very nicely described .Donkey is system Enthalpy the amount of energy and Donkey carry load then some work done. Very good example

2025 batch attendance here😂

i million followers

this is the bessssssssssssssst video that you could watch for these topics. It shows every detail in a very meaningful explanation. Thankyou very much for making it easier for us.

Its good but your english is weird 😁

You legitimately might have saved my butt and for that I thank you tremendously.

Legend 10/10 explanation appreciate it 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉

Who are in 2025 5:35

Please include Urdu 😢😢😢

2025 attendance here!!❤

How are you telling OH- as nucleophile but using at as base?

Please confirm sir

Here withdraw pair of electrons, I think not not lone pair of electrons

Tomorrow is my mains 😂

Love from kashmir❤

Worth it bro 🙌

I can't believe that it is really good and easy 😊❤ thank you for making this video

Good teaching 😊😊😊🙏🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻🫰

One DAY before final exam of 11th std 😂watching this video very helpfull Pls like if u watch on 2025

One night before jee mains 💀

Thank you so much sir 😊

Night before the exam😂

Tq sir

Thank you so much for this video. I had little knowledge on this topic and my exam is tomoroow and now my concept is clear.

2:48 0.00004

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Who is from class 10

Lol here before jee

Thank you teacher 🎉

Can I write this lecture on my copy Coz it is very easy and understandable as compared to my textbook 😢

How the center of mass is outside the body ?

Is this also for 11th class?

Form-ullah

Thanks alot may Allah bless you❤

anyone in 2025 😍

0:58 where is lithium

Janu

Mujhe aisha kabhi nahi samajh mai aaya tha sir thank you so much sir

Thank you our teacher

Never before never after...🎉❤

any one in 2026😂

Best explanation ever ❤

Sir why do we substract 18???

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Thank u so much sir 🎉😢

notes fr u 🤓 The lecture covers isomerism in organic chemistry, explaining structural and stereoisomerism, including types like chain, position, functional group, metamerism, tautomerism, and ring-chain isomerism. It highlights the differences between isomers and isomerism, emphasizing their unique arrangements, properties, and examples, ultimately enhancing understanding of organic compounds. Highlights: 01:20 Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where compounds have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements. Understanding isomerism is essential in organic chemistry, as it affects the properties of compounds. -The distinction between structural formulas and molecular formulas is vital in identifying isomers. Structural formulas show atom arrangements, while molecular formulas indicate the total number of atoms. -An analogy comparing gloves illustrates the concept of isomers effectively. Isomers can have the same components but differ in their arrangements, just like left and right gloves. -Isomerism is crucial in understanding the variations in physical properties among compounds. For example, alcohol and ether are isomers with different structures leading to distinct physical characteristics. 06:05 Isomerism is a fundamental concept in chemistry where compounds with the same molecular formula have different physical properties. There are two main types of isomerism: structural and stereo isomerism. -Structural isomerism includes six categories such as chain isomerism, position isomerism, and functional group isomerism. Understanding these categories helps in identifying different structural forms of compounds. -Stereo isomerism is categorized into geometric and optical isomerism. This type of isomerism focuses on the spatial arrangement of atoms, which significantly affects the properties of molecules. -Chain isomers differ in the arrangement of carbon atoms in the main chain. These variations lead to distinct chemical behaviors and properties of the isomers. 12:08 Position isomers are compounds that have the same carbon chain but differing positions of functional groups. This results in distinct chemical properties despite having the same molecular formula. -Position isomers can be identified by examining the location of functional groups within the carbon chain. This affects their reactivity and interactions with other substances. -Chain isomers differ in the length of their carbon chains, leading to variations in boiling and melting points. Understanding these differences is crucial in organic chemistry. -Functional group isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but different functional groups. This can significantly influence their chemical behavior and applications. 18:12 Functional group isomerism exists between various compounds, such as alkenes and cycloalkanes, which share the same molecular formula but have different functional groups. Understanding this concept is essential for recognizing different isomers in organic chemistry. -Metamerism is a type of isomerism where different alkyl groups are bonded to the same functional group, resulting in compounds that are isomers of each other. This principle is crucial for identifying variations in chemical structure. -Ether functional groups can exhibit metamerism, where the same functional group is present but different alkyl groups are attached. This results in distinct compounds while maintaining their chemical properties. -The amine functional group also demonstrates metamerism, allowing for variations in structure. This emphasizes the importance of functional groups in determining the chemical behavior of compounds. 24:16 Tautomerism is a phenomenon where a single compound exists in two or more interconvertible structures, often seen in carbonyl compounds. It typically involves keto-enol isomerism and dynamic equilibrium between these forms. -The condition for tautomerism can be identified by a specific pattern in the compound's structure, involving a CH single bond and a double bond. This pattern increases the likelihood of tautomerism occurring significantly. -Tautomerism leads to the formation of keto and enol forms, which are in dynamic equilibrium. Generally, the keto form is much more stable than the enol form, often existing in higher percentages. -Exceptions to tautomerism often arise in cyclic organic compounds. Understanding concepts like aromaticity and anti-aromaticity is crucial in identifying these exceptions and their influence on tautomerism. 30:22 Understanding the stability of compounds is crucial in organic chemistry, particularly when examining aromatic and anti-aromatic properties. These properties influence the existence of certain compounds in various forms. -The stability of aromatic compounds arises from their electron configuration, allowing them to maintain a lower energy state compared to their anti-aromatic counterparts. This concept is vital for predicting compound behavior. -The concept of tautomerism is explored through examples where the enol form can be more stable than the ketone form, challenging typical expectations in organic chemistry. Recognizing these exceptions is essential for accurate predictions. -In certain cases, specific structural arrangements yield two potential isomers that can significantly differ in stability due to their aromatic or anti-aromatic nature. This aspect emphasizes the importance of molecular geometry. 36:26 The stability of compounds is influenced by the presence of alternating single and double bonds, making them more conjugated and stable. Understanding these structures helps identify exceptions in isomerism. -Conjugated compounds exhibit greater stability due to their alternating single and double bonds, which enhance electron delocalization. This principle aids in predicting reactivity and properties. -Ring chain isomerism involves isomers with the same molecular formula but different structures, such as cyclic and open-chain forms. This concept is essential for understanding isomer classification. -Geometrical isomerism, characterized by different arrangements of identical groups around a double bond, demonstrates how spatial orientation affects compound properties and stability. 42:31 Geometrical isomerism occurs when two different groups are attached to the same carbon atom, resulting in distinct isomers such as cis and trans forms. This phenomenon is crucial for understanding organic compounds like malic and fumaric acids. -The necessity for different groups on each carbon is essential for geometrical isomerism. For instance, malic acid has unique configurations compared to fumaric acid. -Geometrical isomerism is not possible in open chain alkanes and alkynes due to the nature of carbon bonds. The presence of double or triple bonds in these compounds restricts isomer formation. -In cyclic alkanes, geometrical isomerism can occur, demonstrated by the cis and trans configurations of cycloalkanes. This variation highlights the importance of molecular structure in chemical properties. 48:34 Understanding optical isomerism involves recognizing the significance of optically active compounds and the presence of asymmetrical carbon. These characteristics determine the distinct behaviors of these compounds toward polarized light. -Geometrical isomers, such as E and Z forms, highlight the structural variations in compounds due to double bond configurations. This concept is fundamental in organic chemistry. -A polarimeter is used to measure the optical activity of compounds by observing how light is rotated. This instrument is essential for understanding optical isomerism. -Optically active substances can rotate polarized light, a key property that distinguishes them from optically inactive compounds. Examples include glucose as active and glycine as inactive. 54:37 Optical isomerism involves compounds that can exist in two forms that are mirror images of each other, known as enantiomers. These isomers exhibit unique properties, such as rotating polarized light in different directions. -Dextrorotatory isomers rotate polarized light to the right and are represented by a positive sign, while levorotatory isomers rotate it to the left, marked by a negative sign. -Chiral compounds, like certain organic molecules, possess an asymmetric carbon atom and can form optical isomers due to their unique spatial arrangements. -The concept of diastereomers, which are isomers that are not mirror images, is important in understanding the broader classification of stereoisomers in organic chemistry.