That's great to hear thank you so much for the kind words! We're rolling out a lot of new content in July/August so if there is anything you'd be particularly interested in learning more about then let us know and we can see how we can incorporate it!

@@HarwellXPS I'd be interested in learning more about each component, its function, and the underlying principles. Specifically, how do the X-ray source, vacuum chamber, electron analyzer, and detector work together to collect the XPS data? While I'm going through your data analysis course, a course on instrumentation would be very valuable to me and my colleagues.

Thanks Mohammad, unfortunately we had an issue with our website. We're working on fixing it and are adding a lot more content in the process!! We're sorry it is unavailable right now but we are trying to fix it ASAP!

Hi Cecile, merged files allow you to easily compare spectra, copy or propagate fit models and quantify large datasets as opposed to looking at individual scans

If you want to keep the same peak ratio, you just need to make sure the peak area constraints have the correct equation (e.g. for doublets you want the correct area ratio, if you are locking 2 components based on stoichiometry then you can type "lock" without the quote marks into one of the area constraint boxes and it will force all of the components to stay in the current ratio. Then just use the "copy all" function, move to the vamas block where you want to copy the components to and then use "paste replace". Components should now be in your new region.

@@HarwellXPS It works when I transfer copied components to another sample file (or vamas block). But I would like to copy the same ratios of components to another region for the same sample within 1 element. - meaning next to the copied components in the same graph. Binding energy will be different, hence the peak position will change. When I do `copy all` from 1 st region, and click on the 2nd region, then paste it, the pasted components don't show up in the desired region.

@@vagbe OK I see. So you want to make sure you're components are all locked. Then, copy and paste to make the duplicate. Then, go to the main column of the newly copied data (e.g., if you have 2 peaks, and column D is locked so that FWHM, Area = C*1, position = C+1 - then you need to edit column C). Change the position constraints so that they span a large range (e.g. just put (0, 1000) for now). Then you can move the peaks to the correct region, either by clicking and dragging the peak maxima - or by manually inputting a new position into the 'position' box. Then, when the peaks are in the right place you can edit the position constraint again to give a smaller window (e.g. if you moved the peaks to 284 eV, change the constraints to 283, 285). If you fit the peaks first, and you are happy with the position, you can also type '#X' into the position constraint box, without the apostrophes. X is an interger that will give you a constraint of current position +/- X.

FWHM will depend on instrument/experiment parameters and is not something you would just predict. You typically just allow FWHM to vary and fit the data based on the peaks present. Cobalt is a very hard element for a beginner to fit, since it does not produce typical peaks. See the article attached for more info. Mark Biesinger has done a lot of fantastic work developing methods for fitting Cobalt and other transition metals. www.harwellxps.guru/knowledgebase/cobalt/

If you click 'edit mode' on the top toolbar then the blocks will display a name for each sample. You can then double click on the name to change it. Hope that helps! 👍

@@HarwellXPS yes, it worked! Thank you! I've just started using casa yesterday. I have additional question. For C, N, O creating baseline by shifting regions works just fine. But with cobalt it is a completely different story. The Shirley baseline crosses over the measurement graph. I understand that the Shirley baseline separates Co 2p1/2 and Co 2p3/2 regions, but between these ranges, the baseline should only touch the measurement line, not cross over it. Do you know how to move it down?

@Ben Lokis yes casa is not always great at putting the automatic baselines in for transition metals/doublets. If you open 'Quantify' (press f7) this will open the region menu. You can zoom into the area by drawing a box around the peaks and clicking in the box - you can adjust the edges of the regions by clicking and dragging the verticals sides of the boxes left and right with the REGIONS tab open in the Quantify window. This works on survey/wide scans and in high resolution peaks too.

I need your help to analyse them Give your mail id

Interesting question - using a wide scan is reliable as you can be sure there is no instrumental drift and all peaks are run under the same conditions (plus these are typically run at a higher pass energy so signal is maximised) - but of course higher resolution scans will be a more accurate representation of the area (provided the background is modelled correctly of course). If you are confident that the sample remains unchanged and there is no instrument drift then you can quantify from HR spectra most definitely. I'd suggest looking at both as they should be very similar - if they are very different then you might have some experimental problems! We often run surveys before and after HR scans to ensure there has been no changes during analysis (either sample degradation or instrument changes).

Also - using the wide scan, casa has an easy function for estimating errors. It's still possible to do this with HR scans but not as simple (perhaps a new video for us!)

Final state effect. Briefly, after photoemission the unpaired electron may align its spin parallel or anti-parallel to its orbital angular momentum vector giving rise to two possible final states of different total energies.

@@HarwellXPS I would agree. but how and why does the photoelectron care about the remaining electron?

Thanks for the feedback Omkar! We've recently expanded our beginner videos to try and make things easier to follow. Perhaps you would like to have a look at the full course now online (for free) here: www.harwellxps.guru/knowledge-base/xps-for-beginners-full-course/

Possibly the Schofield library, but best to check with the experimental officer