Puerto Rico is NOT a country!

The Caribbean does not fear Trump. The world has many opportunities for the Caribbean to participate.

Harris embraces what ever advances her political chances in the town she's standing in that day.

Beautiful place ❤❤

Dominica lie thats a lie we have nothing

We invited any country to take all the Haition they want and stop criticizing THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC; all these powerful countries want to make these two countries one country, but that is not going to happen; a gang of 1000 is controlling Haiti 🇭🇹 and the USA, CANADA, and other countries don’t want to fix it, but the DOMINICAN have to carry haiti WTF is that about

Haití invadió la República Dominicana en 1822 y gobernó la zona por 22 años. Las tropas haitianas, lideradas por el presidente Jean-Pierre Boyer, llegaron a Santo Domingo el 9 de febrero de 1822.   La invasión se debió a varias causas, entre ellas la situación de Haití en ese momento. Boyer fue conocido como el “unificador de Santo Domingo” por unir el norte y el sur de su país, y luego extender su territorio hasta el dominicano.  Haití continuó intentando hacerse con la República Dominicana recién creada entre 1844 y 1856, librando cuatro campañas importantes en 1844, 1845, 1849 y 1855. Haiti invaded the Dominican Republic in 1822 and ruled the area for 22 years. Haitian troops, led by President Jean-Pierre Boyer, arrived in Santo Domingo on February 9, 1822.   The invasion was due to several causes, including the situation in Haiti at the time. Boyer was known as the “unifier of Santo Domingo” for uniting the north and south of his country, and then extending his territory into the Dominican Republic.  Haiti continued to try to take over the newly created Dominican Republic between 1844 and 1856, waging four major campaigns in 1844, 1845, 1849, and 1855.

Haití invadió la República Dominicana en 1822 y gobernó la zona por 22 años. Las tropas haitianas, lideradas por el presidente Jean-Pierre Boyer, llegaron a Santo Domingo el 9 de febrero de 1822.   La invasión se debió a varias causas, entre ellas la situación de Haití en ese momento. Boyer fue conocido como el “unificador de Santo Domingo” por unir el norte y el sur de su país, y luego extender su territorio hasta el dominicano.  Haití continuó intentando hacerse con la República Dominicana recién creada entre 1844 y 1856, librando cuatro campañas importantes en 1844, 1845, 1849 y 1855.

Now Guyana is an oil producing country, their politicians should take lectures from Nigerian politicians on how to be corrupt. And how best to run their entire economy aground.

Belize was meant to be an African country created by Britain but the plan failed now Latino ciuntry

Who told you that. Don't think so

What is Caribbean? Growing up i knew it 8t as the west indies. Jamaica, guyana, Trinidad, barbados and othrrs were all called the british west indues. we all had the same flag, the British flag. i always identify as west indian. That word caribbean is European and american. The qord Caribbean actually comes from the Amerindian tribe called the carob who came from Northern south America.

murder and mayhem

Trinidad and Tobago 🇹🇹 🥰

Yes, but what many people don't realize is that over 75% of African Americans have ancestral roots in Nigeria due to the transatlantic slave trade. Furthermore, African Americans (FBA) are the most successful group among all African descendants. If Black America were a country in Africa, it would be the most prosperous nation on the continent by nearly every metric. With only 41 million people and Dr. Mark Dean is an African American computer scientist and computer engineer who co-invented the IBM personal computer in 1981. Dean's work helped modernize the computers we use today, and he was the first Black person to be named an IBM fellow in 1999. This research was done by a African brother. *Munyumba Mutwale Applied Economist and Economic Analyst* *June 23, 2020* If Black America were a country in Africa, they would be the most prosperous nation on the continent by almost every single metric, with: - A GDP PPP of $2.0 trillion (#1), followed by Nigeria ($1.12 trillion), Egypt ($1.01 trillion), South Africa ($0.73 trillion), and Algeria ($0.49 trillion) - A GDP per capita at PPP of $30,000 (#1), ahead of Seychelles ($27,572), Mauritius ($22,211), Equatorial Guinea ($20,360), and Botswana ($17,630) - The 4th lowest poverty rate of 17%, surpassed only by Seychelles, Mauritius, and Cape Verde - The most educated population with 85% high school completion, followed by Egypt (67%) and South Africa (64%) - The highest college graduate rate with 25% degree holders - The most access to healthcare with 80% insured - The 2nd most banked nation at 84%, only behind Mauritius at 85% - The 2nd highest life expectancy at 74.8 years, second only to Algeria with 77 years - The lowest death rate at 0.7 per 1,000, outperforming Rwanda, Algeria, Morocco, and Kenya, which all average around 5 deaths per 1,000 - The highest homeownership rate at 45% - The largest employer base (9%) with 2.6 million businesses - The highest employment rate with 67% of the adult population formally employed, followed by Lesotho (43%), Mauritius (42%), and Botswana (41%) - The highest percentage of dollar millionaires at 1%, followed by Seychelles (0.4%), Mauritius (0.3%), and Botswana (0.1%) - The highest wealth per adult at $35,000, compared to an African average of $200 per adult in wealth This is not including what African Americans generate for other countries, such as playing at sellout concerts around the world for the last 40+ years. As a result, African Americans generate over $3 trillion.

What is the point of being an Independent Nation if you let yourself being slapped around by foreign interests? It does not have to be so. Remember the US invasion of Grenada in 1983? Ronald Reagan had Eugenia Charles (Prime Minister of Dominica) to invite the USA to invade Grenada. Once done (the invasion) Ronald Reagan had a personal conversation with PM Charles in a limousine ride and offered military aid. Ms Charles responded that she sees no need for military aid but economic aid will be appreciated. President Reagan hesitated. She continued: "I can ask another world power to provide the economic aid." President Reagan said he will think it over. Thus was the genesis of the Caribbean Basin Initiative. An aide of PM Charles who was in the limousine told me about this exchange. Yes, a PM of an island nation of 365 square miles can change the mind of the Leader of the Free World. The Haitian Leadership has a wet noodle for a spine.

International Intervention in Haiti. Compare that with the USA failed attempts in "nation building" in Iraq and Afghanistan. Military victories are easily accomplished. Nation building is very difficult. The USA succeeded militarily in Iraq and Afghanistan but failed in "nation building". The "nation building" failure falls not on the USA but on Iraq and Afghanistan. The "nation building" success in post WW2 Japan and Germany falls not on the USA but on Japan and Germany. The mindset, value set, culture of the peoples of Japan and Germany were suitable for nation building. The intention of International Intervention in Haiti is nation building. Haiti is currently a failed state. The mindset, value set, culture of the people of Haiti is not yet suitable for nation building. To paraphrase a song by the late Eddy Kendricks: "Haiti, you need a change of mind". I am amused by talking heads discussing without end about transition committees, United Nations programs, and other such "democratic" trivialities. The Ancient Greeks had it correct: the machinery of democracy is always too slow to fix a crisis. To fix a crisis the Ancient Greek Elders appoint a tyrant whose orders are followed without question. Key: without question; because questioning (via democratic process) takes too long while the crisis worsens. What are the characteristics of the ideal tyrant? Answer: Reputation for honesty, integrity, virtue, experience, wisdom, and VIOLENCE; and nationwide respect. The tyrant is chosen from the citizenry; the tyrant cannot be a foreigner. Also: the tyrant is wise enough to retreat from power when the crisis is solved away. Usually the tyrant has to exert violence upon those damaging the citizenry. Violence brings about primordial fear and respect is the underlayer of fear. One cannot fear without respect. Fear may foment Resentment and still respect lingers with Resentment. Respect of the capability of the tyrant to eliminate you. While the pundits, empty talking heads, politicians, intellectuals emitting hot air pollution about Transition Committees and Assorted Plans, Haiti needs to find its Tyrant (in the Ancient Greek meaning), its Cincinnatus. If Haiti can find a Toussaint L'Ouverture (NOT J.J. Dessalines) as tyrant, so much the better. Haiti needs to find its Bukele. Bukele. Of El Salvador. Bukele is Arab with Lebanese roots. Although elected democratically, Bukele had to act like a tyrant (in the Ancient Greek meaning) to bring order to El Salvador. Why bring up the Arab origin of Bukele? Many of the "oligarchs" in Haiti are of Arab descent. Just as talking heads and pundits have distorted perceptions of Haiti's gangs, said talking heads and pundits have distorted perceptions of Haiti's "oligarchs". These oligarchs can take their fortunes (millions of dollars, NOT billions) and live an easy life in the USA or Europe. However these oligarchs choose Haiti, a hellhole, as their home. No one aims to make their home shitty. These oligarchs came to Haiti as refugees from the Middle East after WW2. These refugees were Christian or Jewish, not Muslim. These refugees came with little fortune and definitely NO political power. These refugees became "oligarchs" through competency, work ethic, and business honesty. These oligarchs became such because they can get things done. At one point there were 6 foreign banks in Haiti. The last foreign bank, CitiGroup, left Haiti as of July 2024. The foreign Banks sold their interests to - I presume - haitian oligarchs. There are now 8 Haitian commercial banks. Why invest in an enterprise if you have no hope for said enterprise? What hope(s) do these oligarchs see in Haiti? The talking heads and pundits seem clueless about the hopes for Haiti.

Haiti is that crazy demented psycho b***h ex-girlfriend who still clings on like dingleberries. "Go Away!!! You are not the boss of me!!! Eeewwww!!!", "Why are you ignoring me? You are a selfish, racist, bigoted bastard!!! You owe me!!!" The advocates for Haiti say "Haitians can fix their own problems." OK. It is taking the Haitian people more than 200 years to figure out, let alone fix, their problems. What is the purpose of Independence if you allow yourself to be slapped around? Haiti: "We know what we want! We know where we are going! No foreigners on our land!" Then... Haiti: "Where is the International Aid? Why you are not allowing us to take refuge in your country?" Haiti is that psycho ex-girlfriend: slap! kiss! slap! kiss!! slap!!! slap!!! Kick in the nuts. The problems of Haiti are caused by Haiti, not by external forces. People blaming the USA, France, United Nations, and others for the problems of Haiti are treating Haiti as an infant, a helpless, useless, clueless, witless child. Haiti fought hard for its independence in 1804. Haiti needs to figure out the purpose of being an independent Nation. How is Independence useful to and for the people of Haiti? For many years Haitian leadership behave to be subservient to external forces, making a farce of Haiti's supposed Independence. Back in the 1960's, an American car company made an offer to Papa Doc Duvalier: the roads, bridges, and other infrastructures will be built and maintained cost-free if the country buys all its cars and trucks from this American company. Papa Doc Duvalier rejected the offer; he liked the French Citroën and German Mercedes-Benz cars. Apparently the USA asked Haiti to establish a military base and Haiti rejected all the offers. Yes, Haiti can demonstrate Independence, display defiance. Countries are like people: there is only so much you can blame your shitty parents for ruining your life. If, when an adult, you don’t begin to put your act together, no amount of external help will help you and worse, you being to think that it will be always someone else who is coming to the rescue from the shit you do. The horrible difference is that while people eventually die, countries keep dragging along, bringing themselves down with whatever surroundings they have. Another problem is the notion of sovereignty: The same people who pull their hairs off claiming that each nation has to be independent and do whatever they want inside their borders (with whatever delusional ideology they happen to embrace), as a sovereign principle, is the same people who pulls their hairs off demanding that other nations (whoever, they will always find who to blame) help and bear the responsibility of such nations repeated bad decisions (then yes, they agree on Humanism and Human Rights as the ruling principle among nations). Hence you have an eternal cycle of “enabling” failed states.

The gang situation would still be bad even if president Moïse was still alive. Both Moïse and Henry are weak. They are "urban" politicians with no rural support. They definitely had no clout with the gangs in the country (urban, rural). Aristide had clout in the rural areas. Yes, Papa Doc Duvalier had big clout in the rural areas (Duvalier had a political alliance with the voodoo network). Aristide is an ex-priest so his Church affiliation provided network access to rural communities. Currently only Guy Philippe is building a grass roots movement outside Port-au-Prince. Guy Philippe needs to become the gang "whisperer"; Chérizier is working hard to be a kingmaker. Gangs. Some naive commentators think this is a recent thing. Nope. Militant gangs have been around since the beginning of Haiti's history. Back in the late 1800's said gangs are called "cacos". Often the caco's will settle in tents on the grounds in front of the National Palace either in support of or opposition to the president. Under Duvalier, you had the Tonton Macoutes. Under Aristide, you had the Chimères, some of whom were former Tonton Macoutes. Violent men, men with guns and machetes do not fade away and take up knitting. Gangs. They are bankrolled (to a degree) by politicians or "oligarchs". I say "to a degree" since there has been a lot of kidnappings (hundreds of them). The oligarchs and politicians are not paying enough. The oligarchs and their families are not the kidnap victims because they have their own security details. Who are these kidnap victims? Business owners? Government workers with private transportation (SUV owners being preferred targets)? Do the gangs have an extortion scheme (à la Mafia) with the business class? One of the gang leaders, Mr Chérizier, alluded to receiving funds from the Haitian diaspora. What is the estimation of annual remittances from the Haitian-American community to Haiti? Gangs. Gang members do not live in remote caves. Gangs have support of their communities. Gangs defend - ferociously - the boundaries of their fiefdom within which the gangs try to offer minimal services such as sanitation, water, and stolen electric power. And amongst the gangs there must be some sort of code of conduct. Some rule must have been violated for some gang members to be killed by the street. Vigilantism? Maybe. Maybe not. Are there regular vigilante patrols? Bwa Kale. Yep. I see some naive commentators being enthusiastic about "Bwa Kale". When some journalist mentioned "Bwa Kale" to Mr Chérizier, he just smiled and shrugged his shoulders; he is not fully onboard with this "Bwa Kale" and rightfully so. Mr Chérisier remembered well the time of déchoukage under Aristide, a favorite of the Western Left.

When evaluating the situation of Haiti in 2024, events 50 years ago matter much more than events 200 years ago. Let us start with, say, year 1950. In 1950, Haiti was 36% richer (per capita) than South Korea, in 1998 South Korea was 16 times richer (per capita) that Haiti. The SKorea-Haiti gap has been growing since. Why the difference? South Korea suffered through WW2 and the Korean War; Haiti was left untouched. The mean, rotten, nasty, rapacious International Corporations landed in South Korea to exploit, despoil, violate mercilessly the nation's land, resources, and people. All that time, said exploiter Corporations ignored Haiti. What is worse than being exploited? Answer: not being exploited at all. Per capita GDP was nearly twice as high in Haiti as in Bangladesh back in 1950--but by 2001, per capita output was higher in Bangladesh than in Haiti (by about 15 percent). The Bangladesh-Haiti gap has been growing since. In 1950 the Haitian economy was more or less at the same level as the economy of the Dominican Republic. CY2009 per capita income, of Haiti = $1,340; of Dominican Republic = $8,672. The DR-Haiti gap has been growing since. The reparation issue is a red herring. The reparations were done by 1947. In 1950, Haiti was in better shape than many countries; Haiti was untouched by WW2. Without the reparations burden Haiti will be less poor, but poor nonetheless. Who wants to intervene in Haiti? The poverty and misery of Haiti is its best defense. When the USA embargoed Cuba in 1960 about 50,000 haitians (seasonal workers) were marooned. In the 1960's and 1970's Cuba sent revolutionary activists (military, civilian) to Central America, South America, the Caribbean, and Africa. But Castro sent no agents to Haiti. Puzzling, given that there is a large haitian community in Cuba from which to recruit agents. A journalist asked the Cuban Ambassador to the United Nations why no agents were sent to Haiti. Answer: "Who wants to inherit Haiti's problems?"

USA and Haiti. The first step of a voyage is the most important because errors made in the first step are rarely corrected and the rare corrections are made very slowly. George Washington accepted a second term reluctantly and rejected a 3rd term. Jean-Jacques Dessalines made himself Emperor. George Washington adhered to the principle of Federalism, with Democracy at the State level, Dessalines went from Presidency straight to Monarchy. Dessalines was followed by Henri Christophe who declared himself King. Haïti did not start going the Democracy route. Monarchists did not return to the USA but Monarchy returned to France at least twice after the French Revolution. Today (2024 AD), Marxists pine for the violence of the French Revolution. The American Revolution preceded the Haitian and French Revolutions by at least 10 years and the latter 2 revolutions learned nothing from the first. Go figure. Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Toussaint L'Ouverture. Current Haitian rap music extols Dessalines, not so much L'Ouverture. L'Ouverture was made Governor of Saint Domingue by the French and he understood what was needed to run a country. Not Dessalines who was strictly a military man for whom gunpowder was like cocaine. Contrast Dessalines with George Washington who was Farmer and Business Man more than being General and Politician. Toussaint L'Ouverture was not popular with the newly freed slaves. The ex-slaves stopped working the land but the General exhorted them to work even harder because now they were working for themselves and not for the former French slave owners. Yes, Toussaint L'Ouverture was captured by the French and died in prison in France. Jean-Jacques Dessalines took over. The main difference between L'Ouverture and Dessalines is that L'Ouverture was not keen in destroying the means of production and Dessalines was keen on such destruction. L'Ouverture may have been into "coupé têt" but not so much into "brulé cay".

Independence for independence's sake is a silly concept. Ask yourself: what is the purpose for Independence? What is the ultimate goal: winning the war? winning the peace? Since 1804 Haiti has been losing the Peace. A 5 year-old child is foolish to seek independence from the parents. Yes, France were terrible parents. There is/was no International Child Protection Services for Nations. So Haiti, the 5 year-old child, was stuck between a rock and a hard place. Bad Karma for Haiti. Haiti is still stuck between a rock and a hard place because of its own bad governance. In 1804 Haiti found itself in an awkward position: a slave-less Nation amongst slave-full Nations. No Nation, past and present, is 100% self-sufficient and thus needs to trade non-militarily with other Nations. Haiti needed to make itself an asset, not a liability, to the community of Nations. An independent Nation is an actual Nation even if other Nations do not recognize it as such. Look at Taiwan: despite not being recognized officially by many nations ALL nations want to trade with Taiwan. Taiwan is an asset to the community of Nations. One cannot say the same about Haiti. But, but, but Taiwan did not have to suffer the torture of French-style colonial slavery!!! Swing and a miss. The point of Taiwan, which suffered through Japanese colonialism, is that even when it is the object of the People's Republic of China's campaign to delegitimize Taiwan in the eyes of the International World, Taiwan is still thriving. But let us play the Victim Olympics Game. South Korea went through WW2 and the Korean War and by 1953 South Korea was in much worse physical state than Haiti has been in 1804. Yet today (2024 AD) South Korea is in much better shape than Haiti. Key difference: in 1954 the Korean people were more educated and civilized than the Haitian ex-slaves of 1804 who were utterly uneducated and very barely domesticated. Haiti had 200 years to civilize its population and no foreign power prevented the domestication of the Haitian people. Sorry Marxist revisionists: Simon Bolivar would still have accomplished his goals against Spain without Haiti's assistance; Haiti's token help was appreciated but it was not essential. Slavery in South America would still be abolished without the advice from Pétion. The USA would still have won over Great Britain without the 200-odd freed Haitian slaves who died in the battle of Savannah. The Marxist advocates for Haiti have lost perspective: the relevant issue is the Present and the Future, not the Past. The Marxist revisionists are stuck and lost in the weeds of the Past, grasping at straws, acting like some aged movie star looking at reruns of the very distant (and very irrelevant) glorious past.

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 4 of 10). Response to some Marxist objections. (1) In 1804 there were embargoes against Haiti by France, England, USA. However these embargoes were quite porous since private merchants (English, French, American, Spanish) were still doing commerce with Haiti. In 1807 English abolished Transatlantic slave trade and in 1808 England ended the Haiti embargo; by 1814 more than 80% of Haitian trade was with England. Besides in the 1800's England and Spain were at war with France so little military naval effort was focused on Haiti. Haiti had no military navy, no merchant marine so Haiti had no capability to pursue merchant trade, no capability to project military naval power on its own. Haiti was at the mercy of others for maritime trade. Even before England ended officially the embargo (1808) England was supplying Haiti with cannons and other artillery equipment. England was at war with France and "the enemy of my enemy is my friend" jazz. (2) Many nations, when newly established, were not given a "welcome basket" by the community of Nations. The birth of the USA was greeted with war with England. The birth of Israel was greeted with war with Arab nations. The USA recognized the USSR in 1933 and the USSR was established in 1917. And yet there was USA-USSR trade before 1933. The USA recognized the People's Republic of China in 1979 and the PRC was established in 1949. And yet there was USA-PRC trade before 1979. These trades occur despite ideological differences. These trades occur because the USSR and the PRC had goods/services to offer to the community of Nations. By 1804 Haiti utterly wrecked its economic infrastructure and had little to offer to trade with the community of Nations. (3) The American Occupation of 1915-1934 did not impoverish Haiti. On the contrary, the Americans built up Haiti's degraded infrastructure: 180 bridges were built; the Péligre Dam (source of up to 1/2 of the nation's electric power) was started; Port-au-Prince was the first city in Caribbean/Latin America to have an automatic dialing phone system; General Hospital of Port-au-Prince was built; 10 more hospitals built outside of Port-au-Prince; 1000 miles of roads were built; the first Agricultural College was established in Damiens; Jacmel was the first town in the Caribbean to be electrified; US Navy built some 150 rural clinics; lighthouses were built; harbors were dredged; etc.. But, but, but the corvées!!! Americans used FORCED LABOR to build the roads!!! Nope. The corvée laws were on the books by the Haitian government since 1804. Since many communities cannot pay taxes by money, they pay said taxes by maintaining the roads near their localities. The corvée laws were derived from Ancient Roman Law. The communities were not paying their taxes with the consequence being that the roads were badly degraded. The American were simply applying Haitian Law; the tax delinquent communities needed to pay up with labor. Nobody enjoys paying taxes in any shape or form. It is cruel and inhumane to make tax delinquents to pay taxes (the horror!!!). Yet, from 1915-1934, Haiti was still a low-export economy. There were a few American companies present such as United Fruit but their operations were small compared to their operations in Central America. 3 main reasons: (a) Legal restrictions on foreigners owning land in Haiti (b) most cultivated land was owned by small farmers (c) the small farmers did not work with American companies. In Central America most cultivated land was owned by a few oligarchs and said oligarchs worked with the American companies. Yet, from 1915-1934, Haiti's per capita exports compared to the rest of the Caribbean more than doubled from 8% (1915) to 18% (1934); said ratio is 60% (1820), 5% (2005). (4) Conflict of visions between the populace (ex-slaves) and the Haitian elite (White, Mixed, Black). The ex-slaves wanted nothing more than a piece of land and cultivate it for their basic needs. Essentially the ex-slaves wanted a Subsistence Economy, a Survival Economy. Nation building was not on the mind of the ex-slaves. Nation building was on the minds of the elite who knew fully well that Haiti cannot be totally self-sufficient and thus needed to rebuild the economy to produce goods/services to trade with other Nations. The elite wanted to rebuild the plantation system and the ex-slaves wanted none of that!!! Henri Christophe (Black) was able to impose the plantation system in the North but at the cost of raising anger of the peasant (ex-slave) class. The peasant anger became so great that Henri Christophe committed suicide in 1820. Ironically, Northern Haiti under Christophe (Black) became wealthier (relatively) than Southern Haiti under Pétion (Mulatto) who pushed for Land Redistribution, not Plantation system. (5) Marxists sweep under the rug the occupation of the Dominican Republic. Why? Because it does not fit the narrative of Haiti being a victimized innocent. Haiti occupied the Dominican Republic from 1821 to 1844. Haitian president Boyer confiscated all church property, all lands owned by Whites, and deported all foreign clergy. Oh, but that was the second invasion by Haiti; in 1805, the Haitian Army invaded the Dominican Republic, reached Santo Domingo, and made a fast retreat using the destroy and burn tactics much favored by J.J Dessalines. Why the retreat? There were reports that a French flotilla was coming towards Port-au-Prince. Even after 1844 the Haitians did not give up; for the next 12 years there were several minor military excursions into the Dominican Republic. Militarism, combined with Subsistence Economy, deepens Poverty. But, but, but Haiti did not invade the DR, Haiti occupied the DR by INVITATION!!! Yep. In 1915 the USA occupied Haiti by INVITATION. In 1938 Germany occupied Austria by INVITATION. In 2014 Russia occupied Crimea by INVITATION. Independence Day in the DR celebrates independence from Haiti, not from Spain. (6) Reparations to France: the Marxists' favorite bugaboo. Were the reparations the fundamental cause of Haiti's poverty? Answer: NO. Haiti was already entrenched in Poverty by 1826 when France demanded reparations. Mind you, the 1826 reparation demand was the THIRD request; the previous 2 were made to Christophe (refused), to Pétion (refused). The third time was the charm for France. Haiti's 1821 invasion of the Dominican Republic (DR) was a strategic error. Military adventurism and a moribund economy made for a very bad mix. France was not stupid. After 5 yrs of Haiti being stuck in the DR quagmire, France popped up (again!) and made the reparations demand. Haiti cannot fight both the French and the Dominicans. Haiti decided to pay reparations. France asked only for 1 year's worth of colonial output. In 1820, Haiti's output was only 1/20 of colonial output; that it took Haiti more than 100 years to pay the reparations is no surprise. From 1826-1844 Haiti plundered the DR of its wealth to pay as much as it can for the reparations. (7) Often politically driven programs do not bring Economic or Societal Progress. What feels good usually does no good. Embracing victimhood (politically popular as of 2024 AD) brings no kind of prosperity. Become a victim and win a prize!!! Victims of the World, Unite!!!

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 3 of 10). (E) Subsistence Economy. The old and recent historical data show that exports are a small part of Haiti's economy. Settling for a Subsistence Economy, a Survival Economy is OK. There are tribes living the Stone Age style deep in the Amazon forest and in the jungles of the Congo and Papua New Guinea for thousands of years. Subsistence Economy can be done. However the Planet is populated with Predatory Nations. Fortunately for the Stone Age inhabitants of the Amazon, Central Africa and Papua New Guinea, they have the military protection of the sovereign countries in which they live. The Amish lives in a somewhat Subsistence Economy and there is no Amish Nation: the Amish community is part of the USA and is thus protected by the USA. Trying to maintain proper military power with a Subsistence Economy cannot be sustained for long. Up to 1840, the Haitian military consumed 50% of the government budget, then the consumption went down to 25% by 1860. (F) The low trust character of Haitian society. The Haitian and French revolutions have a few things in common: they are both based on J.E.A.R. = Jealousy, Envy, Anger, Resentment. JEAR is the blood of Socialism and Communism. The concern for "equality" is the launchpad for JEAR. Words "equal(ity)", "democracy" appears _________________________________Equal(ity)____Democracy US Declaration of Independence_____1_____________0 US Constitution____________________0_____________0 French Constitution 1793___________3_____________1 French Constitution 1958__________10_____________4 Haiti Constitution 1805___________3_____________0 Haiti Constitution 1987___________7_____________4 All the freed slaves in Haiti were given a plot of land and then the fun began. The Ancients had it correct: give 3 people equal amount of money at sunrise and they will become unequal before sunset. Dessalines was on his way to deal with some land speculators when he was assassinated. The point is: large-scale farms are much more efficient than small-scale farms and cooperative farms in Haiti were difficult to establish and these rare cooperatives did not last long. Thus time after time, Haiti falls back to a Subsistence Economy. Are there today (2024 AD) large landowners (you know, them evil, nasty, greedy oligarchs!)? Yes. However, in 1950, 80% of the Artibonite Valley (where rice is grown) was still in the hands of the small farmers. The national economic dynamics is still dominated by small-land farmers. The Amish, again. Amish companies are usually no more than 5 employees. Yet said small companies frequently combine together for large tasks. The trust aspect of Amish culture is rare in Haitian society. Mind you, Amish runs a mainly Subsistence Economy, not an Industrial Economy. If Haiti were Amish country, Haiti would be in much better shape. Mind you, the Amish are not warmongers and they would not invade the Dominican Republic. >>>>> Summary: Saint Domingue was a super producer of sugar in the late 1700's because of large-scale farming. Then came Independence of 1804. Land Reform: everyone gets equal share of the Land. Consequence of Land Reform: small-scale farming which brings about at best a Subsistence Economy, a Survival Economy. Haiti thus lost the status of Sugar Super-Producer and started on the Road to Poverty. Constant political turmoil is characteristic of a low-trust society. The low trust nature of Haitian culture makes difficult the establishment of cooperative farming needed for economic growth. Some may say that Haiti is not poor, that Haiti is impoverished. Poor. Impoverished. The Merriam-Webster dictionary used as an example phrase: "a country may become impoverished after a devastating war". Yes, Saint Domingue was rich. Then Saint Domingue became impoverished after a devastating war. The impoverished Saint Domingue became Haïti. Haïti started poor and has remained poor for the next 200+ years. Since 1804 Haiti had a low-export economy, namely a Subsidence Economy, a Survival Economy. Low-Export = Poverty. High-Export = Prosperity. The Low-Export Economy was and is the wish of the peasant (ex-slave) class. Democracy at play: the majority class (the peasant/ex-slave) prevailed over the minority class (the elite bourgeois) on economic matters. The elite (the bourgeoisie) wanted, wished a High-Export economy but such an economy cannot be accomplished without the labor and consent of the worker/peasant (ex-slave) class. In Haiti, a Marxist Economy was achieved long before the foundation of Marxism was put on paper.

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 2 of 10). Marxists keep harping that Haiti was France's richest colony!!! Haiti, under the French, did produce 1/2 of the world sugar output. Wow!!! Them slaves were super-producers!!! Kick the French out and Haiti will remain super-producer and the sugar riches go to the former slaves (aka haitians)!!! Right? Well... No. The following shows coffee and sugar exports in 1785 (colonial times), 1800 (war of Independence), 1820 (16 yrs after the 1804 liberation): Exports from Haiti (Million lbs) Year__________________1785____1800_____1820 Sugar (Muscovado)______95______20________5 Sugar (Clayed)___________50_______0________0 Coffee__________________80______40_______25 Sugar exports fell from 145 Million lbs to 5 Million lbs, a 96% drop. What happened to Haiti, the sugar super-producer? When Haiti dropped out of the sugar game, Cuba took over the sugar commerce in a very big way. Haiti's fall from sugar had little long-term impact on the sugar market. France's economic might did not suffer much from the loss of Saint Domingue. But, but, but Napoléon had to sell the Louisiana Territories to the USA because the war in Haiti was so costly!!! Yes and No. Yes the war in Haiti was costly but so were the wars Napoleon was waging in Europe. Sorry, Marxist revisionists: even if France retained Haiti, the Louisiana Territories would still be sold to the USA. Why did Haiti go down the poverty road? 6 main reasons. (A) Sugar mills and supporting infrastructure were destroyed by J.J. Dessalines and his associates. Dessalines was very big on "coupé têt" and "brulé cay". Enough said. (B) The Haitian people were not ready for nation building. USA and Haiti. For the USA, first was Declaration of Independence, second was War. For Haiti, first was War, second was Declaration of Independence. BIG DIFFERENCE. Years before 1776, the founders of the USA debated, argued, counter-argued about the requirements, attributes, qualities needed for nationhood, thus slowly forming a proper mindset and proper temperament of the american people for eventual nationhood. In the case of Haiti, there was first Rebellion, visceral Anger, most Righteous Anger, blood-churning lust for Revenge against the French colonists. War was engaged and won by the Haitian slaves. A war engaged without aforethought, without afterthought akin to a fight initiated by a hot-headed person driven by righteous anger. The war won, what now? Declaration of Independence of 1804 was the only valid alternative because re-inviting French rule defeats the purpose of the war. The key point is: in 1804 the Haitian people was not prepared for effective nation building. (C) Voodoo. Take a couple steps back and look at North America versus South America. South America had a 100 year head start over North America in the colonization game. It did not take long before North America surpassed South America in economic and military power. How come? Answer: the culture of South America is based on Catholicism which emphasizes on obedience to the hierarchy and the culture of North America is based on Protestantism which emphasizes the work ethic and salvation through good works. Anglophone ex-colonies did better than ex-colonies of France, Spain, Portugal. Voodoo played a prominent role in the Haitian Revolution and haitian culture; Voodoo has much more in common with Catholicism than with Protestantism. Catholicism is the religion of the elite. Voodoo is the religion of the masses. (D) Land Reform. More precisely Land Redistribution. Land Redistribution in the early 1800's were politically driven, not economically driven. In 1804, at least 90% of haitians were newly freed slaves and they ALL want a piece of land. It is very understandable. Land Redistribution was inevitable because otherwise there was to be another peasant (former slave) revolt. However the land reform brought about the collapse of the agriculture economy as compared to the colonial-era economy. Under White rule Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) was the breadbasket of Africa. Under Black rule, with Land Reform, Zimbabwe becomes a Food Importer. Land Reform in itself does not improve a country's economy, it needs to be supplemented with something else like an Industrial Reform. Post WW2 Taiwan had Land Reform (before WW2 Taiwan was a colony of Japan) SUPPLEMENTED with Industrial Policy. Land Redistribution may solve a political problem but not the economic problem.

Why Haiti began and remains poor (pt 1 of 10). During its colonial days, Haiti’s slave plantations supplied over half of the world’s sugar. But after the slaves gained their freedom from the brutal regime and the country declared independence in 1804, sugar disappeared from the economy as small farms produced coffee, subsistence agriculture, and food for local markets. In 1950, when Haiti was at least producing some sugar, its exports were far behind comparable countries: sugar exports in Puerto Rico were 35 times higher, and in the Dominican Republic exports were 14 times higher. A common explanation for Haiti’s resistance to producing sugar is that Haitian culture rejected the industry because of the associated historical traumas. However Haitians went to the DR, Cuba, even Puerto Rico to harvest sugar cane so there was not much of a cultural stigma towards the sugar industry. A major contributor to Haiti’s failure to restore its sugar economy was historical property rights institutions that created significant transaction costs to starting large-scale farms. 3 post-Independence property rights institutions: (1) a large redistribution of the former French plantations; (2) inheritance patterns on peasant land that gave every family member a veto right to selling it; and (3) a constitutional ban on foreigners owning land in Haiti. But the property rights institutions in Haiti are important because they were not established by colonists; instead, they were created by a newly independent nation in reaction to colonists. These are post-colonial institutions. From 1900 to 1960, sugar accounted for 76 percent of Cuba’s export value, 51 percent of the Dominican Republic’s, 46 percent of Puerto Rico’s, and 26 percent of Jamaica’s. Sugar contributed only 5 percent to Haiti’s exports. Less than 10% of Haiti's sugar production was exported whereas for the other Caribbean countries about 90% was exported. Since 1987 (demise of HASCO) sugar in Haiti has been a cash crop raised by peasants rather than by large-scale plantations. Sugar Exported (Million lbs) ...............Haiti.......Dom.Rep.......P.Rico.......Jamaica.......Cuba 1900______1_______150________200_________2_______1,000 1910______1_______250________500_________3_______2,000 1920______2_______300________700________10_______5,000 1930______3_______550______1,000________50_______2,000 1940______4_______700______1,500_______200_______4,500 1950______5_______900______1,600_______400_______7,000 In 2014, on coffee: Country__________________Haiti______Dom.Rep.____Cuba______Jamaica Production (tonnes)______19,500_____13,500______9,000_____1,620 Export (tonnes)___________120______1,020________660_____1,320 Export/Production (%)_______0.6________7.6_________7.3_______81.5 Population (M)_____________10.4_______10.3_______11.3_______2.8 Area (1000 km^2)___________27.8_______48.7______110.9______11.0 In part 2 of this series, I show that while the sugar industry had a 96% collapse post 1804, coffee suffered only a 75% collapse. Pre-1804 Saint-Domingue also provided 50% of world supply of coffee. Post 1804, coffee was the only saving grace for the Haitian economy. Why? Because coffee requires less labor and maintenance than sugar. Because it was more difficult to destroy coffee estates (mountains) than it is to destroy sugar estates (plains). Since 1804 Haitian coffee production never reached more than 35% of colonial levels. Still by 1820 the Haiti export per capita was only 60% of the export per capita in the rest of the Caribbean (which were still colonized). In 2014 Haiti exported 0.6% of its coffee production while Jamaica exported 81.5% of its coffee production. The low-export nature of the Haitian economy is based on the 2 principles of the ex-slave farmers: zero risk and zero investment.

12 9 24 I live on the Island of Trinidad. Christopher Columbus gave us our name

Jamaica?!

Congratulations 🎊 to all the Athletics both woman and man and Congratulations to Stona to WIN GOLD IN DISCUSS OUR FIRST WINNER IN DISCUSS GOD BLESSED YOU ALL MY JAMAICAN YARDIE

This list is fugazi

This is truly a fantastic dish that embodies global cuisine.

Do you think a Caribbean Federation would be a positive move? Support the channel by liking and sharing this video among your friends.

Tx e wa treexe. G d b ex r4rfzrji0w9 ed 4cc4489

Yes jamaica 🇯🇲 time to become like the Netherlands 🇳🇱

Yes jamaica 🇯🇲 time to become like the Netherlands 🇳🇱

Sie hat nichts mit Jamaika zu tun!

Die ist US Amerikanerin!

Had a great time at the carnival

The Dominican Republic is the richest country in the Caribbean and you didn't even mention it. What the problem you don't like us?

His this realy true

Jamaica will be the Monte Carlo n Dubai. Oil is underneath half of Jamaica in the maroon town under all of st Elizabeth negril and little london and Santa Cruz and under the sea. Buy stocks now in United oil and petrojam shares now buy save and buy all Jamaicans. This is generation wealth for all of us. If you do not buy share you don't get oaid. Learn what they did when. Alcoa.came it was worth billions and never gave us nothing because it's about shares. Marcus Harvey used shares but black American betrayed him with Edgar hoover FBI. Buy shares all Jamaican. Buy it now and hold it See video kzbin.info/www/bejne/fn6Qlmx8pLuZbpIsi=bQllVENh2CKHrbeR

no jamaicas government is so corupt

Bravo. Saint Lucia. Very good. We will keep it up.

It doesn’t matter it won’t help Jamaicans ! King Charles owns the bloody country

Jamaican is not a race; it is a nationality. You were born in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Your nationality is American. Your race is Black, Negro, of African origin. But nothing about YOU is Jamaican. This video is Jamaican desperation..

Guys as the son of the owner of Ranch de bandia this isn’t true we don’t have cheetahs yet don’t believe him he’s making u think we have all those kinda of animals for u to come and see it’s not true

She's not from Jamaica and Jamaica is not a race.

Congratulations Wayne, for getting silver. Your resilience and determination was exemplary.

No