Dr Rovelli, I have something that might help find the QLG objects you seek. First off, light will not interact with these QLG entities because QLG objects only emerges at cosmic distance. The gravity bits on a holographic cosmic event horizon are only relative to the particle at the center of that cosmic horizon’s observable universe. This means the QLG bit at that local cosmic horizon Landauer Limit energy level is relative only to the particle at the center and no other particle or photon can see that particle. In order to measure anything you must provide a fixture to constrain degrees of freedom. Dark energy is an effect from the gravity bits on the cosmic horizon gravitating distant objects. As particles cross the cosmic Holographic horizon that horizon grows conserving entropy and information as the redshifted spin energy is encoded on the cosmic horizon as a bit of negative energy. A larger horizon means dark energy’s effect goes down. When the cosmic horizons emit gravity bits locally to resolve entangled spin states the cosmic horizon shrinks by one Planck area and locally B emits a Hawking photon to conserve total energy of the now smaller universe. This makes dark energy higher because the cosmic Holographic horizon is now closer to distant objects. Entropy conserves Delta S Cosmic + Delta S Local = 0. Either a particle crossing a cosmic horizon is -1 local and + 1 cosmic, the local emission of gravity is opposite, cosmic entropy -1 and local entropy is +1 from the Hawking photon emitted to conserve for a now smaller universe. I’ve tried getting a hold of you via email and other methods. I hope this works. I am a big supporter and Dr. Rovelli’s work informed me on how to find gravity. This explanation solves information paradox, universal entropy, dark energy and inflation which all emerge from the same fundamental property. Nature uses negative energy to encoded causal spin uncertainty. Dr. Rovelli, when you choose to look at Landauer Limit at Hawking Temp input for any given black hole you will find gravity energy per Planck area equals Landauer Limit. This model explains Planck scale as the scale where kinetic energy and measurement energy equal each other meaning the quantum state can’t clock. Kinetic energy on black hole event horizons goes down as radius goes down but measurement energy goes up as radius goes down. This means measurement energy and kinetic energy meet at just below Planck scale. Im upset at the other KZbin folks who were rude to Dr Rovelli just because he made a wrong assumption thinking light would slow down due to QLG not realizing only the Patrice at the center of an observable or universe can interact with a QLG bit. This is my contribution to physics and especially for Dr Rovelli. Dr. Rovelli is a treasure. Here is another gift for Dr Rovelli. (S+, E-)A -> (S-, E+)B = 0. This is an entangled pair measurement. Where the first particle spin to be measured is labeled A. Where S+ is the state that sets B’a state to opposite of A. Where E- is the gravity bit used to correlate the spins of A and B. Where E+ is the Hawking photon emitted. Notice how everything conserves. All four bits accounted for.

@3:55 the Euclidean path integral is physically motivated if you want it to be. It is not a proper model of any real physical dynamics, but rather an approximation for a spacetime cobordism in a periodic or asymptotic equilibrium. This means you are counting configurations of the whole spacetime, so it is a Boltzmann sum. It does not have to be perfect to be useful, but it does need to be used with caution, for example, for a FRWL spacetime, what does it mean to be in any sort of "equilibrium"? You have to carefully define what you mean in this case, since it is not the normal sort of thermodynamic or statistical mechanic meaning of the term "equilibrium". What it is instead is an entropy, or partition function, for the entire universe, the Block Universe. But this is incredibly useful! It can explain - provided one assumes high energy scale exact CPT symmetry - flatness, homogeneity and isotropy with no need for Inflaton theory!

When registering gravitational waves, the noise is 99.99%, and the useful signal is 0.01% - correct. When registering gravitational quanta, the possibility of receiving a useful signal is 75%; the noise will be 25% - the device needs improvement. New technologies, new research tools Let me suggest for schoolchildren and students on one's own to measure the Universe, dark energy, black holes, etc. To do this, I propose two practical devices. «laser tape measure *+reference distance* 1,000,000 m”» and «Michelson-Morley HYBRID Gyroscope fiber optic 500‡2». I am writing to you with a proposal for the joint invention of a HYBRID gyroscope from non-circular, TWO coils with a new type of optical fiber with a “hollow core photonic-substituted vacuum zone or (NANF)” where - the light travels 500000 (In a laser tape measure, the length of the optical fiber is fixed at 1000000 ) meters in each arm, while it does not exceed the parameters 94/94/94 cm, and the weight is 94 kg. Manufacturers of “Fiber Optic Gyroscopes” can produce HYBRID gyroscopes for educational and practical use in schools and higher education institutions. Einstein dreamed of measuring the speed of a train, an airplane - through the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1881/2024, and only then would the experiment be more than 70% complete. This can be done using a fiber optic HYBRID gyroscope. Based on the completion of more than 70% of Michelson's experiment, the following postulates can be proven: Light is an ordered vibration of gravitational quanta, and dominant gravitational fields adjust the speed of light in a vacuum. you can make scientific discoveries; in astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, higher theoretical physics,...

sorry, i’m really interested in the all course from Professor Rovelli but I was wondering what are the prerequisite, thanks to everyone who will answer!!!

C'est une certitude notre intelligence naturelle est connectée sur tous les champs de l'univers sans localité ou distance. L'être humain est une intelligence supérieure contrairement a la machine qui ne connait pas les distorsions de l' espace temps.❤merci ALBERT EINSTEIN ET SON PARADOXE EPR

Monsieur Rovelli, je suis admirative de votre grande intelligence. Je suis tellement contente d'avoir accès par ce moyen a vos conférences. Merci beaucoup.

By determining the constancy of speed, all experiments and Michelson-Morley experiments are indirect and incomplete. If the Michelson-Morley experiment was carried out on a bus or airplane and was used to determine speed. only then will this experience be direct. Therefore, Einstein does not rely on the Michelson-Morley experiment. Question. Do you have an example of such direct experience? New technologies, new research tools. BIG SCIENCE doesn't want to eliminate the *BIG MUD* of noise in fundamental optical experiments. WHY? Let me suggest for schoolchildren and students on one's own to measure the Universe, dark energy, black holes, etc. To do this, I propose two practical devices. «laser tape measure *+reference distance* 1,000,000 m”» and «Michelson-Morley HYBRID Gyroscope». I am writing to you with a proposal for the joint invention of a HYBRID gyroscope from non-circular, TWO coils with a new type of optical fiber with a “hollow core photonic-substituted vacuum zone or (NANF)” where - the light travels 250000 (In a laser tape measure, the length of the optical fiber is fixed at 1000000 ) meters in each arm, while it does not exceed the parameters 84/84/84 cm, and the weight is 24 kg. Manufacturers of “Fiber Optic Gyroscopes” can produce HYBRID gyroscopes for educational and practical use in schools and higher education institutions. Einstein dreamed of measuring the speed of a train, an airplane - through the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1881/2024, and only then would the experiment be more than 70% complete. This can be done using a fiber optic HYBRID gyroscope. Based on the completion of more than 70% of Michelson's experiment, the following postulates can be proven: Light is an ordered vibration of gravitational quanta, and dominant gravitational fields adjust the speed of light in a vacuum. you can make scientific discoveries; in astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, higher theoretical physics,... (We are not looking for ether, we will see the work of gravitational quanta) The result is a «theory of everything» in a simple teaching device and a new tape measure for measuring the universe.

New technologies, new research tools. BIG SCIENCE doesn't want to eliminate the *BIG MUD* of noise in fundamental optical experiments. WHY? Let me suggest for schoolchildren and students on one's own to measure the Universe, dark energy, black holes, etc. To do this, I propose two practical devices. «laser tape measure *+reference distance* 1,000,000 m”» and «Michelson-Morley HYBRID Gyroscope». I am writing to you with a proposal for the joint invention of a HYBRID gyroscope from non-circular, TWO coils with a new type of optical fiber with a “hollow core photonic-substituted vacuum zone or (NANF)” where - the light travels 250000 (In a laser tape measure, the length of the optical fiber is fixed at 1000000 ) meters in each arm, while it does not exceed the parameters 84/84/84 cm, and the weight is 24 kg. Manufacturers of “Fiber Optic Gyroscopes” can produce HYBRID gyroscopes for educational and practical use in schools and higher education institutions. Einstein dreamed of measuring the speed of a train, an airplane - through the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1881/2024, and only then would the experiment be more than 70% complete. This can be done using a fiber optic HYBRID gyroscope. Based on the completion of more than 70% of Michelson's experiment, the following postulates can be proven: Light is an ordered vibration of gravitational quanta, and dominant gravitational fields adjust the speed of light in a vacuum. you can make scientific discoveries; in astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, higher theoretical physics,... (We are not looking for ether, we will see the work of gravitational quanta) The result is a «theory of everything» in a simple teaching device and a new tape measure for measuring the universe.

9-00. It is strange that Rovelli, who knows so well the possibilities of the theory he invented, cannot give the necessary meaning to understanding the evolution of a black hole. Having described the quanta of space, he nevertheless cannot abandon the idea of ​​superdensity, interpreting a black hole as a substance that constantly absorbs matter. But who prevents us from asking the question - how is matter located in space? On the quanta of space, inside the quanta, between the quanta? The answer to these questions gives an understanding of many things both in quantum physics and on a macro scale. Obviously, the answers to all three questions are no. The answer is different. Matter is in fact the quanta of space, namely the quanta, or rather their special state form particles, . With the help of the quanta of space, waves are also born from such familiar concepts of quantum physics. It is the quanta that form all other types of interactions, such as electromagnetic, strong and weak. Our entire world is a gravitational field and oscillations of its individual parts, in the form of ensembles of quanta. A meticulous reader will ask - is the world really that simple? No. The world is more complex, it is a composition of several components. Two of them are postulated by Ostrovsky's theorem - our familiar world with the Archimedean metric and the world of Planck measurements with its inherent non-Archimedean metric. The meaning of the theorem is the existence of two and only two different metrics with the help of which any space is constructed. Interesting? A popular exposition of this approach can be found on Habr or at archive.org/

If there is no low energy susy particles and poly quarks, tetra and poly etc would be the lightest susy particles. Heavier susy particles would currently be beyond our ability to detect. If we had a 100 kilometer machine we may detect other susy particles.

I really enjoyed your intensive cross litteraturemethod

Aren't white holes just stars?

WOW amazingly condensed. Thank you for sharing.

i am a kid who is doing this

Is volume quanta here only positive mathematically? They should be signed, as should areas.

Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) is a bit difficult. Let me try and ask a rough question. Imagine spacetime is made up of tiny loops. But the loops not only constitutes a network, so that you can travel everywhere. The loops do not exclude each other, there can be trillions and trillions of loops almost in exactly the same spot. i) If light would have to travel one integer loop after another, it could easily violate Lorentz invariance. ii) If light instead could switch seamlessly between the loops, would Lorentz variance hold to an extremely high degree? iii) With trillions and upon trillions of almost identical loops everywhere in space, overlapping, would space then seem continuous to us? ivI Does such a theory exist? (Some variant of LQG?). v) If not, would it be possible to construct such a theory?

Can you define light cones as a cylinder?

@5:00 Doh! I love Rovelli's philosophical asides, but I'd love them even more if he got them upgraded. SU(2) is not really the building block. The Lie algebra generators are the building blocks, because we live in a spacetime, with certain global (Poincaré) and local (Yang-Mills) symmetries. There is a spacetime algebra for these, the graded Clifford algebra. It contains u(1) and su(2), it also contains the octonions and su(3). The bivector algebras are the building blocks. We do not need a matrix algebra for any of this, that's just a choice of representation. Few physicists know this. We could instead work entirely in the Clifford algebra to get both gravity and the Standard Model (the gauge couplings and masses not so much, they're still a bit mysterious and hard to extract).

@38:00 Democritus does not make sense, but you can always make sense of Democritus. A dualism works fine for this. Just take his "non-being" as meaning "where there is no mass", and "being" to be "where there is mass". Both refer to space (the "where"). Quantum mechanics does not change this an awful lot, it just spreads out mass in terms of non-Kolmogorov generalized probability, "here is where we might detect mass" --- which makes vacuum versus matter fuzzy, but not necessarily ontologically fuzzy, only fuzzy with respect to our measurements, hence also with respect to what physics we can effectively model. Dualism is not a bad metaphysics, I'd argue pretty much everything we know has dual aspects, and of course mathematics is riddled with duality, just take the spacetime algebra duality transforms for starters, or vectors and linear transforms more specifically. I don't like Tegmark's MUH nonsense (it ain't science), but if you do take the mathematical models for physics half-seriously, doesn't this tell you something about duals in physics? They are all around us.

@25:00 sure, but he is violating his own principles laid out in Lecture-1 here. If we take nature at face value and strive for a bit of minimalism, then for damn sure we "know" spacetime itself is not quantum mechanical. The matter fields are "quantum mechanical" but the spacetime itself is not, not as far as any empirical evidence shows. The Feynman-Aharonov experiments are the best bet for detecting superposition of the spacetime manifold, but they are extremely subtle experiments. I'd be lucky to learn of definitive Feynman-Aharonov experiments in my lifetime I reckon. Until such a time it is useful if some people continue working under the assumption gravity is already a quantum theory, but not because of spacetime superposition, rather because matter can traverse closed timelike curves. Note it is wrong to say the "matter fields" traverse CTCs, because the field concept is specifically an auxiliary accounting trick to avoid CTCs. So it is completely balmy to go reinserting CTCs in a field theory when the whole idea of field theory is to avoid CTCs --- as Feynman taught everyone (everyone who was listening & reading).

@23:00 is Carlo saying this correctly? Spacetime is not the field, it is mathematically a field with a multivector algebra structure. But that is not a _physical field_ --- a physical field is a quantity that takes a value at every point in a space or a spacetime. The coordinates of spacetime are not a physical field because, as Galileo and Einstein taught us, the labels are not physically relevant. Gravity is different to spacetime. The physical quantity corresponding to the gravity field (physical) is the mass and curvature, both, you cannot just say it is "spacetime", since that neglects matter-energy and the theory of gravity concerns both, both matter _and_ spacetime curvature. You cannot separate them. Computing just one side of the Einstein equations gets you nowhere (except for having found a vacuum solution if you compute the metric side).

@41:00 so do most scientists not read Kuhn then?? lol. Because what I got from Kuhn is that established science starts to become it's own worst enemy, a sociological effect due to big egos and reward incentives and all the rest, so new ideas find it hard to gain a foothold. But when you think about it, this is not so bad. The new ideas need to fight hard, and many funerals of the old guard occur, it's like using fire to test the gold. I'm not a capitalist "competition rules" advocate myself, just an observer noting what tends to happen in history of science. I know of one paradigm shift we are right in the middle of --- in macroeconomics. No matter how good and even beneficial to humanity the new paradigm, too many egos will get shattered if they admit it is the superior framework. But it is not about starting from scratch at all. In macroeconomics our current paradigm shift is fascinating in a different but still shocking way, it is showing mainstream economists have several things completely backwards. The paradigm shift will not start from scratch for this one, it'll completely reverse a lot of policy.

@8:00 dark matter? Wasn't he around in the 1970's? It's the right-handed neutrino. Definitive masses for the light neutrinos is not fully in yet, but I'd bet a million dollars if I had 1.1 million to play with on ν_R. You should also be clear about whether spacetime itself is discrete (not a smooth manifold) or whether it is rather just all local non-trivial topology. LQG folks seem allergic to closed timelike curves, so they go ostrich mode. But if you admit Planck scale closed timelike curves on a smooth spacetime, you get quantum mechanics out of it, with no further postulates.

Carlo, Loop Quantum Gravity is not yet a scientific theory. But we now have a working Quantum Theory of Gravity that paves the way for the Theory of Everything in Physics, that is testable and complete with reproducible empirical experiments with the same results if repeated over and over again and again, confirmed by empirical observations in nature with 7-Sigma level results, guided by empirical laws and physical/mathematical Trinity God Equations that are predictive, precise, quantum computational and does no collapse even in high energies of Big Bang and singularity of Black Hole. FYI: Quantum Gravity or Quantum Gravitation have three types that are equivalent to and manifested by Quantum Computational Gravitation- the biggest and most powerful Computer Software Program and Hardware in the Universe and Quantum Gravitational Entanglement - a Quantum Entanglement in Macroscopic Cosmic Scale namely: 1. Quantum Anti-Gravity = Spin Up Quantum Entanglement State; 2. Quantum Neutral Gravity = Superposition Quantum Entanglement State; and 3. Quantum Gravity = Spin Down Quantum Entanglement State. More detailed information could be found on the published papers 2 years ago in London, Paris, and Zurich, online and at the two scientific Journals ACADEMIA and REAL TRUE NATURE. Alternatively, you can google the name of the author ROEL REAL ROVIRA to arrive at the published paper on Quantum Gravity. Most recently, additional two well respected scientific journals namely NATURE and the AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY APS Physical Review Journals have officially invited this author to submit manuscripts on his Research on Quantum Gravity for publication for PRX QUANTUM in preparation for a celebration for International Year of Quantum IYQ 2025 to showcase the best papers of the year.

A question about the role of topology and continuity vs granular spacetime may be a very important one with respect to the notion of the dynamical entity, called "quantum gravitational field" that we called space time.

Selon Carlo Rovelli, au-delà de la réalité y compris nous-même , il n'y a rien ! Selon le génial Robert Openheimer , le vide est l'enclos du soleil. Le soleil c'est déjà quelque chose. Carlo refait tes devoirs !

Matter is quantized. Because photons are quanta. And matter is photons trapped over their own gravity. Because Eo Uo Space has characteristics. Qualities. But Nettleton decay cosmology provides the topology for loop gravity. A homeostatic universe maintained by the reciprocal processes of electron capture at event horizons and free neutron decay in deep voids. The connection is exactly through this neutron passage. As if a neutron sits right on the event horizon connecting the maxima to the minima. One one side is electron capture. The moment the electron rejoins the positron to make a double cover of the Higgs. And on the other side of event horizons, in deep voids, a free neutron is decaying. The electron is ejected creating a radial field with Coulomb pressure. DM is decayed Neutrons DE is the expansion caused by that decay from 0.6fm³ neutron to 1m³ amorphous monatomic hydrogen gas. A volume increase of 10⁴⁵.

Very nice talk, looking forward to watch the next lectures... Unfortunateky, it looks like we're going to need some fancy theory to solve the conundrum. And of course, we'll gonna need to understand the underpinnings of both QM and gravity. Without that, no real progress is expected

11:20 : mPL>MBH>10^47mPL, signs should be reversed, i.e. mPL<MBH<10^47mPL - covering 47 orders of magnitude for the possible mass of the BH. Nice lecture, keep up and thanks.

🤯🤩

He comments that there is a parameter mu that can be tuned to some value and then the lattice can be refined at 34.33. He said that it could be scale invariant. Is there a paper that discusses this? Thanks.

Oh Ravioli! Oh dear Ravioli!

O_M_G !!! I am watching this stuff two years after the very first time.....and suddenly everytghing is coming to a focused picture !! I seee now...and IT is FANTASTIC. The complexity pinned down by simplicity after building the agebraic tool piece by piece. Meantime in these two years I have reviewed some topics after I kind of "intertwined" my eyes at watching-listening the first time. The best EYES-OPENER was a a paper heuristically written by Penrose and then of course refreshes on basic angular momentum topics from Univ. + repr. theory. For the ones interested : "ANGULAR MOMENTUM: AN APPROACH TO COMBINATORIAL SPACE-TIME"

This fucking tool is a Putin propagandist

28:00 can hear guy heavily breathing down the mic

Are the tetrahedra supposed to be physical? Or are they just a means to regularise the theory?

I love how he assails string theory without calling it by name

I don't think Popper was trying to say that scientists do not use inductive reasoning to gain confidence in a theory. But gaining confidence in a theory is not the same as proving a theory correct. Falsification was not presented as a working methodology for scientists to use to do their work. The idea that a theory has to be, in principle, falsifiable is part of Popper's answer to the "demarcation problem", i.e., what distinguishes science from pseudo-science. In any case, sometimes you do not know whether a theory is incorrect, or that an experiment that seems to contradict theory is correct. I think Steven Weinberg, in his book Dreams of a Final Theory, archly observed "no experiment should be accepted unless it agrees with theory!" He was making a humorous point, I think, but one with some truth to it.

Context, summarizing main results and how a theory compares to others in its class is really important as a motivation, but it’s also quite frustrating as an introduction. I just had to skim through an hour of lecture and I’ve come no closer to knowing how loop quantum gravity works. If it takes 10 lectures or a semester or a PhD to master the topic, that’s fine, but in that case let’s actually get to work learning how to crank the theory. The place where it makes sense to compare a theory to the state of the evidence is when you understand it well. (Though I repeat that it’s good to start with some broad brush context, summary and overview, it’s just frustrating if you’d like to get to the point of understanding this particular theory.)

Democritus: The world is made of atoms moving in an entity called empty space. Aristotle: Since when is nothing an entity? ("thug life" music playing) 🤓

Books name?

The graph here is actually simplicial complex.

The movement of the water Is a cause of interactional communications Between the bucket and the water

Fascinating lecture. Love Professor Rovelli.

Nice 👍

If this is true wouldn't it mean that pie is finite but we just haven't found the end

There is a question at 49:00 about white holes and the Cosmic censorship hypothesis. C.C. has to do with timelike singularities, not spacelike ( like the ones inside Schwartzschild white holes, or the initial Big Bang singularities etc.), so the possible existence of white holes is not a violation of Penrose's hypothesis. White holes are considered, classically, unphysical though, because of the second law of thermodynamics and due to some instabilities. In quantum gravity their status may be different, as C. Rovelli says in this very interesting and fascinating lecture.

Hahahaha 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

Thanks for the interesting lecture

I had never seen the discussion of how vacua are different from a purely quantum mechanical (no QFT) perspective. Thanks a lot, great class!