. Thanks for today's topic!

Please continue, sir. For me, you are explaining the equivalent of a Space Shuttle in that time. As an aside, some comments on why some shapes are bad sailors and others are good ones?

Thank you!! Another great presentation!!👍👍👍

Fascinating!!!👍👍👍

Thank you Dr.Batchvarov wishing you a enjoyable,interesting and productive field season.

As always, thank you my friend!!! Well done!

When did half modeling become a design tool? Good luck with your fieldwork. I am looking forward to any field footage you put out.

Never has being victimized been such a pleasant experience. Thank you once again for an enlightening lecture!