The concept of time as a psychological side effect of observing change is an intriguing philosophical and scientific question. Here's a deeper look at this idea: Psychological Perspective: From a psychological standpoint, time is indeed a construct that humans use to make sense of the sequence and duration of events. Our perception of time can vary depending on our mental state, attention, and experiences. For instance, time may seem to fly when we're engaged in an enjoyable activity and drag when we're bored or waiting. Philosophical Perspective: Philosophers have long debated the nature of time. Some, like Immanuel Kant, argued that time (and space) are forms of human intuition-ways in which we structure our experiences. According to this view, time does not exist independently of our perception of it. It's a framework we impose on the world to make sense of change and causality. Physical Perspective: In physics, time is treated as a fundamental dimension, similar to space. The theory of relativity shows that time is interwoven with space into a four-dimensional spacetime continuum, where the passage of time can vary relative to the observer’s state of motion or position in a gravitational field. This suggests that time has an objective existence independent of human perception. Neurological Perspective: Neuroscience explores how our brains perceive time. Specific brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia, are involved in time perception. Our sense of time can be influenced by neural processes, suggesting that while our perception of time is a product of brain activity, it might not entirely define time itself. In summary, while time as we experience it can be seen as a psychological effect of observing change, there is a broader scientific consensus that time also has an objective aspect independent of our perception. Our subjective experience of time might be a side effect of how our brains process and understand change, but this doesn't negate the possibility of time's existence as a fundamental dimension of the universe.

Time is a psychological side effect of observing change..

is time travel to past future really possible and how i want to do it i am from india please help me

Thanks! But I wouldn't call this bending of time a time travel. It's just bending of processes. But in case of the real time travel twins would haven't met each other, being always some time apart, even 1 second. But I don't believe in such time travel either. But I do believe that characters of the movie can travel back and forward in time if viewer rewinds this video cassette. But they wouldn't notice that. With some exception: John Wheeler's Delayed Choice Experiment, where characters are aware of changes, made to the scenario

I've been saying that "Dark Matter and Dark Energy don't exist" since 2022. We've spent almost a century to find Dark Matter and Dark Energy but still there's no sign of them. No matter what we try, a thing which doesn't exist can't be found. May be it is time to find an Alternative Way to Explain Dark Matter and Dark Energy. 4-D Hypershere model of Universe can easily explain Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Void and even the reason why the measurement values of Expansion Rate are around 70 km/sec-Mpc. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Gravity, Void and Antigravity, ... all these are same phenomena. They just look different. I agree to the idea that the interaction between mass and space must be explained with quantum mechanics. But that doesn't mean gravity is the QM phenomena. That's because gravity is not a force. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Gravity, Antigravity, Void... all these are just joint effects of the expansion of the Universe and the curvature of spacetime. Details are given below. Einstein’s theory of General Relativity states that spacetime is curved by the presence of mass. This curvature influences the motion other objects with mass and gives rise to gravitation. Thus, gravity is a result of geometric features in spacetime. However, we also observe gravitational effects - curvature of spacetime - in areas without any detectable mass. This has given rise to the concept of dark matter, which is matter that does not interact in any detectable way with normal matter, except through gravity. So, there is some large quantity of dark matter scattered throughout the universe, which curves spacetime and causes gravitational effects just like normal matter, but we cannot see or detect it with any known method. An alternative theory to the identity of dark matter is proposed - it is not matter at all, but rather an intrinsic curvature of spacetime. In other words, spacetime is not naturally flat. Even in the absence of matter, we observe some inherent curvature of spacetime. So, the question is now - why is spacetime naturally curved? Why is it not flat in the absence of mass? The universe is 4-dimensional, with 3 spatial dimensions and one dimension in time. Rather than consider time as a linear dimension, we can consider it as a radial one. Therefore, rather than describing the universe with a Cartesian coordinate system, we describe it with a 4-dimensional spherical coordinate system - 3 angular coordinates, φ1, φ2, φ3, and one radial coordinate in time, t. We live on the 3-dimensional surface of a 4-dimensional bubble which is expanding radially in time. Thus, the Big Bang represents t=0, the beginning of time. The crucial point is that the expansion of the universe is not homogeneous in all directions. The expansion rate at one point on the bubble’s surface may differ slightly from another point near it. The universe is only roughly spherical in 4 dimensions, the same way that the Earth is only roughly spherical in 3 dimensions. The same way we observe local mountains and valleys on the surface of Earth, we observe local “mountains” and “valleys” on the surface of the universe bubble. The inhomogeneity of the expansion of the universe has given rise to natural curvature of spacetime. This natural curvature causes the phenomenon of “dark matter”. “Valleys” in spacetime pull matter in, similarly to the warping of spacetime of massive objects. So “dark matter” is really “valleys” in spacetime that are expanding slower than the regions surrounding it. These valleys tend to pull matter in and create planets, stars, and galaxies - regions of space with higher-than-average densities of mass. Conversely, “mountains” in spacetime will repel matter away, an “anti-gravitational” effect, which gives rise to cosmic voids in space where we observe no matter. Each point on the surface of the universe bubble traces out a time arrow in 4-dimensional space, perpendicular to the surface. These time arrows are not parallel to each other since the universe is not flat. This causes points to have nonzero relative velocity away from each other. It is generally accepted that the universe is expanding faster than observable energy can explain, and this is expansion is believe to be still accelerating. The “missing” energy required to explain these observations has given rise to the theory of dark energy. The time dilation caused by non-parallel time arrows can be proposed as an explanation for dark energy. Alternatively, dark energy is real energy coming from potential energy gradients caused by non-parallel time arrows. As a sanity check, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe based on the universe bubble model. Since the radius of the universe bubble is expanding at the speed of light in the time direction, it increases at 1 light second per second. Therefore, the “circumference” of the 3-dimensional surface increases by 2π light seconds per second, or about 1.88*10^6 km/s. This expansion is distributed equally across the 3-dimensional surface, so the actual observed expansion rate is proportional to the distance from the observer. At present, the age of the universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years, so the radius of the universe bubble is 13.8 billion light years, or about 4233 megaparsecs (3.26 million light years to 1 Mpc). Thus, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe, per megaparsec from the observer, as: Expansion rate = ((d(circumference))/dt)/radiusofuniverse=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/(2π*4233Mpc)=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/26598Mpc=70.82(km⁄s)/Mpc The popularly accepted empirical expansion rate is 73.5 +/- 2.5 km/s/Mpc, so our calculated value is close. There may be some additional source of expansion (or observed red shift) to make up for the discrepancy. For example, if two adjacent points have some gravitational gradient due to non-parallel time arrows, then light passing through these points will be red-shifted. - Cited from www.academia.edu/82481487/Title_Alternative_Explanation_of_Dark_Matter_and_Dark_Energy

I've been saying that "Dark Matter and Dark Energy don't exist" since 2022. We've spent almost a century to find Dark Matter and Dark Energy but still there's no sign of them. No matter what we try, a thing which doesn't exist can't be found. May be it is time to find an Alternative Way to Explain Dark Matter and Dark Energy. 4-D Hypershere model of Universe can easily explain Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Void and even the reason why the measurement values of Expansion Rate are around 70 km/sec-Mpc. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Gravity, Void and Antigravity, ... all these are same phenomena. They just look different. I agree to the idea that the interaction between mass and space must be explained with quantum mechanics. But that doesn't mean gravity is the QM phenomena. That's because gravity is not a force. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Gravity, Antigravity, Void... all these are just joint effects of the expansion of the Universe and the curvature of spacetime. Details are given below. Einstein’s theory of General Relativity states that spacetime is curved by the presence of mass. This curvature influences the motion other objects with mass and gives rise to gravitation. Thus, gravity is a result of geometric features in spacetime. However, we also observe gravitational effects - curvature of spacetime - in areas without any detectable mass. This has given rise to the concept of dark matter, which is matter that does not interact in any detectable way with normal matter, except through gravity. So, there is some large quantity of dark matter scattered throughout the universe, which curves spacetime and causes gravitational effects just like normal matter, but we cannot see or detect it with any known method. An alternative theory to the identity of dark matter is proposed - it is not matter at all, but rather an intrinsic curvature of spacetime. In other words, spacetime is not naturally flat. Even in the absence of matter, we observe some inherent curvature of spacetime. So, the question is now - why is spacetime naturally curved? Why is it not flat in the absence of mass? The universe is 4-dimensional, with 3 spatial dimensions and one dimension in time. Rather than consider time as a linear dimension, we can consider it as a radial one. Therefore, rather than describing the universe with a Cartesian coordinate system, we describe it with a 4-dimensional spherical coordinate system - 3 angular coordinates, φ1, φ2, φ3, and one radial coordinate in time, t. We live on the 3-dimensional surface of a 4-dimensional bubble which is expanding radially in time. Thus, the Big Bang represents t=0, the beginning of time. The crucial point is that the expansion of the universe is not homogeneous in all directions. The expansion rate at one point on the bubble’s surface may differ slightly from another point near it. The universe is only roughly spherical in 4 dimensions, the same way that the Earth is only roughly spherical in 3 dimensions. The same way we observe local mountains and valleys on the surface of Earth, we observe local “mountains” and “valleys” on the surface of the universe bubble. The inhomogeneity of the expansion of the universe has given rise to natural curvature of spacetime. This natural curvature causes the phenomenon of “dark matter”. “Valleys” in spacetime pull matter in, similarly to the warping of spacetime of massive objects. So “dark matter” is really “valleys” in spacetime that are expanding slower than the regions surrounding it. These valleys tend to pull matter in and create planets, stars, and galaxies - regions of space with higher-than-average densities of mass. Conversely, “mountains” in spacetime will repel matter away, an “anti-gravitational” effect, which gives rise to cosmic voids in space where we observe no matter. Each point on the surface of the universe bubble traces out a time arrow in 4-dimensional space, perpendicular to the surface. These time arrows are not parallel to each other since the universe is not flat. This causes points to have nonzero relative velocity away from each other. It is generally accepted that the universe is expanding faster than observable energy can explain, and this is expansion is believe to be still accelerating. The “missing” energy required to explain these observations has given rise to the theory of dark energy. The time dilation caused by non-parallel time arrows can be proposed as an explanation for dark energy. Alternatively, dark energy is real energy coming from potential energy gradients caused by non-parallel time arrows. As a sanity check, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe based on the universe bubble model. Since the radius of the universe bubble is expanding at the speed of light in the time direction, it increases at 1 light second per second. Therefore, the “circumference” of the 3-dimensional surface increases by 2π light seconds per second, or about 1.88*10^6 km/s. This expansion is distributed equally across the 3-dimensional surface, so the actual observed expansion rate is proportional to the distance from the observer. At present, the age of the universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years, so the radius of the universe bubble is 13.8 billion light years, or about 4233 megaparsecs (3.26 million light years to 1 Mpc). Thus, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe, per megaparsec from the observer, as: Expansion rate = ((d(circumference))/dt)/radiusofuniverse=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/(2π*4233Mpc)=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/26598Mpc=70.82(km⁄s)/Mpc The popularly accepted empirical expansion rate is 73.5 +/- 2.5 km/s/Mpc, so our calculated value is close. There may be some additional source of expansion (or observed red shift) to make up for the discrepancy. For example, if two adjacent points have some gravitational gradient due to non-parallel time arrows, then light passing through these points will be red-shifted. - Cited from www.academia.edu/82481487/Title_Alternative_Explanation_of_Dark_Matter_and_Dark_Energy

Consciousness is SINGULARITY experiencing nodes in toroidal fields ...

People tend to misunderstand or overlook aspects of this topic but I think you distilled it wonderfully. I don't recall having heard of Plato's cave allegory. 👍

Down each level of simulation does not necessarily mean lesser and lesser resolution. It only means the speed of light is slower. As consequence of that the 'frame-rate' would drop each simulation down, but only relative to ours. So, since time is relative, there can be a simulation within a simulation that is indistinguishable from the level up or down. For 'simulated' characters like us, everything would seem perfectly normal.

I would need way more evidence to believe the simulation hypothesis. The power consumption for such an endeavor is just too high to be practical.

Another great video !

I'm going with glueballs being dark matter.

It could be much better criticism to point out that confidence of prediction is seems to be inversly proportional to the uncerteanty in the time interval. Running it to the extreme one can conclude that we have 100% confidence that humanity will either go extinct tomarrow or stay for billions of years. This ofc checks out, but one can question of the utility of such observation. This being said, not taking it to extremes could be insightful.

When will the great wall of China fall?

That's interesting. It seems logical that the longer something has lasted, the longer it is likely to continue. Though if in 1989 Gott had recalculated his prediction for the Berlin wall, wouldn't he have been wildly incorrect? It seems like prevailing circumstances should always vastly outweigh the Copernican principle in this argument. That this method will inevitably become less accurate over time and eventually fail spectacularly.

The fact that we can't know how the distribution differs from uniform does not mean that it doesn't. And we can make estimations of the manner in which it differs. The conditions that led to the arising of the interval can be very different from those that exist at present or will exist to cause its end. Human politics did not advance a great deal during the interval of the Berlin Wall although technology did somewhat change it. For example the Berlin airdrop could not have saved the city 100 years previously. However the powers making decisions were somewhat stable and the financial collapse of one of them was a force that was already familiar. Similarly, the conditions that begin and end Broadway plays had been well established and was not expected to change materialy. Broadway is a limited commodity and somewhat protected from technical innovations.

"Just a bit of warning" The warning was not a trigger warning concerning those who may be sensitive to the destruction of everything they know and hold dear. But rather that we may be facing math. Indeed, hard to distinguish between the terror of these two events.

I hope you keep making videos because I really enjoy your content.

Time is the measurement of the movement of Matter . the scale of the Range of distance .there are only units of scale to measure with correctly , Sound, Light and the Cohesion of Sound / Light .. E= S/L 5th . Light cannot exist without Sound ...fact ! your going to ask why , because light can not move thru sub particle Atomic matter without creating electron friction .

DM is as real at the invisible pink unicorn living in my workshop/lab. And of you give me 20 billion dollars, I will *definitely* be able to make it visible for you.

Nice. A science communicator that is not an AI narrator. That is most welcome!

There is only one reason to postulate dark energy, to explain the exponential expansion rate of the universe. The expansion was discovered in 1929. It was discovered that the expansion was accelerating in 1998, this is when the concept of dark energy became mainstream. If something accelerates at a constant rate it will get faster and faster. If a ship travels at a constant 1g acceleration rate it would achieve about 95% light speed in 1 year. Electricity is drawn towards potential and the universe as a whole behaves the same way. Electricity comes into our homes because the neutral circuit provides the potential. Electricity is drawn towards grounding rods for the same reason. Physicists in the last century did not postulate dark energy because they understood that the expansion is a fundamental property of the universe. The fact that the expansion is accelerating does not invalidate their reasoning, it's what the known laws of physics would predict. All studies to find dark energy have been fruitless because it doesn't exist. To say there is dark energy is to say there is 5 fundamental forces, there is 4.

Dear youtuber, congratulations on your subject and the handling of it. If I may suggest something though: please ask yourself why 'music' (if some notes may be called so) is needed in the background. In my opinion 'music behind a voice' is a matter of fashion and - if I may say so - quite a silly one. People who need music in orde to be attracted to listen to the explanation of an interesting and serious subject do not exist. Those who really need a backgrond music are in my view empty-headed (they need the music to fill in a void) and those people are by definition not interested in a serious subject. I found the background 'music' very disconcerting in your - otherwise splendid - video. So, my sincere compliments, but a strong suggestion to let music be music and voice be voice.

There is no present, what we experience as the present is the immediate past. point to anything that you think is happening now, and it happened in the past. What we consider the present, the point at which the past meets the future does not exist of itself, only as the the point at which the past meets the future.

The example in the video of the yellow dot moving in 1 then 2 then three dimensions in order to introduce the concept a 4th dimension; time, is fundamentally wrong. Take the example of one dimension, for the yellow dot to move left, right requires time. So in the image of 1 dimensional space time already exists hence it's really 2 dimensions, remove time and the dot cannot move. So we have 1 dimension, a dot that cannot move in any direction other than through time, two dimensions where the dot can move along a line left & right, 3 dimensions left right, forward, back and 4 dimensions all the others and up down. This may be pedantic, but it removes the necessity of trying to illustrate a four dimensional space.

There is a clear explanation for dark matter. In the 1939 journal "Annals of Mathematics" Einstein wrote - "The essential result of this investigation is a clear understanding as to why the Schwarzchild singularities (Schwarzchild was the first to raise the issue of General Relativity predicting singularities) do not exist in physical reality. Although the theory given here treats only clusters (star clusters) whose particles move along circular paths it does seem to be subject to reasonable doubt that more general cases will have analogous results. The Schwarzchild singularities do not appear for the reason that matter cannot be concentrated arbitrarily. And this is due to the fact that otherwise the constituting particles would reach the velocity of light" He was referring to the phenomenon of dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. A graph illustrates its squared nature, dilation increases at an exponential rate the closer you get to the speed of light. Time dilation is just one aspect of dilation, it's not just time that gets dilated. Dilation will occur wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass because high mass means high momentum. Dilation is the original and correct explanation for why we cannot see light from the galactic center. There is no singularity at the center of our galaxy. It can be inferred mathematically that the mass there must be dilated. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is smeared through spacetime. More precisely everywhere you point is equally valid. In other words that mass is all around us. Sound familiar? This is the explanation for the abnormally high rotation rates of stars in spiral galaxies. The "missing mass" is dilated mass. Dilation does not occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they do not have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. To date, 6 very low mass galaxies including NGC 1052-DF2 and DF4 have been confirmed to show no signs of dark matter. This also explains why all planets and all binary stars have normal rotation rates, not 3 times normal. There was clarity in astronomy before television and movies began to popularize singularities in the 1960's. Einstein is known to have repeatedly said that they cannot exist. Nobody believed in them when he was alive including Plank, Bohr, Schrodinger, Dirac, Heisenberg, Feynman etc.

What a clean explanation. Finally 👍

Time doesn't exist it's a man made idea

Yes we have free will but the results may not turn out to be the will you choose.

Yes. Yes we DO have free will. There is ALWAYS a choice in everything you do and for everyone on the planet. Now, *that* doesn't mean you will find FROM the choices you've got a choice to your LIKING or a choice FREE of consequences. Life is chance, benefit AND risk! >;)

This channel must blow up. So much better than all crap AI narrated bull%hit. Keep it up!

"i am NOTHING god i am" my son , i am here to protect you . be hold !

Really great video. If Freewill is true then a person who feels that Freewill isn't True, is making a free choice that they have no choice. If Freewill is False (Determined) then a person who feels that Freewill is True, can't help but to feel that way. A paradox (of sorts) for sure! Irrespective of which side one takes, its possible to reflect on the fears & desires leading to the choice. Better to consider the one who sees the paradox. They're "outside" of either options of Freewill. In this way, one can easily detach from the outcome, whether its expected, opposed or unexpected. 🕉️

I do believe in free will, at least to an extent. Quantum mechanics indicates that things don't exist concretely, but only in states of probability. Meaning that in any given scenario, there always exists at least the slightest chance that things could be different. I would say the same applies to human decisions. Our neurons may fire a certain way, but that's not to say that's the only way they have to. Logically as well, causality is not an inner necessity. One state of affairs does not predicate to a 100% certainty a specific other.

I love your videos, always thought provoking and so well articulated. Very underrated channel and please keep creating

I am not satisfied with it coming from ‘nothing’ as I define nothing as not even having possibility for something. I am also not satisfied with there always being something because that would suggest an infinite past which raises all kinds of questions. Ultimately my dissatisfaction is caused by my definition of what time and cause is and I’m stuck maybe having to accept against all intuition that I can never understand the true nature of concepts like time or cause

Nature abhors a vacuum implies there is nature so it's incorrect. The answer seems simple to me. Nothingness would not have anything definable, no time, no possibility, no past, no dimensions. Since we have those things we can conclude that nothingness was simply not possible and there was therefore always 'something'. There no more we can know. End of!

What is the ambient back track please?

This video was insightful. Also, I love the background music and I'd love the link to the original or at least the name!

There must have been something that has always existed. There can't literally have ever been nothing.

The something is inside the nothing. The absolute nothing also contains an infinite potential for something. Now, is 'potential' something rather than nothing? Is the immaterial idea something or nothing?

That's exactly my recent thoughts. Where did concept of nothingness even come from? Where do all truths arise from? My own deductions led me to conclude that nothingness is actually = unknown/uncertainty itself by the way, because if you remove literally everything, all that will be left is unknown/undefined.

Related question: Why does only specific stuff exist rather than everything possible? (Note that assuming that everything possible does indeed actually exist leads to a complete loss of any predictive power and inductive reasoning, and becomes increasingly falsified with every second that passes in an orderly world)

Master Dōgen would say, “Mu!”

The Universe Works like a giant quantum computer and it was preprogrammed to do exactly what you see. The all seeing eye generation. 20 20 20 vision

Nothingness can exist in only one way, and the Universe in infinitely many ways (you can imagine various laws of physics, etc.), so the Universe is more likely (the probability of existence of nothing tends to zero)

I've asked myself this question for years and my mind goes really funny, i can't explain it when i think what nothing would be, to give it a description would make it something

Good video

Where's the rainbow when it's gone? There are only illusions and ultimately nothing.

0 -> 1 or 1 -> 1 both are unsatisfying. Either the kick-off-cause had no cause for itself, braking logic (at least into the past), or the first cause had not to obey logic (compatible with religious thoughts and god knows what else), therefore braking logic in a slightly different way. THe logic that everything needs a cause, and a cause is something, and therefore needs a cause, isn't even complete with a ring-like timeline, because then said ring would need a cause. fundamentally, it seems we need to kiss this logic goodbye, because it can't cause itself all the way back. That's why I'm agnostic, in a nutshell. It's just my current state I can truthfully express. TLDR: I have no idea, just like everyone else, including the brightest minds of current and past times. DUnno if it stays that way or if we have a chance to grasp this fundamental question. Therefore can't even decide on weak vs. strong agnosticism, But I can wish everyone a great time, may it be a slightly different definition what constitues such for all of you :)