I didn't watch the whole video but I think his presence or not has nothing to do with mathematical equations. The answer is simpler. If the same animals [fauna? ] that lived in that particular time period as the paranthropus that lived in the areas where he was found also exists in the other area, then it makes sense that he was also present there at that time.

The idea of somehow thinking you can exclude the presence of a thing which could plausibly be present at some point at an undefined level is silly.

It's a shame India's ancient cultures hasn't been studied more. Main stream Archeologists don't seem to want to bother. In my humble opinion.

It's a shame the United States Advanced Paleolithic is a cover-up !

Excellent presentation. Not my alley [older, N-vs-MH, non-DNA/non-isotopic], but I learned much now of interest. [Beyond how D.J. opened, I also appreciated your IMHO sufficiently-quick-light survey of the field.] I'm curious if there is any 'seasonality' that can be determined for the northern-most 'outlier' sites, or the others too, I guess. I suppose such a cold-weather-era baseline would be problematic, but a less obvious approach might lead to not needing that first. Maybe. [*Amateur]

Great to hear from Dr. Ndiema

Umm couldn't listen any umm longer umm.

Off topic perhaps but given the audience I wondered if anybody has seen any research into the evolution of ethnic cleansing. My interest is mainly in later Sapien ethnic cleansing and the evolution of the ability of societies to excuse it. To make it acceptable in their own minds. Its seems that Sapiens see it when unrelated people do it but not when they or related people or people they identify with do it. It seems that as the intellect becomes more complex there is an advantage in evolving a sort of congenital moral blindness. Obviously, we will never know the excuses of the past, but can we see any evidence of how it occurred. For example, there seems to be a system in play. The newcomers arrive. The older population and the newcomers coexist for a time. Then some new comers get scalped or whatever and then the older population is destroyed. So: 1.Arrival 2.Coexistence 3.Reaction 4.Destruction I wondered if there is any research into this at earlier stages in human evolution. Can we see these 4 stages in the fossil or genetic record.

excellent presentation!

Look at Peter Zeihan's analyses on why Russia is conducting this war.

If humans prefer eating animal food with higher calories, namely, food supplied by animals larger than ourselves, what happens in the case of a) “desert islands’ where there are no large animals, or b) the Australian continent where every land animal larger than humans died out after humans arrived? Wouldn’t that change the equation?

Interesting information, the presentation was unfortunately not very well delivered. It’d be a shame if this information doesn’t get the attention it deserves because there has been no consideration of how it’s presented. I’d suggest looking at how Dr. Lee Burger and his team communicates with the public, he’s a great example of how good science communication can help support the work.

There's no way to know if the two cavers in 2013 were the first peole to get in there. But the simplest is usually the best....why would a primate that primitive do all that? I don't believe these creatures were any more than australopithecines.

Brilliant area of research, that seems to have been ignored. Evidence revealing the intelligence of early peoples has long been ignored. You go Girl!!!

Human behavior would be predictable at a high level if western society and its academic set up (Archaeology included), take into consideration the scale of human means and methods over time or even just the last 100 years. The field only looks at western approved societies and disregards so many experiences that result in behaviors over time thats out of your view. Look at the African American struggle for equality from Jim Crow until todays Black Lives Matter movements. What behaviors can you generalize have brought the larger group through? Sure they had their own networks, yet how have those networks helped them? Poor health outcomes, continued racism, etc. These discussions don’t really plant themselves in reality, but then you will accuse me and those who think like me as not understanding how you are characterizing this process. Tell us this, at a 40,000 foot view level, how has the behavior of humans traveling and migrating as a condition of our survival been disrupted with the advent of political and economic boarders in place? You academic methods don’t consider the behaviors that lead to terrarium and social break down. What about human behavior explains poverty in a time of plenty or allowing AI to manage our lives when we have not solved the challenges that come with social media behaviors? Have we seen such wholesale shifts and adaptations? What’s the purpose of this work you are doing? How does this improve the lot of a young person with talent being stuck in a network that does not see them?

similar and relates to work by Geoffrey West at Santa Fe

A well structured and intetesting lecture. Thanks.

After reading so much about DNA I fail to see that it has anything to do with evolution also the initial living reproductive cells could not of come into being on their own join mewe groups Darwinian Revolution another billiondollar blockbuster against breast cancer. Immunex in Seattle (acquired by Amgen) produces an mAbbased drug called Enbrel, which fights rheumatoid arthritis, a condition associated with the presence of excessive amounts of a particular protein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), involved in regulating the immune system. Enbrel works by capturing 83 -----**DNA**----- by **James D. Watson,** and **Andrew Berry** This is available on LibbyMatthew 11:28 Come to Me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.

We really need to the filters and let the younger generation come in a reform without influence of the past generation. One judge the next free from beliefs of the last. It Would be very exciting for the field and for recruiting for the work.

Really enjoyed this fascinating talk.

Excellent discussion of a vital topic... What it seems to boil down to (in my opinion) is - just how "human" were the Neanderthals (and Denisovans?)... It seems more and more likely (with each new archaeological find) that the Neanderthals painted on cave walls, buried their dead (or at least eventually learned to do so), and they made clothing and footwear, not to mention their beautiful spear points and chopping tools. Thank you for your excellent work in this regard!

Thank you!

First clothing examples don't appear until 37:00 minute mark, 2/3's of the way through if you want to skip past the chaff.

Personally, my experience has been that women look the most "human" with no clothes, and once you start adding clothes, men and women become harder to tell apart.

I agree, very interesting topic and listened to the end, but a great pity about the "umms". They definitely reduce the enjoyment of the video. Especially as she seemed to be well on top of her subject.

Really bad microphone/acoustics. I want to listen to her words but I'm missing at least half of it.

This was fascinating. I'm glad KZbin recommended this to me. Thank you for your time and research!

Wonderful

On the effect of footwear on foot skeleton...different types of footwear have different effects. What happens when you wear shoes depends on what kind of shoes...

I enjoyed hearing directly from this data miner at the face of the great gene-pit. We have a much more complicated history than we assumed until recently. Looking forward to more updates as the flow of results builds. I too am very puzzled by the X and Y chromosome information. It doesn't fit with any preconception or simple model. I hope we understand it in my lifetime.

-- note: Isnt it true that all H neandertalensis footprints so far identified are all bare footed impressions?

-- Great topic and good presentation! I do note the barrel chested discription of H neandertalensis in perhaps inaccurate as they had bell shaped rib cage and it is H sapiens that has the barrel shaped or cyliderical shaped rib cage. Keep up the good work and i look forward to continued discussions on this topic. 👍

Interesting topic! 🎉

She has spent a long time studying and considering the arcs of thought relating to her topic, which was very interesting. Post graduates should be given skills in spoken presentations.

Sorry, I couldn’t take the “umms” at the beginning of nearly every sentence. Interesting topic but I bailed out early.

Could they use feathers?

Cook was a monstrous invader.

Fascinating work. Thanks for looking for the not-obvious and clarifying that biodegradable materials were important. Previous generations used the fact that only stone tools survived to say that only meat was consumed, completely ignoring biodegradability as a process. I’m looking forward to much more of this type of archaeological research. As you said, it will greatly broaden our knowledge of ancient life and technology. I hope someone soon finds evidence of their fiber work-baskets etc.-as well. I wish you much funding! Thank you.

btw, the name, Ceren Kabukcu, should be in the title

I wonder if diversity of plant food items increases over time or decreases....? In historic times, diversity has decreased for some places and some types of plants.

So all you had was a 40 x magnifying available...fine! ... I don't need you to quote other people's work to defend the fact that all you had was a 40 x Geez! ...Hello American Ego-Death. It's alright I know some British guys that are So smug they would turn her into a street girl 😂

Fascinating. These guys are such a puzzle. They may be derived from a separate group of habilis/rudolphensis or even a direct descendant of Australopithicus. Could you imagine a separate line from Australopithecus to Homo, parallel but different from habilis to erectus and so on. Man, I hope they can get DNA!

I've always wondered of all the ways to get energy from direct sources why select one so complex that requires so illusions and compes sensory systems? The amount of this energy is used up in so many irrelevant way.

I picture them being chased in there and smoked out with fire no tools left behind for this type of fire.Happening over and over

Sorry we can't take what you say seriously because your a white male.

Bothers me somewhat how many botch the origin of this discovery. She does.

Thanks 👍

Many thanks for your support

Many thanks for your support

May I Ask; What Is General Consensus In This Field About The Geological Distribution Of Lower Paleolithic Technologies?