Moors thinking they’re from Morocco is crazy work. The Blackamoors are Indigenous to this continent. The biggest scam ever was making everyone here think that they came from Africa.

Related To (Part Two) 👇🏾 On April 17, 1825, the French king suddenly changed his mind. He issued a decree stating France would recognize Haitian independence but only at the price of 150 million francs - or around 10 times the amount the U.S. had paid for the Louisiana territory. The sum was meant to compensate the French colonists for their lost revenues from slavery. Baron de Mackau, whom Charles X sent to deliver the ordinance, arrived in Haiti in July, accompanied by a squadron of 14 brigs of war carrying more than 500 cannons. Rejection of the ordinance almost certainly meant war. This was not diplomacy. It was extortion. With the threat of violence looming, on July 11, 1825, Boyer signed the fatal document, which stated, “The present inhabitants of the French part of St. Domingue shall pay … in five equal installments … the sum of 150,000,000 francs, destined to indemnify the former colonists.” French prosperity built on Haitian poverty Newspaper articles from the period reveal that the French king knew the Haitian government was hardly capable of making these payments, as the total was more than 10 times Haiti’s annual budget. The rest of the world seemed to agree that the amount was absurd. One British journalist noted that the “enormous price” constituted a “sum which few states in Europe could bear to sacrifice.” A facsimile of the bank note for the 30 million francs that Haiti borrowed from a French bank. Lepelletier de Saint-Remy, ‘Étude Et Solution Nouvelle de la Question Haïtienne.' Forced to borrow 30 million francs from French banks to make the first two payments, it was hardly a surprise to anyone when Haiti defaulted soon thereafter. Still, the new French king sent another expedition in 1838 with 12 warships to force the Haitian president's hand. The 1838 revision, inaccurately labeled "Traité d'Amitié" - or "Treaty of Friendship" - Reduced the outstanding amount owed to 60 million francs, but the Haitian government was once again ordered to take out crushing loans to pay the balance. Although the colonists claimed that the indemnity would only cover one-twelfth the value of their lost properties, including the people they claimed as their slaves, the total amount of 90 million francs was actually five times France's annual budget. The Haitian people suffered the brunt of the consequences of France's theft. Boyer levied draconian taxes in order to pay back the loans. And while Christophe had been busy developing a national school system during his reign, under Boyer, and all subsequent presidents, such projects had to be put on hold. Moreover, researchers have found that the independence debt and the resulting drain on the Haitian treasury were directly responsible not only for the underfunding of education in 20th-century Haiti, but also lack of health care and the country’s inability to develop public infrastructure. Contemporary assessments, furthermore, reveal that with the interest from all the loans, which were not completely paid off until 1947, Haitians ended up paying more than twice the value of the colonists’ claims. Recognizing the gravity of this scandal, French economist Thomas Piketty acknowledged that France should repay at least $28 billion to Haiti in restitution. A debt that’s both moral and material Former French presidents, from Jacques Chirac, to Nicolas Sarkozy, to François Hollande, have a history of punishing, skirting or downplaying Haitian demands for recompense. In May 2015, when French President François Hollande became only France’s second head of state to visit Haiti, he admitted that his country needed to “settle the debt.” Later, realizing he had unwittingly provided fuel for the legal claims already prepared by attorney Ira Kurzban on behalf of the Haitian people - former Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide had demanded formal recompense in 2002 - Hollande clarified that he meant France’s debt was merely “moral.” To deny that the consequences of slavery were also material is to deny French history itself. France belatedly abolished slavery in 1848 in its remaining colonies of Martinique, Guadeloupe, Réunion and French Guyana, which are still territories of France today. Afterwards, the French government demonstrated once again its understanding of slavery’s relationship to economics when it took it upon itself to financially compensate the former “owners” of enslaved people. The resulting racial wealth gap is no metaphor. In metropolitan France 14.1% of the population lives below the poverty line. In Martinique and Guadeloupe, in contrast, where more than 80% of the population is of African descent, the poverty rates are 38% and 46%, respectively. The poverty rate in Haiti is even more dire at 59%. And whereas the median annual income of a French family is $31,112, it’s only $450 for a Haitian family. These discrepancies are the concrete consequence of stolen labor from generations of Africans and their descendants. And because the indemnity Haiti paid to France is the first and only time a formerly enslaved people were forced to compensate those who had once enslaved them, Haiti should be at the center of the global movement for reparations. This is an updated version of an article originally published on June 30, 2020.

These commercials bonded races

Part two For Educational, Cultural and Research Purposes Only… (By: Karl R. Phillips) Geography Of Virginia GEOG 380
Project #1 / Professor Grymes How Virginia Got Its Boundaries… www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/boundaryk.html How Virginia Got Its Boundaries: is a survey essay that covers the period 1600 to 1867. This paper provides a brief summary of Virginia’s political geographic development. It explains how, when, and to some degree why Virginia’s boundaries were established. Virginia was the first of the thirteen original states to be founded and settled. The Old Dominion was initially created as a huge geographic political entity. It was generally the tradition of the English during the colonial period to establish large geographic units, and then to subsequently sub-divide them into smaller more manageable units. Related (Part 2) The English were a maritime people accustomed to navigating by the stars. Latitude was relatively easy to determine and was used extensively for the purposes of land partition in the new world. In 1607 two settlements were established in “Virginia”. The London Company founded Jamestown in the Chesapeake Bay area. The Plymouth Company established the Popham Colony at the mouth of the Kennebec River in what is now Maine. After a fierce winter the Popham settlement was abandoned. Thereafter the Plymouth Company floundered and was eventually dissolved. Jamestown did not fare much better. There was at least one attempt to abandon the settlement. With the failure of Popham all efforts were directed toward Jamestown despite appalling death rates and chronic financial losses. In 1609, King James offered the London Company a generous incentive. He granted the company a charter making Virginia a province of England, with a hefty land grant to boot. This new grant extended as far south as Cape Fear, (34th Parallel), and north to Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, (40th Parallel). Although this grant did not extend as far north as the original grant of 1606, the London Company was given clear title to the entire tract. Gone was the restriction of establishing settlements within 100 miles of the Plymouth Company towns. Also, the new grant extended all the way across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. The southern boundary extended due westward. The northern boundary extended in a northwesterly direction. The grant of 1609 placed most of the present day United States, as well as much of present-day western Canada within the legal bounds of Virginia. This grant encouraged the stockholders to invest still more treasure into the venture, and Jamestown managed to barely survive. By 1611, it seemed that Jamestown was a failure. Virtually every settler died within a few years of arriving in the colony. After four years, no gold or precious gems were discovered. No crops or animals were found that could be exported back to Europe for a profit. The discouraged investors were about to give up on Jamestown. King James was determined to establish English power in the new world however. He offered the London Company one more incentive. A third grant was issued to the London Company. The 1611 grant was similar to the 1609 grant. It also extended “from sea to sea”, but the southern boundary was relocated at the 29th Parallel. Most of what is now the southern United States, as well as northern Mexico was placed in Virginia. The island of Bermuda was also included in the 1611 grant. At that time, there were more settlers on Bermuda than Jamestown. The third grant was enough of an incentive to keep the investors interested. By 1617, tobacco was starting to generate enough profit to insure the survival of the colony. Jamestown began to flourish and served as the capital of Virginia until 1699. The period from 1611-1620 represented the greatest territorial extent of Virginia during its four-century history. Related To: #DidYouKnow🧐 Virginia was the mother of the colonies. Each of the other original colonies was directly or indirectly carved out of Virginia. It was the first territory to be claimed by England in North America. At its maximum extent, Virginia encompassed most of what is now the United States, as well as portions of Canada and Mexico. When Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement on Roanoke Island, there was no Virginia. There was only 🪢America. The English had gradually settled Newfoundland as a fishing community starting in the 1550’s. Sir Walter Raleigh, named this area Virginia an honor to Queen Elizabeth, (the Virgin Queen), with whom he sought favors. For many years thereafter the vast temperate region of North America was referred to as Virginia. It had no boundaries, and no government. After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, & American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians Complexion Like That Of An African & “As Black As Negros” kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via #Kurimeo_Ahau King Louis XV Was So Called "Black" kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJKzpGd_qLCdndUfeature=shared via @Kurimeo_Ahau PT #3 - Ancient and Modern Britons / Hungarian Invasions, The Black Danes As Picts / Dutch Colonist: kzbin.infohdkfY9dRJII?si=XzqVAVXwp0E4-Hk- via #Kurimeo_Ahau The Establishment Of "Huguenots" (Moors) In Virginia / Manakin Town / Monacan Indians Displaced: kzbin.info/www/bejne/onXIeH9vhpd6n7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers The Man Who Passed for White: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4rOmIiBqNuZnMkfeature=shared via #onemichistory Unmasking the Secret Life Behind White Passing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqS0kGudbMeoe6cfeature=shared via #onemichistory Zachariah Chandler, Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau #219 - They Tried To Send Blacks To Another Country After Slavery: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4bFp3ZpiKd8haMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 Marcel Dixon: "All Blacks Aren't Owed Money From The U.S. Government" kzbin.info-c4KKNEsjiU?feature=shared via #TheResearchGuy

Part two For Educational, Cultural and Research Purposes Only… (By: Karl R. Phillips) Geography Of Virginia GEOG 380
Project #1 / Professor Grymes How Virginia Got Its Boundaries… www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/boundaryk.html How Virginia Got Its Boundaries: is a survey essay that covers the period 1600 to 1867. This paper provides a brief summary of Virginia’s political geographic development. It explains how, when, and to some degree why Virginia’s boundaries were established. Virginia was the first of the thirteen original states to be founded and settled. The Old Dominion was initially created as a huge geographic political entity. It was generally the tradition of the English during the colonial period to establish large geographic units, and then to subsequently sub-divide them into smaller more manageable units. Related (Part 2) The English were a maritime people accustomed to navigating by the stars. Latitude was relatively easy to determine and was used extensively for the purposes of land partition in the new world. In 1607 two settlements were established in “Virginia”. The London Company founded Jamestown in the Chesapeake Bay area. The Plymouth Company established the Popham Colony at the mouth of the Kennebec River in what is now Maine. After a fierce winter the Popham settlement was abandoned. Thereafter the Plymouth Company floundered and was eventually dissolved. Jamestown did not fare much better. There was at least one attempt to abandon the settlement. With the failure of Popham all efforts were directed toward Jamestown despite appalling death rates and chronic financial losses. In 1609, King James offered the London Company a generous incentive. He granted the company a charter making Virginia a province of England, with a hefty land grant to boot. This new grant extended as far south as Cape Fear, (34th Parallel), and north to Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, (40th Parallel). Although this grant did not extend as far north as the original grant of 1606, the London Company was given clear title to the entire tract. Gone was the restriction of establishing settlements within 100 miles of the Plymouth Company towns. Also, the new grant extended all the way across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. The southern boundary extended due westward. The northern boundary extended in a northwesterly direction. The grant of 1609 placed most of the present day United States, as well as much of present-day western Canada within the legal bounds of Virginia. This grant encouraged the stockholders to invest still more treasure into the venture, and Jamestown managed to barely survive. By 1611, it seemed that Jamestown was a failure. Virtually every settler died within a few years of arriving in the colony. After four years, no gold or precious gems were discovered. No crops or animals were found that could be exported back to Europe for a profit. The discouraged investors were about to give up on Jamestown. King James was determined to establish English power in the new world however. He offered the London Company one more incentive. A third grant was issued to the London Company. The 1611 grant was similar to the 1609 grant. It also extended “from sea to sea”, but the southern boundary was relocated at the 29th Parallel. Most of what is now the southern United States, as well as northern Mexico was placed in Virginia. The island of Bermuda was also included in the 1611 grant. At that time, there were more settlers on Bermuda than Jamestown. The third grant was enough of an incentive to keep the investors interested. By 1617, tobacco was starting to generate enough profit to insure the survival of the colony. Jamestown began to flourish and served as the capital of Virginia until 1699. The period from 1611-1620 represented the greatest territorial extent of Virginia during its four-century history. Related To: #DidYouKnow🧐 Virginia was the mother of the colonies. Each of the other original colonies was directly or indirectly carved out of Virginia. It was the first territory to be claimed by England in North America. At its maximum extent, Virginia encompassed most of what is now the United States, as well as portions of Canada and Mexico. When Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement on Roanoke Island, there was no Virginia. There was only 🪢America. The English had gradually settled Newfoundland as a fishing community starting in the 1550’s. Sir Walter Raleigh, named this area Virginia an honor to Queen Elizabeth, (the Virgin Queen), with whom he sought favors. For many years thereafter the vast temperate region of North America was referred to as Virginia. It had no boundaries, and no government. After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, & American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians Complexion Like That Of An African & “As Black As Negros” kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via #Kurimeo_Ahau King Louis XV Was So Called "Black" kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJKzpGd_qLCdndUfeature=shared via @Kurimeo_Ahau PT #3 - Ancient and Modern Britons / Hungarian Invasions, The Black Danes As Picts / Dutch Colonist: kzbin.infohdkfY9dRJII?si=XzqVAVXwp0E4-Hk- via #Kurimeo_Ahau The Establishment Of "Huguenots" (Moors) In Virginia / Manakin Town / Monacan Indians Displaced: kzbin.info/www/bejne/onXIeH9vhpd6n7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers The Man Who Passed for White: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4rOmIiBqNuZnMkfeature=shared via #onemichistory Unmasking the Secret Life Behind White Passing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqS0kGudbMeoe6cfeature=shared via #onemichistory Zachariah Chandler, Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau #219 - They Tried To Send Blacks To Another Country After Slavery: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4bFp3ZpiKd8haMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 Marcel Dixon: "All Blacks Aren't Owed Money From The U.S. Government" kzbin.info-c4KKNEsjiU?feature=shared via #TheResearchGuy

Part two For Educational, Cultural and Research Purposes Only… (By: Karl R. Phillips) Geography Of Virginia GEOG 380
Project #1 / Professor Grymes How Virginia Got Its Boundaries… www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/boundaryk.html How Virginia Got Its Boundaries: is a survey essay that covers the period 1600 to 1867. This paper provides a brief summary of Virginia’s political geographic development. It explains how, when, and to some degree why Virginia’s boundaries were established. Virginia was the first of the thirteen original states to be founded and settled. The Old Dominion was initially created as a huge geographic political entity. It was generally the tradition of the English during the colonial period to establish large geographic units, and then to subsequently sub-divide them into smaller more manageable units. Related (Part 2) The English were a maritime people accustomed to navigating by the stars. Latitude was relatively easy to determine and was used extensively for the purposes of land partition in the new world. In 1607 two settlements were established in “Virginia”. The London Company founded Jamestown in the Chesapeake Bay area. The Plymouth Company established the Popham Colony at the mouth of the Kennebec River in what is now Maine. After a fierce winter the Popham settlement was abandoned. Thereafter the Plymouth Company floundered and was eventually dissolved. Jamestown did not fare much better. There was at least one attempt to abandon the settlement. With the failure of Popham all efforts were directed toward Jamestown despite appalling death rates and chronic financial losses. In 1609, King James offered the London Company a generous incentive. He granted the company a charter making Virginia a province of England, with a hefty land grant to boot. This new grant extended as far south as Cape Fear, (34th Parallel), and north to Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, (40th Parallel). Although this grant did not extend as far north as the original grant of 1606, the London Company was given clear title to the entire tract. Gone was the restriction of establishing settlements within 100 miles of the Plymouth Company towns. Also, the new grant extended all the way across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. The southern boundary extended due westward. The northern boundary extended in a northwesterly direction. The grant of 1609 placed most of the present day United States, as well as much of present-day western Canada within the legal bounds of Virginia. This grant encouraged the stockholders to invest still more treasure into the venture, and Jamestown managed to barely survive. By 1611, it seemed that Jamestown was a failure. Virtually every settler died within a few years of arriving in the colony. After four years, no gold or precious gems were discovered. No crops or animals were found that could be exported back to Europe for a profit. The discouraged investors were about to give up on Jamestown. King James was determined to establish English power in the new world however. He offered the London Company one more incentive. A third grant was issued to the London Company. The 1611 grant was similar to the 1609 grant. It also extended “from sea to sea”, but the southern boundary was relocated at the 29th Parallel. Most of what is now the southern United States, as well as northern Mexico was placed in Virginia. The island of Bermuda was also included in the 1611 grant. At that time, there were more settlers on Bermuda than Jamestown. The third grant was enough of an incentive to keep the investors interested. By 1617, tobacco was starting to generate enough profit to insure the survival of the colony. Jamestown began to flourish and served as the capital of Virginia until 1699. The period from 1611-1620 represented the greatest territorial extent of Virginia during its four-century history. Related To: #DidYouKnow🧐 Virginia was the mother of the colonies. Each of the other original colonies was directly or indirectly carved out of Virginia. It was the first territory to be claimed by England in North America. At its maximum extent, Virginia encompassed most of what is now the United States, as well as portions of Canada and Mexico. When Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement on Roanoke Island, there was no Virginia. There was only 🪢America. The English had gradually settled Newfoundland as a fishing community starting in the 1550’s. Sir Walter Raleigh, named this area Virginia an honor to Queen Elizabeth, (the Virgin Queen), with whom he sought favors. For many years thereafter the vast temperate region of North America was referred to as Virginia. It had no boundaries, and no government. After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, & American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians Complexion Like That Of An African & “As Black As Negros” kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via #Kurimeo_Ahau King Louis XV Was So Called "Black" kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJKzpGd_qLCdndUfeature=shared via @Kurimeo_Ahau PT #3 - Ancient and Modern Britons / Hungarian Invasions, The Black Danes As Picts / Dutch Colonist: kzbin.infohdkfY9dRJII?si=XzqVAVXwp0E4-Hk- via #Kurimeo_Ahau The Establishment Of "Huguenots" (Moors) In Virginia / Manakin Town / Monacan Indians Displaced: kzbin.info/www/bejne/onXIeH9vhpd6n7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers The Man Who Passed for White: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4rOmIiBqNuZnMkfeature=shared via #onemichistory Unmasking the Secret Life Behind White Passing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqS0kGudbMeoe6cfeature=shared via #onemichistory Zachariah Chandler, Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau #219 - They Tried To Send Blacks To Another Country After Slavery: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4bFp3ZpiKd8haMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 Marcel Dixon: "All Blacks Aren't Owed Money From The U.S. Government" kzbin.info-c4KKNEsjiU?feature=shared via #TheResearchGuy

Related Research Resources: Library Of Congress: Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation COLLECTION Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress Timeline… Unless otherwise noted, the individuals and organizations noted in the timeline were affiliated with the United States or Union military during the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation: * * 1860, Nov. 6
Abraham Lincoln elected president of the United States.

1860, Dec. 20
South Carolina became the first of eleven southern states to secede from the United States. Ultimately Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia would follow.

1861, Feb.
Confederate States of America organized in Montgomery, Ala., and elected Jefferson Davis president. The Confederate capital moved to Richmond, Virginia, not long after Virginia seceded in April 1861.

1861, Mar. 2
Congress passed a joint resolution proposing a thirteenth amendment to the United States Constitution which stated that "no amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State," in essence guaranteeing constitutional protection of slavery in those states wanting to retain slave systems. The amendment was sent to the states, but not ratified.

1861, Mar. 4
Lincoln inaugurated

1861, Apr. 15
President Lincoln issued a call for troops after Confederates in Charleston, South Carolina, fired on Union-held Fort Sumter, initiating the Civil War. 

1861, May
General Benjamin F. Butler declared escaped slaves who sought refuge at Fortress Monroe in Virginia to be "contraband of war" whose labor could be used by the Union. "Contrabands" became a term applied to fugitive slaves during the Civil War.

1861, July 21
First Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, Virginia

1861, Aug. 6
Congress passed the First Confiscation Act which invalidated the claims of slave owners to escaped slaves who had been used on behalf of the Confederacy; Lincoln signed into law.

1861, Sept.
General John C. Frémont, in command of the Department of the West, issued an order emancipating the slaves of disloyal citizens in Missouri. Frémont refused Lincoln's request that he modify the order with regard to slavery, and in September President Lincoln demandedFrémont to do so.

1861, Nov.
Port Royal Sound in the Sea Islands of South Carolina captured by U. S. Captain Samuel F. Du Pont. Slave owners in the area fled to the mainland, leaving thousands of slaves behind. The area around Beaufort became the scene of the "Port Royal Experiment" in which former slaves, and military authorities, abolitionists and teachers from the North first tested emancipation and the transition to freedom.

1861, Dec.
Secretary of War Simon Cameron advocated emancipation and the military employment of fugitive slaves in a draft of his annual report made public without Lincoln's approval. The final report submitted to Congress omitted these recommendations. Lincoln's annual message instead proposed compensated emancipation and colonization measures.

1862, Mar. 6
Lincoln submitted to Congress a joint resolutionproposing a federally compensation emancipation plan. Both houses of Congress passed the resolution in April, but state legislatures in the effected states failed to respond.

1862, Mar. 13
Congress passed an article of war prohibiting the army from returning escaped slaves to their masters; Lincoln signed into law.

1862, Apr. 16
Congress abolished slavery in the District of Columbia with a compensated emancipation program; Lincoln signed into law. 

1862, May
General David Hunter declared free slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. President Lincoln quickly revoked Hunter's proclamation.

1862, June
Congress outlawed slavery in federal territories; Lincoln signed into law.

1862, July 12
Lincoln met with congressmen from the border states to encourage them to adopt gradual, compensated emancipation measures in their own states, but two days later they rejected his appeal.

1862, July 13
Lincoln discussed a possible emancipation proclamation with Secretaries William H. Seward and Gideon Welles.

1862, July 17
Congress passed the Second Confiscation Act, which included provisions that freed the slaves of disloyal owners, authorized the president to employ African Americans in the suppression of the rebellion, and called for exploring voluntary colonization efforts.

Congress passed the Militia Act, which authorized the employment of African Americans in the military, freedom for those who were enslaved, and freedom for their families if owned by those disloyal to the Union. Lincoln signed into law. 

1862, July 22
Lincoln presented a draft Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet. Secretary Seward suggested waiting for a Union military victory before issuing a proclamation.

1862, Aug.
General Benjamin F. Butler incorporated into the Union military effort several African American "Native Guard" units organized in Louisiana. 

1862, Aug. 20 
Lincoln responded to New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley's "Prayer of Twenty Millions" editorial in support of emancipation. 

1862, Aug. 25
War Department authorized recruitment of African American soldiers in the South Carolina Sea Islands

1862, Sept. 17
Battle of Antietam considered a Union victory

1862, Sept. 22
President Lincoln issued the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that as of January 1, 1863 "all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."

1862, Oct.
Confederate Congress passed "twenty-negro law," which exempted from military service one man per plantation with twenty or more slaves.

1862, Dec.
Confederate President Jefferson Davis proclaimed that captured African American soldiers and their white officers would not be treated as prisoners of war. 

1863, Jan. 1
Lincoln signed the Final Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves not residing in specified Union-controlled areas of the Confederacy, and authorized enrollment of African Americans into the military. 

1863, Apr.-May
Chancellorsville campaign in Virginia

1863, May
Bureau of Colored Troops established

1863, May-June
Black troops participated in the Battles of Port Hudson and Milliken's Bend in Louisiana

1863, July
Union victories at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi

Targets of draft rioters in New York City include African Americans

Assault on Fort Wagner near Charleston, S.C. led by black troops

1863, Aug. 10
Lincoln met with Frederick Douglass to discuss recruitment of black troops

1863, Aug. 26
Lincoln wrote public letter for James C. Conkling in which he defended his emancipation policies. The letter was read at a mass Union meeting in Springfield, Illinois.

1863, Nov. 19
Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the national cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

1863, Dec. 8
Lincoln issued his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which established lenient terms for the return to the Union of former Confederates, but required them to "abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the President made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves."

1864, Apr. 4 
Lincoln explained the progress of his decisions related to emancipation in a letter written to Albert Hodges.

1864, Apr.8
United States Senate passed a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment abolishing slavery

1864, Apr. 12
Massacre of African American soldiers captured by Confederate troops led by General Nathan Bedford Forrest at Fort Pillow, Tennessee

1864, May-June
Overland Campaign in Virginia

1864, June 
Petersburg campaign began in Virginia

1864, Sept. 1
Fall of Atlanta, Georgia

1864, Nov. 8 
Lincoln re-elected president

1865, Jan. 16
General William T. Sherman issued Special Field Order 15, reserving confiscated land in coastal South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida for settlement by former slaves freed during the war. 

1865, Jan. 31
United States House of Representatives passed the joint resolution proposing a thirteenth constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, which the Senate had passed in April 1864. The proposed amendment was sent to the states for ratification.

1865, Mar.
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands ("Freedmen's Bureau") established within the War Department in March

Confederate Congress authorized recruitment of slaves as soldiers with permission of owners

1865, Apr. 9
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.

1865, Apr. 11
In what was his final speech, Lincoln suggested limited voting rights for "very intelligent" African-American men and those who had served in the military.

1865, Apr. 14
Abraham Lincoln shot at Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died at 7:22 a.m. on April 15 (further details available in Lincoln assassination timeline).

1865, Dec. 18
Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Related Research Resources: Library Of Congress: Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation COLLECTION Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress Timeline… Unless otherwise noted, the individuals and organizations noted in the timeline were affiliated with the United States or Union military during the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation: * * 1860, Nov. 6
Abraham Lincoln elected president of the United States.

1860, Dec. 20
South Carolina became the first of eleven southern states to secede from the United States. Ultimately Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia would follow.

1861, Feb.
Confederate States of America organized in Montgomery, Ala., and elected Jefferson Davis president. The Confederate capital moved to Richmond, Virginia, not long after Virginia seceded in April 1861.

1861, Mar. 2
Congress passed a joint resolution proposing a thirteenth amendment to the United States Constitution which stated that "no amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State," in essence guaranteeing constitutional protection of slavery in those states wanting to retain slave systems. The amendment was sent to the states, but not ratified.

1861, Mar. 4
Lincoln inaugurated

1861, Apr. 15
President Lincoln issued a call for troops after Confederates in Charleston, South Carolina, fired on Union-held Fort Sumter, initiating the Civil War. 

1861, May
General Benjamin F. Butler declared escaped slaves who sought refuge at Fortress Monroe in Virginia to be "contraband of war" whose labor could be used by the Union. "Contrabands" became a term applied to fugitive slaves during the Civil War.

1861, July 21
First Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, Virginia

1861, Aug. 6
Congress passed the First Confiscation Act which invalidated the claims of slave owners to escaped slaves who had been used on behalf of the Confederacy; Lincoln signed into law.

1861, Sept.
General John C. Frémont, in command of the Department of the West, issued an order emancipating the slaves of disloyal citizens in Missouri. Frémont refused Lincoln's request that he modify the order with regard to slavery, and in September President Lincoln demandedFrémont to do so.

1861, Nov.
Port Royal Sound in the Sea Islands of South Carolina captured by U. S. Captain Samuel F. Du Pont. Slave owners in the area fled to the mainland, leaving thousands of slaves behind. The area around Beaufort became the scene of the "Port Royal Experiment" in which former slaves, and military authorities, abolitionists and teachers from the North first tested emancipation and the transition to freedom.

1861, Dec.
Secretary of War Simon Cameron advocated emancipation and the military employment of fugitive slaves in a draft of his annual report made public without Lincoln's approval. The final report submitted to Congress omitted these recommendations. Lincoln's annual message instead proposed compensated emancipation and colonization measures.

1862, Mar. 6
Lincoln submitted to Congress a joint resolutionproposing a federally compensation emancipation plan. Both houses of Congress passed the resolution in April, but state legislatures in the effected states failed to respond.

1862, Mar. 13
Congress passed an article of war prohibiting the army from returning escaped slaves to their masters; Lincoln signed into law.

1862, Apr. 16
Congress abolished slavery in the District of Columbia with a compensated emancipation program; Lincoln signed into law. 

1862, May
General David Hunter declared free slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. President Lincoln quickly revoked Hunter's proclamation.

1862, June
Congress outlawed slavery in federal territories; Lincoln signed into law.

1862, July 12
Lincoln met with congressmen from the border states to encourage them to adopt gradual, compensated emancipation measures in their own states, but two days later they rejected his appeal.

1862, July 13
Lincoln discussed a possible emancipation proclamation with Secretaries William H. Seward and Gideon Welles.

1862, July 17
Congress passed the Second Confiscation Act, which included provisions that freed the slaves of disloyal owners, authorized the president to employ African Americans in the suppression of the rebellion, and called for exploring voluntary colonization efforts.

Congress passed the Militia Act, which authorized the employment of African Americans in the military, freedom for those who were enslaved, and freedom for their families if owned by those disloyal to the Union. Lincoln signed into law. 

1862, July 22
Lincoln presented a draft Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet. Secretary Seward suggested waiting for a Union military victory before issuing a proclamation.

1862, Aug.
General Benjamin F. Butler incorporated into the Union military effort several African American "Native Guard" units organized in Louisiana. 

1862, Aug. 20 
Lincoln responded to New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley's "Prayer of Twenty Millions" editorial in support of emancipation. 

1862, Aug. 25
War Department authorized recruitment of African American soldiers in the South Carolina Sea Islands

1862, Sept. 17
Battle of Antietam considered a Union victory

1862, Sept. 22
President Lincoln issued the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that as of January 1, 1863 "all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."

1862, Oct.
Confederate Congress passed "twenty-negro law," which exempted from military service one man per plantation with twenty or more slaves.

1862, Dec.
Confederate President Jefferson Davis proclaimed that captured African American soldiers and their white officers would not be treated as prisoners of war. 

1863, Jan. 1
Lincoln signed the Final Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves not residing in specified Union-controlled areas of the Confederacy, and authorized enrollment of African Americans into the military. 

1863, Apr.-May
Chancellorsville campaign in Virginia

1863, May
Bureau of Colored Troops established

1863, May-June
Black troops participated in the Battles of Port Hudson and Milliken's Bend in Louisiana

1863, July
Union victories at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi

Targets of draft rioters in New York City include African Americans

Assault on Fort Wagner near Charleston, S.C. led by black troops

1863, Aug. 10
Lincoln met with Frederick Douglass to discuss recruitment of black troops

1863, Aug. 26
Lincoln wrote public letter for James C. Conkling in which he defended his emancipation policies. The letter was read at a mass Union meeting in Springfield, Illinois.

1863, Nov. 19
Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the national cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

1863, Dec. 8
Lincoln issued his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which established lenient terms for the return to the Union of former Confederates, but required them to "abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the President made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves."

1864, Apr. 4 
Lincoln explained the progress of his decisions related to emancipation in a letter written to Albert Hodges.

1864, Apr.8
United States Senate passed a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment abolishing slavery

1864, Apr. 12
Massacre of African American soldiers captured by Confederate troops led by General Nathan Bedford Forrest at Fort Pillow, Tennessee

1864, May-June
Overland Campaign in Virginia

1864, June 
Petersburg campaign began in Virginia

1864, Sept. 1
Fall of Atlanta, Georgia

1864, Nov. 8 
Lincoln re-elected president

1865, Jan. 16
General William T. Sherman issued Special Field Order 15, reserving confiscated land in coastal South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida for settlement by former slaves freed during the war. 

1865, Jan. 31
United States House of Representatives passed the joint resolution proposing a thirteenth constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, which the Senate had passed in April 1864. The proposed amendment was sent to the states for ratification.

1865, Mar.
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands ("Freedmen's Bureau") established within the War Department in March

Confederate Congress authorized recruitment of slaves as soldiers with permission of owners

1865, Apr. 9
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.

1865, Apr. 11
In what was his final speech, Lincoln suggested limited voting rights for "very intelligent" African-American men and those who had served in the military.

1865, Apr. 14
Abraham Lincoln shot at Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died at 7:22 a.m. on April 15 (further details available in Lincoln assassination timeline).

1865, Dec. 18
Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Related Research Resources: Library Of Congress: Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation COLLECTION Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress Timeline… Unless otherwise noted, the individuals and organizations noted in the timeline were affiliated with the United States or Union military during the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation: * * 1860, Nov. 6
Abraham Lincoln elected president of the United States.

1860, Dec. 20
South Carolina became the first of eleven southern states to secede from the United States. Ultimately Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia would follow.

1861, Feb.
Confederate States of America organized in Montgomery, Ala., and elected Jefferson Davis president. The Confederate capital moved to Richmond, Virginia, not long after Virginia seceded in April 1861.

1861, Mar. 2
Congress passed a joint resolution proposing a thirteenth amendment to the United States Constitution which stated that "no amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State," in essence guaranteeing constitutional protection of slavery in those states wanting to retain slave systems. The amendment was sent to the states, but not ratified.

1861, Mar. 4
Lincoln inaugurated

1861, Apr. 15
President Lincoln issued a call for troops after Confederates in Charleston, South Carolina, fired on Union-held Fort Sumter, initiating the Civil War. 

1861, May
General Benjamin F. Butler declared escaped slaves who sought refuge at Fortress Monroe in Virginia to be "contraband of war" whose labor could be used by the Union. "Contrabands" became a term applied to fugitive slaves during the Civil War.

1861, July 21
First Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, Virginia

1861, Aug. 6
Congress passed the First Confiscation Act which invalidated the claims of slave owners to escaped slaves who had been used on behalf of the Confederacy; Lincoln signed into law.

1861, Sept.
General John C. Frémont, in command of the Department of the West, issued an order emancipating the slaves of disloyal citizens in Missouri. Frémont refused Lincoln's request that he modify the order with regard to slavery, and in September President Lincoln demandedFrémont to do so.

1861, Nov.
Port Royal Sound in the Sea Islands of South Carolina captured by U. S. Captain Samuel F. Du Pont. Slave owners in the area fled to the mainland, leaving thousands of slaves behind. The area around Beaufort became the scene of the "Port Royal Experiment" in which former slaves, and military authorities, abolitionists and teachers from the North first tested emancipation and the transition to freedom.

1861, Dec.
Secretary of War Simon Cameron advocated emancipation and the military employment of fugitive slaves in a draft of his annual report made public without Lincoln's approval. The final report submitted to Congress omitted these recommendations. Lincoln's annual message instead proposed compensated emancipation and colonization measures.

1862, Mar. 6
Lincoln submitted to Congress a joint resolutionproposing a federally compensation emancipation plan. Both houses of Congress passed the resolution in April, but state legislatures in the effected states failed to respond.

1862, Mar. 13
Congress passed an article of war prohibiting the army from returning escaped slaves to their masters; Lincoln signed into law.

1862, Apr. 16
Congress abolished slavery in the District of Columbia with a compensated emancipation program; Lincoln signed into law. 

1862, May
General David Hunter declared free slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. President Lincoln quickly revoked Hunter's proclamation.

1862, June
Congress outlawed slavery in federal territories; Lincoln signed into law.

1862, July 12
Lincoln met with congressmen from the border states to encourage them to adopt gradual, compensated emancipation measures in their own states, but two days later they rejected his appeal.

1862, July 13
Lincoln discussed a possible emancipation proclamation with Secretaries William H. Seward and Gideon Welles.

1862, July 17
Congress passed the Second Confiscation Act, which included provisions that freed the slaves of disloyal owners, authorized the president to employ African Americans in the suppression of the rebellion, and called for exploring voluntary colonization efforts.

Congress passed the Militia Act, which authorized the employment of African Americans in the military, freedom for those who were enslaved, and freedom for their families if owned by those disloyal to the Union. Lincoln signed into law. 

1862, July 22
Lincoln presented a draft Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet. Secretary Seward suggested waiting for a Union military victory before issuing a proclamation.

1862, Aug.
General Benjamin F. Butler incorporated into the Union military effort several African American "Native Guard" units organized in Louisiana. 

1862, Aug. 20 
Lincoln responded to New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley's "Prayer of Twenty Millions" editorial in support of emancipation. 

1862, Aug. 25
War Department authorized recruitment of African American soldiers in the South Carolina Sea Islands

1862, Sept. 17
Battle of Antietam considered a Union victory

1862, Sept. 22
President Lincoln issued the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that as of January 1, 1863 "all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."

1862, Oct.
Confederate Congress passed "twenty-negro law," which exempted from military service one man per plantation with twenty or more slaves.

1862, Dec.
Confederate President Jefferson Davis proclaimed that captured African American soldiers and their white officers would not be treated as prisoners of war. 

1863, Jan. 1
Lincoln signed the Final Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves not residing in specified Union-controlled areas of the Confederacy, and authorized enrollment of African Americans into the military. 

1863, Apr.-May
Chancellorsville campaign in Virginia

1863, May
Bureau of Colored Troops established

1863, May-June
Black troops participated in the Battles of Port Hudson and Milliken's Bend in Louisiana

1863, July
Union victories at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi

Targets of draft rioters in New York City include African Americans

Assault on Fort Wagner near Charleston, S.C. led by black troops

1863, Aug. 10
Lincoln met with Frederick Douglass to discuss recruitment of black troops

1863, Aug. 26
Lincoln wrote public letter for James C. Conkling in which he defended his emancipation policies. The letter was read at a mass Union meeting in Springfield, Illinois.

1863, Nov. 19
Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the national cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

1863, Dec. 8
Lincoln issued his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which established lenient terms for the return to the Union of former Confederates, but required them to "abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the President made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves."

1864, Apr. 4 
Lincoln explained the progress of his decisions related to emancipation in a letter written to Albert Hodges.

1864, Apr.8
United States Senate passed a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment abolishing slavery

1864, Apr. 12
Massacre of African American soldiers captured by Confederate troops led by General Nathan Bedford Forrest at Fort Pillow, Tennessee

1864, May-June
Overland Campaign in Virginia

1864, June 
Petersburg campaign began in Virginia

1864, Sept. 1
Fall of Atlanta, Georgia

1864, Nov. 8 
Lincoln re-elected president

1865, Jan. 16
General William T. Sherman issued Special Field Order 15, reserving confiscated land in coastal South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida for settlement by former slaves freed during the war. 

1865, Jan. 31
United States House of Representatives passed the joint resolution proposing a thirteenth constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, which the Senate had passed in April 1864. The proposed amendment was sent to the states for ratification.

1865, Mar.
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands ("Freedmen's Bureau") established within the War Department in March

Confederate Congress authorized recruitment of slaves as soldiers with permission of owners

1865, Apr. 9
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.

1865, Apr. 11
In what was his final speech, Lincoln suggested limited voting rights for "very intelligent" African-American men and those who had served in the military.

1865, Apr. 14
Abraham Lincoln shot at Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died at 7:22 a.m. on April 15 (further details available in Lincoln assassination timeline).

1865, Dec. 18
Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Related Research Resources: Library Of Congress: Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation COLLECTION Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress Timeline… Unless otherwise noted, the individuals and organizations noted in the timeline were affiliated with the United States or Union military during the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation: * * 1860, Nov. 6
Abraham Lincoln elected president of the United States.

1860, Dec. 20
South Carolina became the first of eleven southern states to secede from the United States. Ultimately Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia would follow.

1861, Feb.
Confederate States of America organized in Montgomery, Ala., and elected Jefferson Davis president. The Confederate capital moved to Richmond, Virginia, not long after Virginia seceded in April 1861.

1861, Mar. 2
Congress passed a joint resolution proposing a thirteenth amendment to the United States Constitution which stated that "no amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State," in essence guaranteeing constitutional protection of slavery in those states wanting to retain slave systems. The amendment was sent to the states, but not ratified.

1861, Mar. 4
Lincoln inaugurated

1861, Apr. 15
President Lincoln issued a call for troops after Confederates in Charleston, South Carolina, fired on Union-held Fort Sumter, initiating the Civil War. 

1861, May
General Benjamin F. Butler declared escaped slaves who sought refuge at Fortress Monroe in Virginia to be "contraband of war" whose labor could be used by the Union. "Contrabands" became a term applied to fugitive slaves during the Civil War.

1861, July 21
First Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, Virginia

1861, Aug. 6
Congress passed the First Confiscation Act which invalidated the claims of slave owners to escaped slaves who had been used on behalf of the Confederacy; Lincoln signed into law.

1861, Sept.
General John C. Frémont, in command of the Department of the West, issued an order emancipating the slaves of disloyal citizens in Missouri. Frémont refused Lincoln's request that he modify the order with regard to slavery, and in September President Lincoln demandedFrémont to do so.

1861, Nov.
Port Royal Sound in the Sea Islands of South Carolina captured by U. S. Captain Samuel F. Du Pont. Slave owners in the area fled to the mainland, leaving thousands of slaves behind. The area around Beaufort became the scene of the "Port Royal Experiment" in which former slaves, and military authorities, abolitionists and teachers from the North first tested emancipation and the transition to freedom.

1861, Dec.
Secretary of War Simon Cameron advocated emancipation and the military employment of fugitive slaves in a draft of his annual report made public without Lincoln's approval. The final report submitted to Congress omitted these recommendations. Lincoln's annual message instead proposed compensated emancipation and colonization measures.

1862, Mar. 6
Lincoln submitted to Congress a joint resolutionproposing a federally compensation emancipation plan. Both houses of Congress passed the resolution in April, but state legislatures in the effected states failed to respond.

1862, Mar. 13
Congress passed an article of war prohibiting the army from returning escaped slaves to their masters; Lincoln signed into law.

1862, Apr. 16
Congress abolished slavery in the District of Columbia with a compensated emancipation program; Lincoln signed into law. 

1862, May
General David Hunter declared free slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. President Lincoln quickly revoked Hunter's proclamation.

1862, June
Congress outlawed slavery in federal territories; Lincoln signed into law.

1862, July 12
Lincoln met with congressmen from the border states to encourage them to adopt gradual, compensated emancipation measures in their own states, but two days later they rejected his appeal.

1862, July 13
Lincoln discussed a possible emancipation proclamation with Secretaries William H. Seward and Gideon Welles.

1862, July 17
Congress passed the Second Confiscation Act, which included provisions that freed the slaves of disloyal owners, authorized the president to employ African Americans in the suppression of the rebellion, and called for exploring voluntary colonization efforts.

Congress passed the Militia Act, which authorized the employment of African Americans in the military, freedom for those who were enslaved, and freedom for their families if owned by those disloyal to the Union. Lincoln signed into law. 

1862, July 22
Lincoln presented a draft Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet. Secretary Seward suggested waiting for a Union military victory before issuing a proclamation.

1862, Aug.
General Benjamin F. Butler incorporated into the Union military effort several African American "Native Guard" units organized in Louisiana. 

1862, Aug. 20 
Lincoln responded to New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley's "Prayer of Twenty Millions" editorial in support of emancipation. 

1862, Aug. 25
War Department authorized recruitment of African American soldiers in the South Carolina Sea Islands

1862, Sept. 17
Battle of Antietam considered a Union victory

1862, Sept. 22
President Lincoln issued the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that as of January 1, 1863 "all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."

1862, Oct.
Confederate Congress passed "twenty-negro law," which exempted from military service one man per plantation with twenty or more slaves.

1862, Dec.
Confederate President Jefferson Davis proclaimed that captured African American soldiers and their white officers would not be treated as prisoners of war. 

1863, Jan. 1
Lincoln signed the Final Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves not residing in specified Union-controlled areas of the Confederacy, and authorized enrollment of African Americans into the military. 

1863, Apr.-May
Chancellorsville campaign in Virginia

1863, May
Bureau of Colored Troops established

1863, May-June
Black troops participated in the Battles of Port Hudson and Milliken's Bend in Louisiana

1863, July
Union victories at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi

Targets of draft rioters in New York City include African Americans

Assault on Fort Wagner near Charleston, S.C. led by black troops

1863, Aug. 10
Lincoln met with Frederick Douglass to discuss recruitment of black troops

1863, Aug. 26
Lincoln wrote public letter for James C. Conkling in which he defended his emancipation policies. The letter was read at a mass Union meeting in Springfield, Illinois.

1863, Nov. 19
Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the national cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

1863, Dec. 8
Lincoln issued his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which established lenient terms for the return to the Union of former Confederates, but required them to "abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the President made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves."

1864, Apr. 4 
Lincoln explained the progress of his decisions related to emancipation in a letter written to Albert Hodges.

1864, Apr.8
United States Senate passed a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment abolishing slavery

1864, Apr. 12
Massacre of African American soldiers captured by Confederate troops led by General Nathan Bedford Forrest at Fort Pillow, Tennessee

1864, May-June
Overland Campaign in Virginia

1864, June 
Petersburg campaign began in Virginia

1864, Sept. 1
Fall of Atlanta, Georgia

1864, Nov. 8 
Lincoln re-elected president

1865, Jan. 16
General William T. Sherman issued Special Field Order 15, reserving confiscated land in coastal South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida for settlement by former slaves freed during the war. 

1865, Jan. 31
United States House of Representatives passed the joint resolution proposing a thirteenth constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, which the Senate had passed in April 1864. The proposed amendment was sent to the states for ratification.

1865, Mar.
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands ("Freedmen's Bureau") established within the War Department in March

Confederate Congress authorized recruitment of slaves as soldiers with permission of owners

1865, Apr. 9
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.

1865, Apr. 11
In what was his final speech, Lincoln suggested limited voting rights for "very intelligent" African-American men and those who had served in the military.

1865, Apr. 14
Abraham Lincoln shot at Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died at 7:22 a.m. on April 15 (further details available in Lincoln assassination timeline).

1865, Dec. 18
Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Related Research Resources: Library Of Congress: Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation COLLECTION Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress Timeline… Unless otherwise noted, the individuals and organizations noted in the timeline were affiliated with the United States or Union military during the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation: * * 1860, Nov. 6
Abraham Lincoln elected president of the United States.

1860, Dec. 20
South Carolina became the first of eleven southern states to secede from the United States. Ultimately Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia would follow.

1861, Feb.
Confederate States of America organized in Montgomery, Ala., and elected Jefferson Davis president. The Confederate capital moved to Richmond, Virginia, not long after Virginia seceded in April 1861.

1861, Mar. 2
Congress passed a joint resolution proposing a thirteenth amendment to the United States Constitution which stated that "no amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State," in essence guaranteeing constitutional protection of slavery in those states wanting to retain slave systems. The amendment was sent to the states, but not ratified.

1861, Mar. 4
Lincoln inaugurated

1861, Apr. 15
President Lincoln issued a call for troops after Confederates in Charleston, South Carolina, fired on Union-held Fort Sumter, initiating the Civil War. 

1861, May
General Benjamin F. Butler declared escaped slaves who sought refuge at Fortress Monroe in Virginia to be "contraband of war" whose labor could be used by the Union. "Contrabands" became a term applied to fugitive slaves during the Civil War.

1861, July 21
First Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, Virginia

1861, Aug. 6
Congress passed the First Confiscation Act which invalidated the claims of slave owners to escaped slaves who had been used on behalf of the Confederacy; Lincoln signed into law.

1861, Sept.
General John C. Frémont, in command of the Department of the West, issued an order emancipating the slaves of disloyal citizens in Missouri. Frémont refused Lincoln's request that he modify the order with regard to slavery, and in September President Lincoln demandedFrémont to do so.

1861, Nov.
Port Royal Sound in the Sea Islands of South Carolina captured by U. S. Captain Samuel F. Du Pont. Slave owners in the area fled to the mainland, leaving thousands of slaves behind. The area around Beaufort became the scene of the "Port Royal Experiment" in which former slaves, and military authorities, abolitionists and teachers from the North first tested emancipation and the transition to freedom.

1861, Dec.
Secretary of War Simon Cameron advocated emancipation and the military employment of fugitive slaves in a draft of his annual report made public without Lincoln's approval. The final report submitted to Congress omitted these recommendations. Lincoln's annual message instead proposed compensated emancipation and colonization measures.

1862, Mar. 6
Lincoln submitted to Congress a joint resolutionproposing a federally compensation emancipation plan. Both houses of Congress passed the resolution in April, but state legislatures in the effected states failed to respond.

1862, Mar. 13
Congress passed an article of war prohibiting the army from returning escaped slaves to their masters; Lincoln signed into law.

1862, Apr. 16
Congress abolished slavery in the District of Columbia with a compensated emancipation program; Lincoln signed into law. 

1862, May
General David Hunter declared free slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. President Lincoln quickly revoked Hunter's proclamation.

1862, June
Congress outlawed slavery in federal territories; Lincoln signed into law.

1862, July 12
Lincoln met with congressmen from the border states to encourage them to adopt gradual, compensated emancipation measures in their own states, but two days later they rejected his appeal.

1862, July 13
Lincoln discussed a possible emancipation proclamation with Secretaries William H. Seward and Gideon Welles.

1862, July 17
Congress passed the Second Confiscation Act, which included provisions that freed the slaves of disloyal owners, authorized the president to employ African Americans in the suppression of the rebellion, and called for exploring voluntary colonization efforts.

Congress passed the Militia Act, which authorized the employment of African Americans in the military, freedom for those who were enslaved, and freedom for their families if owned by those disloyal to the Union. Lincoln signed into law. 

1862, July 22
Lincoln presented a draft Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet. Secretary Seward suggested waiting for a Union military victory before issuing a proclamation.

1862, Aug.
General Benjamin F. Butler incorporated into the Union military effort several African American "Native Guard" units organized in Louisiana. 

1862, Aug. 20 
Lincoln responded to New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley's "Prayer of Twenty Millions" editorial in support of emancipation. 

1862, Aug. 25
War Department authorized recruitment of African American soldiers in the South Carolina Sea Islands

1862, Sept. 17
Battle of Antietam considered a Union victory

1862, Sept. 22
President Lincoln issued the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that as of January 1, 1863 "all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."

1862, Oct.
Confederate Congress passed "twenty-negro law," which exempted from military service one man per plantation with twenty or more slaves.

1862, Dec.
Confederate President Jefferson Davis proclaimed that captured African American soldiers and their white officers would not be treated as prisoners of war. 

1863, Jan. 1
Lincoln signed the Final Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves not residing in specified Union-controlled areas of the Confederacy, and authorized enrollment of African Americans into the military. 

1863, Apr.-May
Chancellorsville campaign in Virginia

1863, May
Bureau of Colored Troops established

1863, May-June
Black troops participated in the Battles of Port Hudson and Milliken's Bend in Louisiana

1863, July
Union victories at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi

Targets of draft rioters in New York City include African Americans

Assault on Fort Wagner near Charleston, S.C. led by black troops

1863, Aug. 10
Lincoln met with Frederick Douglass to discuss recruitment of black troops

1863, Aug. 26
Lincoln wrote public letter for James C. Conkling in which he defended his emancipation policies. The letter was read at a mass Union meeting in Springfield, Illinois.

1863, Nov. 19
Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the national cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

1863, Dec. 8
Lincoln issued his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which established lenient terms for the return to the Union of former Confederates, but required them to "abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the President made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves."

1864, Apr. 4 
Lincoln explained the progress of his decisions related to emancipation in a letter written to Albert Hodges.

1864, Apr.8
United States Senate passed a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment abolishing slavery

1864, Apr. 12
Massacre of African American soldiers captured by Confederate troops led by General Nathan Bedford Forrest at Fort Pillow, Tennessee

1864, May-June
Overland Campaign in Virginia

1864, June 
Petersburg campaign began in Virginia

1864, Sept. 1
Fall of Atlanta, Georgia

1864, Nov. 8 
Lincoln re-elected president

1865, Jan. 16
General William T. Sherman issued Special Field Order 15, reserving confiscated land in coastal South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida for settlement by former slaves freed during the war. 

1865, Jan. 31
United States House of Representatives passed the joint resolution proposing a thirteenth constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, which the Senate had passed in April 1864. The proposed amendment was sent to the states for ratification.

1865, Mar.
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands ("Freedmen's Bureau") established within the War Department in March

Confederate Congress authorized recruitment of slaves as soldiers with permission of owners

1865, Apr. 9
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.

1865, Apr. 11
In what was his final speech, Lincoln suggested limited voting rights for "very intelligent" African-American men and those who had served in the military.

1865, Apr. 14
Abraham Lincoln shot at Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died at 7:22 a.m. on April 15 (further details available in Lincoln assassination timeline).

1865, Dec. 18
Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

#TurtleIslandDidYouKnow #DarkHiddenHistory #AncientAmerica #PaperGenocide #BrokenTreaties #LandGrab #TribalWars🪶#PrisonersOfWar #CivilWars #TribalWars #NorthVerseSouth #Parkside Did You Know?🧐 For Educational, Cultural and Research Purposes Only… Related To: (By: Karl R. Phillips) Geography Of Virginia GEOG 380
Project #1 / Professor Grymes How Virginia Got Its Boundaries… www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/boundaryk.html How Virginia Got Its Boundaries: is a survey essay that covers the period 1600 to 1867. This paper provides a brief summary of Virginia’s political geographic development. It explains how, when, and to some degree why Virginia’s boundaries were established. Virginia was the first of the thirteen original states to be founded and settled. The Old Dominion was initially created as a huge geographic political entity. It was generally the tradition of the English during the colonial period to establish large geographic units, and then to subsequently sub-divide them into smaller more manageable units. This two-phase process was conducted in order to establish legal claims to maximum Territory. As areas were settled the large territories were subdivided for a variety of reasons. One was to suit the particular needs of the local inhabitants, as in the cases of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Plymouth, and Delaware. In others colonies a group or individual sold off large tracts of land to raise funds for colonial efforts. In 1622, the Council for New England sold the tract of land between the Merrimack and Kennebec Rivers to Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason. This tract became the colony of Maine. The Puritans used the proceeds from that sale to fund the settlements of Salem and Boston. The western portion of Maine was sliced off in 1629 and became New Hampshire. There were also some consolidations. Maine was acquired by Massachusetts in 1643, Plymouth in 1691. Maryland, Pennsylvania, Carolina, New York, and New Jersey were proprietary grants. These were generous land grants issued to individuals by the English monarch to satisfy debts, or as personal favors to friends or relatives, (the Duke of York was the brother of King Charles II, later became King James II). Carolina was eventually partitioned as the economic interests of Charleston and the Albemarle diverged. Georgia was carved out of South Carolina to serve as a buffer between the strategic port of Charleston and the Spanish in Florida. Virginia was the mother of the colonies. Each of the other original colonies was directly or indirectly carved out of Virginia. It was the first territory to be claimed by England in North America. At its maximum extent, Virginia encompassed most of what is now the United States, as well as portions of Canada and Mexico. The Founding of Virginia: When Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement on Roanoke Island, there was no Virginia. There was only America. The English had gradually settled Newfoundland as a fishing community starting in the 1550’s. This island was chartered as a colony in 1585, the same year that Roanoke Island was first settled. The Spanish had established Saint Augustine, Florida in 1565 as a strategic outpost to protect Spain’s Caribbean empire from English privateers. Between Newfoundland and Spanish Florida was a vast unsettled territory. Raleigh named this area Virginia an honor to Queen Elizabeth, (the Virgin Queen), with whom he sought favors. For many years thereafter the vast temperate region of North America was referred to as Virginia. It had no boundaries, and no government. ‬

#TurtleIslandDidYouKnow #DarkHiddenHistory #AncientAmerica #PaperGenocide #BrokenTreaties #LandGrab #TribalWars🪶#PrisonersOfWar #CivilWars #TribalWars #NorthVerseSouth #Parkside Did You Know?🧐 During #Chandler Tenure As State Of Michigan Senate, Zachariah Chandler Emerged As A Leader Of The Radical Republican Party; And He Urged President Abraham Lincoln To Prosecute The Civil War More Forcefully, While He Vigorously Advocated Emancipation Of The Slaves, And He Later Backed The Reconstruction Acts. The Slavery Question Was?🤔 Of Course, Ultimately Resolved By A Bloody Civil War. The Commander-In-Chief During That War Was The First Republican President, Abraham Lincoln -The Man Who Freed The Slaves-. Six Days After The Confederate Army Surrendered, John Wilkes Booth, A Democrat, Assassinated President Lincoln. Lincoln’s Vice President, A Democrat Named Andrew Johnson, Assumed The Presidency. But Johnson Adamantly Opposed Lincoln’s Plan To Integrate The Newly Freed Slaves Into The South’s Economic And Social Order. #ParksideDidYouKnow🧐 Virginia was the mother of the colonies. Each of the other original colonies was directly or indirectly carved out of Virginia. It was the first territory to be claimed by England in North America. At its maximum extent, Virginia encompassed most of what is now the United States, as well as portions of Canada and Mexico. When Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement on Roanoke Island, there was no Virginia. There was only 🪢America. The English had gradually settled Newfoundland as a fishing community starting in the 1550’s. Sir Walter Raleigh, named this area Virginia an honor to Queen Elizabeth, (the Virgin Queen), with whom he sought favors. For many years thereafter the vast temperate region of North America was referred to as Virginia. It had no boundaries, and no government. After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, & American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians Complexion Like That Of An African & “As Black As Negros” kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via #Kurimeo_Ahau King Louis XV Was So Called "Black" kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJKzpGd_qLCdndUfeature=shared via @Kurimeo_Ahau PT #3 - Ancient and Modern Britons / Hungarian Invasions, The Black Danes As Picts / Dutch Colonist: kzbin.infohdkfY9dRJII?si=XzqVAVXwp0E4-Hk- via #Kurimeo_Ahau The Establishment Of "Huguenots" (Moors) In Virginia / Manakin Town / Monacan Indians Displaced: kzbin.info/www/bejne/onXIeH9vhpd6n7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers The Man Who Passed for White: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4rOmIiBqNuZnMkfeature=shared via #onemichistory Unmasking the Secret Life Behind White Passing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqS0kGudbMeoe6cfeature=shared via #onemichistory Zachariah Chandler, Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau #219 - They Tried To Send Blacks To Another Country After Slavery: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4bFp3ZpiKd8haMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 Marcel Dixon: "All Blacks Aren't Owed Money From The U.S. Government" kzbin.info-c4KKNEsjiU?feature=shared via #TheResearchGuy

#TurtleIslandDidYouKnow #DarkHiddenHistory #AncientAmerica #PaperGenocide #BrokenTreaties #LandGrab #TribalWars🪶#PrisonersOfWar #CivilWars #TribalWars #NorthVerseSouth #Parkside Did You Know?🧐 During #Chandler Tenure As State Of Michigan Senate, Zachariah Chandler Emerged As A Leader Of The Radical Republican Party; And He Urged President Abraham Lincoln To Prosecute The Civil War More Forcefully, While He Vigorously Advocated Emancipation Of The Slaves, And He Later Backed The Reconstruction Acts. The Slavery Question Was?🤔 Of Course, Ultimately Resolved By A Bloody Civil War. The Commander-In-Chief During That War Was The First Republican President, Abraham Lincoln -The Man Who Freed The Slaves-. Six Days After The Confederate Army Surrendered, John Wilkes Booth, A Democrat, Assassinated President Lincoln. Lincoln’s Vice President, A Democrat Named Andrew Johnson, Assumed The Presidency. But Johnson Adamantly Opposed Lincoln’s Plan To Integrate The Newly Freed Slaves Into The South’s Economic And Social Order. #ParksideDidYouKnow🧐 Virginia was the mother of the colonies. Each of the other original colonies was directly or indirectly carved out of Virginia. It was the first territory to be claimed by England in North America. At its maximum extent, Virginia encompassed most of what is now the United States, as well as portions of Canada and Mexico. When Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement on Roanoke Island, there was no Virginia. There was only 🪢America. The English had gradually settled Newfoundland as a fishing community starting in the 1550’s. Sir Walter Raleigh, named this area Virginia an honor to Queen Elizabeth, (the Virgin Queen), with whom he sought favors. For many years thereafter the vast temperate region of North America was referred to as Virginia. It had no boundaries, and no government. After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, & American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians Complexion Like That Of An African & “As Black As Negros” kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via #Kurimeo_Ahau King Louis XV Was So Called "Black" kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJKzpGd_qLCdndUfeature=shared via @Kurimeo_Ahau PT #3 - Ancient and Modern Britons / Hungarian Invasions, The Black Danes As Picts / Dutch Colonist: kzbin.infohdkfY9dRJII?si=XzqVAVXwp0E4-Hk- via #Kurimeo_Ahau The Establishment Of "Huguenots" (Moors) In Virginia / Manakin Town / Monacan Indians Displaced: kzbin.info/www/bejne/onXIeH9vhpd6n7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers The Man Who Passed for White: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4rOmIiBqNuZnMkfeature=shared via #onemichistory Unmasking the Secret Life Behind White Passing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqS0kGudbMeoe6cfeature=shared via #onemichistory Zachariah Chandler, Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau #219 - They Tried To Send Blacks To Another Country After Slavery: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4bFp3ZpiKd8haMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 Marcel Dixon: "All Blacks Aren't Owed Money From The U.S. Government" kzbin.info-c4KKNEsjiU?feature=shared via #TheResearchGuy

#TurtleIslandDidYouKnow #DarkHiddenHistory #AncientAmerica #PaperGenocide #BrokenTreaties #LandGrab #TribalWars🪶#PrisonersOfWar #CivilWars #TribalWars #NorthVerseSouth #Parkside Did You Know?🧐 During #Chandler Tenure As State Of Michigan Senate, Zachariah Chandler Emerged As A Leader Of The Radical Republican Party; And He Urged President Abraham Lincoln To Prosecute The Civil War More Forcefully, While He Vigorously Advocated Emancipation Of The Slaves, And He Later Backed The Reconstruction Acts. The Slavery Question Was?🤔 Of Course, Ultimately Resolved By A Bloody Civil War. The Commander-In-Chief During That War Was The First Republican President, Abraham Lincoln -The Man Who Freed The Slaves-. Six Days After The Confederate Army Surrendered, John Wilkes Booth, A Democrat, Assassinated President Lincoln. Lincoln’s Vice President, A Democrat Named Andrew Johnson, Assumed The Presidency. But Johnson Adamantly Opposed Lincoln’s Plan To Integrate The Newly Freed Slaves Into The South’s Economic And Social Order. #ParksideDidYouKnow🧐 Virginia was the mother of the colonies. Each of the other original colonies was directly or indirectly carved out of Virginia. It was the first territory to be claimed by England in North America. At its maximum extent, Virginia encompassed most of what is now the United States, as well as portions of Canada and Mexico. When Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement on Roanoke Island, there was no Virginia. There was only 🪢America. The English had gradually settled Newfoundland as a fishing community starting in the 1550’s. Sir Walter Raleigh, named this area Virginia an honor to Queen Elizabeth, (the Virgin Queen), with whom he sought favors. For many years thereafter the vast temperate region of North America was referred to as Virginia. It had no boundaries, and no government. After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, & American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians Complexion Like That Of An African & “As Black As Negros” kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via #Kurimeo_Ahau King Louis XV Was So Called "Black" kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJKzpGd_qLCdndUfeature=shared via @Kurimeo_Ahau PT #3 - Ancient and Modern Britons / Hungarian Invasions, The Black Danes As Picts / Dutch Colonist: kzbin.infohdkfY9dRJII?si=XzqVAVXwp0E4-Hk- via #Kurimeo_Ahau The Establishment Of "Huguenots" (Moors) In Virginia / Manakin Town / Monacan Indians Displaced: kzbin.info/www/bejne/onXIeH9vhpd6n7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers The Man Who Passed for White: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4rOmIiBqNuZnMkfeature=shared via #onemichistory Unmasking the Secret Life Behind White Passing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqS0kGudbMeoe6cfeature=shared via #onemichistory Zachariah Chandler, Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau #219 - They Tried To Send Blacks To Another Country After Slavery: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4bFp3ZpiKd8haMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 Marcel Dixon: "All Blacks Aren't Owed Money From The U.S. Government" kzbin.info-c4KKNEsjiU?feature=shared via #TheResearchGuy

#TurtleIslandDidYouKnow #DarkHiddenHistory #AncientAmerica #PaperGenocide #BrokenTreaties #LandGrab #TribalWars🪶#PrisonersOfWar #CivilWars #TribalWars #NorthVerseSouth #Parkside Did You Know?🧐 During #Chandler Tenure As State Of Michigan Senate, Zachariah Chandler Emerged As A Leader Of The Radical Republican Party; And He Urged President Abraham Lincoln To Prosecute The Civil War More Forcefully, While He Vigorously Advocated Emancipation Of The Slaves, And He Later Backed The Reconstruction Acts. The Slavery Question Was?🤔 Of Course, Ultimately Resolved By A Bloody Civil War. The Commander-In-Chief During That War Was The First Republican President, Abraham Lincoln -The Man Who Freed The Slaves-. Six Days After The Confederate Army Surrendered, John Wilkes Booth, A Democrat, Assassinated President Lincoln. Lincoln’s Vice President, A Democrat Named Andrew Johnson, Assumed The Presidency. But Johnson Adamantly Opposed Lincoln’s Plan To Integrate The Newly Freed Slaves Into The South’s Economic And Social Order. #ParksideDidYouKnow🧐 Virginia was the mother of the colonies. Each of the other original colonies was directly or indirectly carved out of Virginia. It was the first territory to be claimed by England in North America. At its maximum extent, Virginia encompassed most of what is now the United States, as well as portions of Canada and Mexico. When Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement on Roanoke Island, there was no Virginia. There was only 🪢America. The English had gradually settled Newfoundland as a fishing community starting in the 1550’s. Sir Walter Raleigh, named this area Virginia an honor to Queen Elizabeth, (the Virgin Queen), with whom he sought favors. For many years thereafter the vast temperate region of North America was referred to as Virginia. It had no boundaries, and no government. After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, & American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians Complexion Like That Of An African & “As Black As Negros” kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via #Kurimeo_Ahau King Louis XV Was So Called "Black" kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJKzpGd_qLCdndUfeature=shared via @Kurimeo_Ahau PT #3 - Ancient and Modern Britons / Hungarian Invasions, The Black Danes As Picts / Dutch Colonist: kzbin.infohdkfY9dRJII?si=XzqVAVXwp0E4-Hk- via #Kurimeo_Ahau The Establishment Of "Huguenots" (Moors) In Virginia / Manakin Town / Monacan Indians Displaced: kzbin.info/www/bejne/onXIeH9vhpd6n7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers The Man Who Passed for White: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4rOmIiBqNuZnMkfeature=shared via #onemichistory Unmasking the Secret Life Behind White Passing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqS0kGudbMeoe6cfeature=shared via #onemichistory Zachariah Chandler, Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau #219 - They Tried To Send Blacks To Another Country After Slavery: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4bFp3ZpiKd8haMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 Marcel Dixon: "All Blacks Aren't Owed Money From The U.S. Government" kzbin.info-c4KKNEsjiU?feature=shared via #TheResearchGuy

#TurtleIslandDidYouKnow #DarkHiddenHistory #AncientAmerica #PaperGenocide #BrokenTreaties #LandGrab #TribalWars🪶#PrisonersOfWar #CivilWars #TribalWars #NorthVerseSouth #Parkside Did You Know?🧐 During #Chandler Tenure As State Of Michigan Senate, Zachariah Chandler Emerged As A Leader Of The Radical Republican Party; And He Urged President Abraham Lincoln To Prosecute The Civil War More Forcefully, While He Vigorously Advocated Emancipation Of The Slaves, And He Later Backed The Reconstruction Acts. The Slavery Question Was?🤔 Of Course, Ultimately Resolved By A Bloody Civil War. The Commander-In-Chief During That War Was The First Republican President, Abraham Lincoln -The Man Who Freed The Slaves-. Six Days After The Confederate Army Surrendered, John Wilkes Booth, A Democrat, Assassinated President Lincoln. Lincoln’s Vice President, A Democrat Named Andrew Johnson, Assumed The Presidency. But Johnson Adamantly Opposed Lincoln’s Plan To Integrate The Newly Freed Slaves Into The South’s Economic And Social Order. #ParksideDidYouKnow🧐 Virginia was the mother of the colonies. Each of the other original colonies was directly or indirectly carved out of Virginia. It was the first territory to be claimed by England in North America. At its maximum extent, Virginia encompassed most of what is now the United States, as well as portions of Canada and Mexico. When Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement on Roanoke Island, there was no Virginia. There was only 🪢America. The English had gradually settled Newfoundland as a fishing community starting in the 1550’s. Sir Walter Raleigh, named this area Virginia an honor to Queen Elizabeth, (the Virgin Queen), with whom he sought favors. For many years thereafter the vast temperate region of North America was referred to as Virginia. It had no boundaries, and no government. After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, & American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians Complexion Like That Of An African & “As Black As Negros” kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via #Kurimeo_Ahau King Louis XV Was So Called "Black" kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJKzpGd_qLCdndUfeature=shared via @Kurimeo_Ahau PT #3 - Ancient and Modern Britons / Hungarian Invasions, The Black Danes As Picts / Dutch Colonist: kzbin.infohdkfY9dRJII?si=XzqVAVXwp0E4-Hk- via #Kurimeo_Ahau The Establishment Of "Huguenots" (Moors) In Virginia / Manakin Town / Monacan Indians Displaced: kzbin.info/www/bejne/onXIeH9vhpd6n7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers The Man Who Passed for White: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4rOmIiBqNuZnMkfeature=shared via #onemichistory Unmasking the Secret Life Behind White Passing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqS0kGudbMeoe6cfeature=shared via #onemichistory Zachariah Chandler, Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau #219 - They Tried To Send Blacks To Another Country After Slavery: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4bFp3ZpiKd8haMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 Marcel Dixon: "All Blacks Aren't Owed Money From The U.S. Government" kzbin.info-c4KKNEsjiU?feature=shared via #TheResearchGuy

#TurtleIslandDidYouKnow #DarkHiddenHistory #AncientAmerica #PaperGenocide #BrokenTreaties #LandGrab #TribalWars🪶#PrisonersOfWar #CivilWars #TribalWars #NorthVerseSouth #Parkside Did You Know?🧐 During #Chandler Tenure As State Of Michigan Senate, Zachariah Chandler Emerged As A Leader Of The Radical Republican Party; And He Urged President Abraham Lincoln To Prosecute The Civil War More Forcefully, While He Vigorously Advocated Emancipation Of The Slaves, And He Later Backed The Reconstruction Acts. The Slavery Question Was?🤔 Of Course, Ultimately Resolved By A Bloody Civil War. The Commander-In-Chief During That War Was The First Republican President, Abraham Lincoln -The Man Who Freed The Slaves-. Six Days After The Confederate Army Surrendered, John Wilkes Booth, A Democrat, Assassinated President Lincoln. Lincoln’s Vice President, A Democrat Named Andrew Johnson, Assumed The Presidency. But Johnson Adamantly Opposed Lincoln’s Plan To Integrate The Newly Freed Slaves Into The South’s Economic And Social Order. #ParksideDidYouKnow🧐 Virginia was the mother of the colonies. Each of the other original colonies was directly or indirectly carved out of Virginia. It was the first territory to be claimed by England in North America. At its maximum extent, Virginia encompassed most of what is now the United States, as well as portions of Canada and Mexico. When Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English settlement on Roanoke Island, there was no Virginia. There was only 🪢America. The English had gradually settled Newfoundland as a fishing community starting in the 1550’s. Sir Walter Raleigh, named this area Virginia an honor to Queen Elizabeth, (the Virgin Queen), with whom he sought favors. For many years thereafter the vast temperate region of North America was referred to as Virginia. It had no boundaries, and no government. After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, & American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians Complexion Like That Of An African & “As Black As Negros” kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via #Kurimeo_Ahau King Louis XV Was So Called "Black" kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJKzpGd_qLCdndUfeature=shared via @Kurimeo_Ahau PT #3 - Ancient and Modern Britons / Hungarian Invasions, The Black Danes As Picts / Dutch Colonist: kzbin.infohdkfY9dRJII?si=XzqVAVXwp0E4-Hk- via #Kurimeo_Ahau The Establishment Of "Huguenots" (Moors) In Virginia / Manakin Town / Monacan Indians Displaced: kzbin.info/www/bejne/onXIeH9vhpd6n7s via #Kurimeo_Ahau #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers The Man Who Passed for White: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4rOmIiBqNuZnMkfeature=shared via #onemichistory Unmasking the Secret Life Behind White Passing: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqS0kGudbMeoe6cfeature=shared via #onemichistory Zachariah Chandler, Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau #219 - They Tried To Send Blacks To Another Country After Slavery: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4bFp3ZpiKd8haMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 Marcel Dixon: "All Blacks Aren't Owed Money From The U.S. Government" kzbin.info-c4KKNEsjiU?feature=shared via #TheResearchGuy

Related To: #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek Black Barbie Saying Hi To People😱🥹🖤🤎❤️🧡💛🤍 #fashion #barbievibes #fashionbarbie #TheRealMccoy…. (Black Barbie Film) kzbin.infoDESO7z93pR4?feature=shared via #blackbarbiefilm The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers Zachariah Chandler,Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via @DetroitRemember #BackWhen America's BEST Kept Secret: The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLincolnWP #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincolnl #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau GENOCIDE of the dark skin, Indian episode 9 organization: kzbin.info/www/bejne/i5vHaINmZ7SjgZYfeature=shared via #IndigenousEDU #indigenouseducation🪶 #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #204 - The Creation of Black Culture And Consciousness: kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJK5o3iqm9Z5Z9Efeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell Discussion With Indigenous Education kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N06vz2XIiJIYo56lVjPK0E7&feature=shared via #_indigenousedu cation🪶 GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: Treaty of Paris (1783) | National Archives www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/treaty-of-paris This Treaty, signed on September 3, 1783, between the American colonies and Great Britain, ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation. The American War for Independence (1775-1783) was actually a world conflict, involving not only the United States and Great Britain, but also France, Spain, and the Netherlands. The peace process brought a nascent United States into the arena of international diplomacy, playing against the largest and most established powers on earth. The three American negotiators - John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay - proved themselves ready for the world stage, achieving many of the objectives sought by the new United States. Two crucial provisions of the treaty were British recognition of U.S. independence and the delineation of boundaries that would allow for American western expansion. The treaty is named for the city in which it was negotiated and signed. The last page bears the signatures of David Hartley, who represented Great Britain, and the three American negotiators, who signed their names in alphabetical order. Multiple treaty documents, however, can be considered as originals. In this case, the United States and British representatives signed at least three originals, two of which are in the holdings of the National Archives. On one of the signed originals the signatures and wax seals are arranged horizontally; on the other they are arranged vertically. In addition, handwritten certified copies were made for the use of Congress. Some online transcriptions of the treaty omit Delaware from the list of former colonies, but the original text does list Delaware. The Definitive Treaty of Peace 1783 In the Name of the most Holy & undivided Trinity. It having pleased the Divine Providence to dispose the Hearts of the most Serene and most Potent Prince George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lunebourg, Arch- Treasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire etc.. and of the United States of America, to forget all past Misunderstandings and Differences that have unhappily interrupted the good Correspondence and Friendship which they mutually wish to restore; and to establish such a beneficial and satisfactory Intercourse between the two countries upon the ground of reciprocal Advantages and mutual Convenience as may promote and secure to both perpetual Peace and Harmony; and having for this desirable End already laid the Foundation of Peace & Reconciliation by the Provisional Articles signed at Paris on the 30th of November 1782, by the Commissioners empowered on each Part, which Articles were agreed to be inserted in and constitute the Treaty of Peace proposed to be concluded between the Crown of Great Britain and the said United States, but which Treaty was not to be concluded until Terms of Peace should be agreed upon between Great Britain & France, and his Britannic Majesty should be ready to conclude such Treaty accordingly: and the treaty between Great Britain & France having since been concluded, his Britannic Majesty & the United States of America, in Order to carry into full Effect the Provisional Articles above mentioned, according to the Tenor thereof, have constituted & appointed, that is to say his Britannic Majesty on his Part, David Hartley, Esqr., Member of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the said United States on their Part, - stop point - John Adams, Esqr., late a Commissioner of the United States of America at the Court of Versailles, late Delegate in Congress from the State of Massachusetts, and Chief Justice of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary of the said United States to their High Mightinesses the States General of the United Netherlands; - stop point - Benjamin Franklin, Esqr., late Delegate in Congress from the State of Pennsylvania, President of the Convention of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles; John Jay, Esqr., late President of Congress and Chief Justice of the state of New York, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the said United States at the Court of Madrid; to be Plenipotentiaries for the concluding and signing the Present Definitive Treaty; who after having reciprocally communicated their respective full Powers have agreed upon and confirmed the following Articles.

Related To: #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek Black Barbie Saying Hi To People😱🥹🖤🤎❤️🧡💛🤍 #fashion #barbievibes #fashionbarbie #TheRealMccoy…. (Black Barbie Film) kzbin.infoDESO7z93pR4?feature=shared via #blackbarbiefilm The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers Zachariah Chandler,Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via @DetroitRemember #BackWhen America's BEST Kept Secret: The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLincolnWP #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincolnl #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau GENOCIDE of the dark skin, Indian episode 9 organization: kzbin.info/www/bejne/i5vHaINmZ7SjgZYfeature=shared via #IndigenousEDU #indigenouseducation🪶 #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #204 - The Creation of Black Culture And Consciousness: kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJK5o3iqm9Z5Z9Efeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell Discussion With Indigenous Education kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N06vz2XIiJIYo56lVjPK0E7&feature=shared via #_indigenousedu cation🪶 GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: Treaty of Paris (1783) | National Archives www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/treaty-of-paris This Treaty, signed on September 3, 1783, between the American colonies and Great Britain, ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation. The American War for Independence (1775-1783) was actually a world conflict, involving not only the United States and Great Britain, but also France, Spain, and the Netherlands. The peace process brought a nascent United States into the arena of international diplomacy, playing against the largest and most established powers on earth. The three American negotiators - John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay - proved themselves ready for the world stage, achieving many of the objectives sought by the new United States. Two crucial provisions of the treaty were British recognition of U.S. independence and the delineation of boundaries that would allow for American western expansion. The treaty is named for the city in which it was negotiated and signed. The last page bears the signatures of David Hartley, who represented Great Britain, and the three American negotiators, who signed their names in alphabetical order. Multiple treaty documents, however, can be considered as originals. In this case, the United States and British representatives signed at least three originals, two of which are in the holdings of the National Archives. On one of the signed originals the signatures and wax seals are arranged horizontally; on the other they are arranged vertically. In addition, handwritten certified copies were made for the use of Congress. Some online transcriptions of the treaty omit Delaware from the list of former colonies, but the original text does list Delaware. The Definitive Treaty of Peace 1783 In the Name of the most Holy & undivided Trinity. It having pleased the Divine Providence to dispose the Hearts of the most Serene and most Potent Prince George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lunebourg, Arch- Treasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire etc.. and of the United States of America, to forget all past Misunderstandings and Differences that have unhappily interrupted the good Correspondence and Friendship which they mutually wish to restore; and to establish such a beneficial and satisfactory Intercourse between the two countries upon the ground of reciprocal Advantages and mutual Convenience as may promote and secure to both perpetual Peace and Harmony; and having for this desirable End already laid the Foundation of Peace & Reconciliation by the Provisional Articles signed at Paris on the 30th of November 1782, by the Commissioners empowered on each Part, which Articles were agreed to be inserted in and constitute the Treaty of Peace proposed to be concluded between the Crown of Great Britain and the said United States, but which Treaty was not to be concluded until Terms of Peace should be agreed upon between Great Britain & France, and his Britannic Majesty should be ready to conclude such Treaty accordingly: and the treaty between Great Britain & France having since been concluded, his Britannic Majesty & the United States of America, in Order to carry into full Effect the Provisional Articles above mentioned, according to the Tenor thereof, have constituted & appointed, that is to say his Britannic Majesty on his Part, David Hartley, Esqr., Member of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the said United States on their Part, - stop point - John Adams, Esqr., late a Commissioner of the United States of America at the Court of Versailles, late Delegate in Congress from the State of Massachusetts, and Chief Justice of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary of the said United States to their High Mightinesses the States General of the United Netherlands; - stop point - Benjamin Franklin, Esqr., late Delegate in Congress from the State of Pennsylvania, President of the Convention of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles; John Jay, Esqr., late President of Congress and Chief Justice of the state of New York, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the said United States at the Court of Madrid; to be Plenipotentiaries for the concluding and signing the Present Definitive Treaty; who after having reciprocally communicated their respective full Powers have agreed upon and confirmed the following Articles.

Related To: #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek Black Barbie Saying Hi To People😱🥹🖤🤎❤️🧡💛🤍 #fashion #barbievibes #fashionbarbie #TheRealMccoy…. (Black Barbie Film) kzbin.infoDESO7z93pR4?feature=shared via #blackbarbiefilm The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers Zachariah Chandler,Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via @DetroitRemember #BackWhen America's BEST Kept Secret: The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLincolnWP #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincolnl #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau GENOCIDE of the dark skin, Indian episode 9 organization: kzbin.info/www/bejne/i5vHaINmZ7SjgZYfeature=shared via #IndigenousEDU #indigenouseducation🪶 #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #204 - The Creation of Black Culture And Consciousness: kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJK5o3iqm9Z5Z9Efeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell Discussion With Indigenous Education kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N06vz2XIiJIYo56lVjPK0E7&feature=shared via #_indigenousedu cation🪶 GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: Treaty of Paris (1783) | National Archives www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/treaty-of-paris This Treaty, signed on September 3, 1783, between the American colonies and Great Britain, ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation. The American War for Independence (1775-1783) was actually a world conflict, involving not only the United States and Great Britain, but also France, Spain, and the Netherlands. The peace process brought a nascent United States into the arena of international diplomacy, playing against the largest and most established powers on earth. The three American negotiators - John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay - proved themselves ready for the world stage, achieving many of the objectives sought by the new United States. Two crucial provisions of the treaty were British recognition of U.S. independence and the delineation of boundaries that would allow for American western expansion. The treaty is named for the city in which it was negotiated and signed. The last page bears the signatures of David Hartley, who represented Great Britain, and the three American negotiators, who signed their names in alphabetical order. Multiple treaty documents, however, can be considered as originals. In this case, the United States and British representatives signed at least three originals, two of which are in the holdings of the National Archives. On one of the signed originals the signatures and wax seals are arranged horizontally; on the other they are arranged vertically. In addition, handwritten certified copies were made for the use of Congress. Some online transcriptions of the treaty omit Delaware from the list of former colonies, but the original text does list Delaware. The Definitive Treaty of Peace 1783 In the Name of the most Holy & undivided Trinity. It having pleased the Divine Providence to dispose the Hearts of the most Serene and most Potent Prince George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lunebourg, Arch- Treasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire etc.. and of the United States of America, to forget all past Misunderstandings and Differences that have unhappily interrupted the good Correspondence and Friendship which they mutually wish to restore; and to establish such a beneficial and satisfactory Intercourse between the two countries upon the ground of reciprocal Advantages and mutual Convenience as may promote and secure to both perpetual Peace and Harmony; and having for this desirable End already laid the Foundation of Peace & Reconciliation by the Provisional Articles signed at Paris on the 30th of November 1782, by the Commissioners empowered on each Part, which Articles were agreed to be inserted in and constitute the Treaty of Peace proposed to be concluded between the Crown of Great Britain and the said United States, but which Treaty was not to be concluded until Terms of Peace should be agreed upon between Great Britain & France, and his Britannic Majesty should be ready to conclude such Treaty accordingly: and the treaty between Great Britain & France having since been concluded, his Britannic Majesty & the United States of America, in Order to carry into full Effect the Provisional Articles above mentioned, according to the Tenor thereof, have constituted & appointed, that is to say his Britannic Majesty on his Part, David Hartley, Esqr., Member of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the said United States on their Part, - stop point - John Adams, Esqr., late a Commissioner of the United States of America at the Court of Versailles, late Delegate in Congress from the State of Massachusetts, and Chief Justice of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary of the said United States to their High Mightinesses the States General of the United Netherlands; - stop point - Benjamin Franklin, Esqr., late Delegate in Congress from the State of Pennsylvania, President of the Convention of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles; John Jay, Esqr., late President of Congress and Chief Justice of the state of New York, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the said United States at the Court of Madrid; to be Plenipotentiaries for the concluding and signing the Present Definitive Treaty; who after having reciprocally communicated their respective full Powers have agreed upon and confirmed the following Articles.

Related To: #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek Black Barbie Saying Hi To People😱🥹🖤🤎❤️🧡💛🤍 #fashion #barbievibes #fashionbarbie #TheRealMccoy…. (Black Barbie Film) kzbin.infoDESO7z93pR4?feature=shared via #blackbarbiefilm The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers Zachariah Chandler,Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via @DetroitRemember #BackWhen America's BEST Kept Secret: The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLincolnWP #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincolnl #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau GENOCIDE of the dark skin, Indian episode 9 organization: kzbin.info/www/bejne/i5vHaINmZ7SjgZYfeature=shared via #IndigenousEDU #indigenouseducation🪶 #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #204 - The Creation of Black Culture And Consciousness: kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJK5o3iqm9Z5Z9Efeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell Discussion With Indigenous Education kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N06vz2XIiJIYo56lVjPK0E7&feature=shared via #_indigenousedu cation🪶 GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: Treaty of Paris (1783) | National Archives www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/treaty-of-paris This Treaty, signed on September 3, 1783, between the American colonies and Great Britain, ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation. The American War for Independence (1775-1783) was actually a world conflict, involving not only the United States and Great Britain, but also France, Spain, and the Netherlands. The peace process brought a nascent United States into the arena of international diplomacy, playing against the largest and most established powers on earth. The three American negotiators - John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay - proved themselves ready for the world stage, achieving many of the objectives sought by the new United States. Two crucial provisions of the treaty were British recognition of U.S. independence and the delineation of boundaries that would allow for American western expansion. The treaty is named for the city in which it was negotiated and signed. The last page bears the signatures of David Hartley, who represented Great Britain, and the three American negotiators, who signed their names in alphabetical order. Multiple treaty documents, however, can be considered as originals. In this case, the United States and British representatives signed at least three originals, two of which are in the holdings of the National Archives. On one of the signed originals the signatures and wax seals are arranged horizontally; on the other they are arranged vertically. In addition, handwritten certified copies were made for the use of Congress. Some online transcriptions of the treaty omit Delaware from the list of former colonies, but the original text does list Delaware. The Definitive Treaty of Peace 1783 In the Name of the most Holy & undivided Trinity. It having pleased the Divine Providence to dispose the Hearts of the most Serene and most Potent Prince George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lunebourg, Arch- Treasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire etc.. and of the United States of America, to forget all past Misunderstandings and Differences that have unhappily interrupted the good Correspondence and Friendship which they mutually wish to restore; and to establish such a beneficial and satisfactory Intercourse between the two countries upon the ground of reciprocal Advantages and mutual Convenience as may promote and secure to both perpetual Peace and Harmony; and having for this desirable End already laid the Foundation of Peace & Reconciliation by the Provisional Articles signed at Paris on the 30th of November 1782, by the Commissioners empowered on each Part, which Articles were agreed to be inserted in and constitute the Treaty of Peace proposed to be concluded between the Crown of Great Britain and the said United States, but which Treaty was not to be concluded until Terms of Peace should be agreed upon between Great Britain & France, and his Britannic Majesty should be ready to conclude such Treaty accordingly: and the treaty between Great Britain & France having since been concluded, his Britannic Majesty & the United States of America, in Order to carry into full Effect the Provisional Articles above mentioned, according to the Tenor thereof, have constituted & appointed, that is to say his Britannic Majesty on his Part, David Hartley, Esqr., Member of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the said United States on their Part, - stop point - John Adams, Esqr., late a Commissioner of the United States of America at the Court of Versailles, late Delegate in Congress from the State of Massachusetts, and Chief Justice of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary of the said United States to their High Mightinesses the States General of the United Netherlands; - stop point - Benjamin Franklin, Esqr., late Delegate in Congress from the State of Pennsylvania, President of the Convention of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles; John Jay, Esqr., late President of Congress and Chief Justice of the state of New York, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the said United States at the Court of Madrid; to be Plenipotentiaries for the concluding and signing the Present Definitive Treaty; who after having reciprocally communicated their respective full Powers have agreed upon and confirmed the following Articles.

Related To: #AncientTurtleIsland #DidYouKnow🤯 The British kept this map hidden for over 100 years #historicalmaps #maphistory …. kzbin.infolUPDreTrXJ0?feature=shared via #GeographyGeek Black Barbie Saying Hi To People😱🥹🖤🤎❤️🧡💛🤍 #fashion #barbievibes #fashionbarbie #TheRealMccoy…. (Black Barbie Film) kzbin.infoDESO7z93pR4?feature=shared via #blackbarbiefilm The French, British & Tribal🪶Leaders♟️Played Us! Enslavement Vs. Freed | South Vs. North Civil Wars🪢 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaPXdaWHqNRsncUfeature=shared via #BrewsterOldTimers Zachariah Chandler,Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Underground Railroad Connection: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via @DetroitRemember #BackWhen America's BEST Kept Secret: The MASSIVE Skeletons Lincoln Knew About?🧐 kzbin.infoeRsGqDOQa70?feature=shared via #AbeLincolnWP #AbeLinkhorn #AbrahamLincolnl #AbrahamLincoln Pt. 1 - Abraham Lincoln The Colored Man #shorts…. kzbin.infow9RtErKGY_s?feature=shared via #Kurimeo_Ahau GENOCIDE of the dark skin, Indian episode 9 organization: kzbin.info/www/bejne/i5vHaINmZ7SjgZYfeature=shared via #IndigenousEDU #indigenouseducation🪶 #218 - The Quest To Understand Negro Inferiority: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3TJnH6Na9arfrMfeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell #204 - The Creation of Black Culture And Consciousness: kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJK5o3iqm9Z5Z9Efeature=shared via #BrooklynSaintMickell Discussion With Indigenous Education kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N06vz2XIiJIYo56lVjPK0E7&feature=shared via #_indigenousedu cation🪶 GENOCIDE OF THE DARK SKIN INDIAN (SERIES) kzbin.info/aero/PLGWmsabei7N1061a0Tgc3nZZrSrWU9fOB&feature=shared via #indigenouseducation🪶 After the 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain surrendered a large chunk of land that would later go on to become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, part of Minnesota and Michigan. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, designating the surrendered land as the Northwest Territory -- which was the first organized territory of the United States. At the time, the furthest western border of the country was the Mississippi river. The Northwest Ordinance drew out borders for future states within the territory. One of these boundaries was a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. The War of 1812 would delay the federal government's ability to survey the Ordinance Line, which led to Indiana's northern border being placed 10 miles north of the Ordinance Line. The Michigan Territory's capital was then switched from Detroit to Lansing, as there were fears that Detroit would be too easy to invade, since it was on an international border and Canada fought with Great Britain during the war. www.clickondetroit.com/all-about-michigan/michigan-history/how-michigan-kind-of-sort-of-illegitimately-became-a-state-on-jan-26-1837 Related To: Treaty of Paris (1783) | National Archives www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/treaty-of-paris This Treaty, signed on September 3, 1783, between the American colonies and Great Britain, ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation. The American War for Independence (1775-1783) was actually a world conflict, involving not only the United States and Great Britain, but also France, Spain, and the Netherlands. The peace process brought a nascent United States into the arena of international diplomacy, playing against the largest and most established powers on earth. The three American negotiators - John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay - proved themselves ready for the world stage, achieving many of the objectives sought by the new United States. Two crucial provisions of the treaty were British recognition of U.S. independence and the delineation of boundaries that would allow for American western expansion. The treaty is named for the city in which it was negotiated and signed. The last page bears the signatures of David Hartley, who represented Great Britain, and the three American negotiators, who signed their names in alphabetical order. Multiple treaty documents, however, can be considered as originals. In this case, the United States and British representatives signed at least three originals, two of which are in the holdings of the National Archives. On one of the signed originals the signatures and wax seals are arranged horizontally; on the other they are arranged vertically. In addition, handwritten certified copies were made for the use of Congress. Some online transcriptions of the treaty omit Delaware from the list of former colonies, but the original text does list Delaware. The Definitive Treaty of Peace 1783 In the Name of the most Holy & undivided Trinity. It having pleased the Divine Providence to dispose the Hearts of the most Serene and most Potent Prince George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lunebourg, Arch- Treasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire etc.. and of the United States of America, to forget all past Misunderstandings and Differences that have unhappily interrupted the good Correspondence and Friendship which they mutually wish to restore; and to establish such a beneficial and satisfactory Intercourse between the two countries upon the ground of reciprocal Advantages and mutual Convenience as may promote and secure to both perpetual Peace and Harmony; and having for this desirable End already laid the Foundation of Peace & Reconciliation by the Provisional Articles signed at Paris on the 30th of November 1782, by the Commissioners empowered on each Part, which Articles were agreed to be inserted in and constitute the Treaty of Peace proposed to be concluded between the Crown of Great Britain and the said United States, but which Treaty was not to be concluded until Terms of Peace should be agreed upon between Great Britain & France, and his Britannic Majesty should be ready to conclude such Treaty accordingly: and the treaty between Great Britain & France having since been concluded, his Britannic Majesty & the United States of America, in Order to carry into full Effect the Provisional Articles above mentioned, according to the Tenor thereof, have constituted & appointed, that is to say his Britannic Majesty on his Part, David Hartley, Esqr., Member of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the said United States on their Part, - stop point - John Adams, Esqr., late a Commissioner of the United States of America at the Court of Versailles, late Delegate in Congress from the State of Massachusetts, and Chief Justice of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary of the said United States to their High Mightinesses the States General of the United Netherlands; - stop point - Benjamin Franklin, Esqr., late Delegate in Congress from the State of Pennsylvania, President of the Convention of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles; John Jay, Esqr., late President of Congress and Chief Justice of the state of New York, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the said United States at the Court of Madrid; to be Plenipotentiaries for the concluding and signing the Present Definitive Treaty; who after having reciprocally communicated their respective full Powers have agreed upon and confirmed the following Articles.

Related To: Zachariah Chandler,Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Michigan Central Underground Railroad Connection: "THE CANADA-NIAGARA FALLS ROUTE." kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen Zachariah Chandler (born Dec. 10, 1813, Bedford, N.H., U.S.-died Nov. 1, 1879, Chicago, Ill.) was an American politician, one of the leaders of the Radical Republicans during the American Civil War and Reconstruction. www.britannica.com/biography/Zachariah-Chandler Born: Dec. 10, 1813, Bedford, N.H., U.S.Died: Nov. 1, 1879, Chicago, Ill. (aged 65)Title / Office: United States Senate (1857-1875), United StatesPolitical Affiliation: Radical Republican Republican Party. After a public school education in Bedford, New Hampshire., In 1833 Chandler moved to Detroit, Michigan. There, starting first with a general store and later going into banking and land speculation, he became quite wealthy. Chandler, who was a Whig, campaigned for presidential candidate Zachary Taylor in 1848 and served as mayor of Detroit from 1851 to 1852. He was defeated when he ran as the Whig candidate for governor of Michigan in 1852. With the collapse of the Whig Party, Chandler became one of the founders of the Republican Party, signing the call for the historic meeting at Jackson, Michigan. (July 6, 1854). A delegate to the Republican national convention in 1856, he became a member of the party’s national committee. He was elected to the U.S. Senate and served there from 1857 to 1875. During Zachariah Chandler Senate tenure, Chandler emerged as a leader of the Radical Republicans; He urged President Abraham Lincoln to prosecute The Civil War more forcefully, he vigorously advocated emancipation of the slaves, and he later backed the Reconstruction Acts. He was a member of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War and a leading supporter of a new national bank. In spite of the efforts of a patronage Army that gave him complete control over the Republican Party in Michigan throughout his senatorial career, Chandler was defeated by his Democratic opponent in 1874. Appointed secretary of the interior by President Ulysses S. Grant in October 1875, Chandler reorganized the department before his brief tenure ended in March 1877. Radical Republican, during and after the American Civil War, a member of the Republican Party committed to emancipation of enslaved people and later to the equal treatment and enfranchisement of the freed African Americans.

Related To: Zachariah Chandler,Daniel Boone & President Abraham Lincoln $5 Indian Michigan Central Underground Railroad Connection: "THE CANADA-NIAGARA FALLS ROUTE." kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6XOeY1qq7-Vbasfeature=shared via #DetroitRemember #BackWhen Zachariah Chandler (born Dec. 10, 1813, Bedford, N.H., U.S.-died Nov. 1, 1879, Chicago, Ill.) was an American politician, one of the leaders of the Radical Republicans during the American Civil War and Reconstruction. www.britannica.com/biography/Zachariah-Chandler Born: Dec. 10, 1813, Bedford, N.H., U.S.Died: Nov. 1, 1879, Chicago, Ill. (aged 65)Title / Office: United States Senate (1857-1875), United StatesPolitical Affiliation: Radical Republican Republican Party. After a public school education in Bedford, New Hampshire., In 1833 Chandler moved to Detroit, Michigan. There, starting first with a general store and later going into banking and land speculation, he became quite wealthy. Chandler, who was a Whig, campaigned for presidential candidate Zachary Taylor in 1848 and served as mayor of Detroit from 1851 to 1852. He was defeated when he ran as the Whig candidate for governor of Michigan in 1852. With the collapse of the Whig Party, Chandler became one of the founders of the Republican Party, signing the call for the historic meeting at Jackson, Michigan. (July 6, 1854). A delegate to the Republican national convention in 1856, he became a member of the party’s national committee. He was elected to the U.S. Senate and served there from 1857 to 1875. During Zachariah Chandler Senate tenure, Chandler emerged as a leader of the Radical Republicans; He urged President Abraham Lincoln to prosecute The Civil War more forcefully, he vigorously advocated emancipation of the slaves, and he later backed the Reconstruction Acts. He was a member of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War and a leading supporter of a new national bank. In spite of the efforts of a patronage Army that gave him complete control over the Republican Party in Michigan throughout his senatorial career, Chandler was defeated by his Democratic opponent in 1874. Appointed secretary of the interior by President Ulysses S. Grant in October 1875, Chandler reorganized the department before his brief tenure ended in March 1877. Radical Republican, during and after the American Civil War, a member of the Republican Party committed to emancipation of enslaved people and later to the equal treatment and enfranchisement of the freed African Americans.

I have not seen any source for the George washington quote anywhere. I see people say it came from continental congress but no one can point me to the source.

Celebrating The Life Of Mr. Alfonso Gibson, Jr. B.K.A. “Coach Gib” (Saturday), October 26, 2024 @3PM O.H. Pye, III Funeral Home 17600 Plymouth Road Detroit, Michigan 48227 Phone: (313) 838-9770 Fax: (313) 838-9827 Website: www.pyefuneralhome.com Celebrating The Life Of Mr. Alfonso Gibson, Jr. B.K.A. “Coach Gib” via #TenGentlemen #BrewsterOldTimers Visitation: O. H. Pye, III Funeral Home 17600 Plymouth Road Detroit, Michigan 48227 Date: (Friday), October 25, 2024 Time: 3:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m. Service To Be Held At: O. H. Pye, III Funeral Home 17600 Plymouth Road Detroit, Michigan 48227 Family Hour: Date: (Saturday), October 26, 2024 Time: 2:30 p.m. Funeral: Date: (Saturday), October 26, 2024 Time: 3:00 p.m. Floral Tributes: will be accepted at the funeral home on, (Friday), October 25, 2024 Condolences may be sent via website at: www.pyefuneralhome.com

What's the difference? What is wrong with us? Let's say this is true? Then what? That has nothing to do with the creation of our nation. Embrace our great country and understand there's always gonna be a tomorrow and the future starts today.

This is Native land and you trying to undermine our people is absolutely stupid and trying to push false information.

Bullshit Buddy.pure bullshit

Jamon Jordan is an educator, writer and historian. Also known as Baba Jamon, he has been a teacher of African & African American history for 20 years and a researcher of Black history for decades. He taught at the African centered Nsoroma Institute in Detroit for 10 years and now runs Black Scroll Network History & Tours, where he leads tours and facilitates presentations centered on African & African American history in the Detroit area, and throughout Michigan and the United States. via newdetroit.org A Mighty Long Way: How Black People Moved In & Out and Around Detroit (By: Author, Educator & Historian Jamon Jordan) www.newdetroit.org/a-mighty-long-way-how-black-people-moved-in-out-and-around-detroit/ The Second U.S. Federal Highway Was Called The "Saulk🪶Trail" We Take A Road Trip: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6Src5Zsjp12jq8feature=shared via #RestlessViking @DetroitRemember @_indigenousedu cation #JamonJordan @Charlieleduff #HenryFord #US12Freeway #IndianTrails #MichiganDidYouKnow🤔#MichiganCentralStation🚂

Jamon Jordan is an educator, writer and historian. Also known as Baba Jamon, he has been a teacher of African & African American history for 20 years and a researcher of Black history for decades. He taught at the African centered Nsoroma Institute in Detroit for 10 years and now runs Black Scroll Network History & Tours, where he leads tours and facilitates presentations centered on African & African American history in the Detroit area, and throughout Michigan and the United States. via newdetroit.org A Mighty Long Way: How Black People Moved In & Out and Around Detroit (By: Author, Educator & Historian Jamon Jordan) www.newdetroit.org/a-mighty-long-way-how-black-people-moved-in-out-and-around-detroit/ The Second U.S. Federal Highway Was Called The "Saulk🪶Trail" We Take A Road Trip: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6Src5Zsjp12jq8feature=shared via #RestlessViking @DetroitRemember @_indigenousedu cation #JamonJordan @Charlieleduff #HenryFord #US12Freeway #IndianTrails #MichiganDidYouKnow🤔#MichiganCentralStation🚂

Jamon Jordan is an educator, writer and historian. Also known as Baba Jamon, he has been a teacher of African & African American history for 20 years and a researcher of Black history for decades. He taught at the African centered Nsoroma Institute in Detroit for 10 years and now runs Black Scroll Network History & Tours, where he leads tours and facilitates presentations centered on African & African American history in the Detroit area, and throughout Michigan and the United States. via newdetroit.org A Mighty Long Way: How Black People Moved In & Out and Around Detroit (By: Author, Educator & Historian Jamon Jordan) www.newdetroit.org/a-mighty-long-way-how-black-people-moved-in-out-and-around-detroit/ The Second U.S. Federal Highway Was Called The "Saulk🪶Trail" We Take A Road Trip: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6Src5Zsjp12jq8feature=shared via #RestlessViking @DetroitRemember @_indigenousedu cation #JamonJordan @Charlieleduff #HenryFord #US12Freeway #IndianTrails #MichiganDidYouKnow🤔#MichiganCentralStation🚂

(A Continuation Of All 50 States Map Names Actually Mean) Montana: From the Spanish word montaña, meaning "mountain, which stems from Latin mons, montis. U.S. Rep. James H. Ashley of Ohio proposed the name in 1864. Nebraska: From a native Siouan name for the Platte River, either Omaha ni braska or Oto ni brathge, both meaning "water flat." Nevada: Named for the western boundary of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, meaning "snowy mountains" in Spanish. New Hampshire: Named for the county of Hampshire in England, which was named for city of Southampton. Southampton was known in Old English as Hamtun, meaning "village-town." The surrounding area (or scīr) became known as Hamtunscīr. New Jersey: Named by one of the state's proprietors, Sir George Carteret, for his home, the Channel island of Jersey, a bastardization of the Latin Caesarea, the Roman name for the island. New Mexico: From Spanish Nuevo Mexico, from Nahuatl (Aztecan) mexihco, the name of the ancient Aztec capital. New York: Named in honor of the Duke of York and Albany, the future James II. York comes from Old English Eoforwic, earlier Eborakon, an ancient Celtic name probably meaning "Yew-Tree Estate." North Carolina: Both Carolinas were named for King Charles II. The proper form of Charles in Latin is Carolus, and the division into north and south originated in 1710. In latin, Carolus is a strong form of the pronoun "he" and translates in many related languages as a "free or strong" man. North Dakota Both Dakotas stem from the name of a group of native peoples from the Plains states, from Dakota dakhota, meaning "friendly" (often translated as "allies"). Ohio: Named for the Ohio River, from Seneca (Iroquoian) ohi:yo', meaning "good river." Oklahoma: From a Choctaw word, meaning "red people," which breaks down as okla "nation, people" + homma "red." Choctaw scholar Allen Wright, later principal chief of the Choctaw Nation, coined the word. Oregon: Uncertain origins, potentially from Algonquin. Pennsylvania: Named, not for William Penn, the state's proprietor, but for his late father, Admiral William Penn (1621-1670) after suggestion from Charles II. The name literally means "Penn's Woods," a hybrid formed from the surname Penn and Latin sylvania. Rhode Island: It is thought that Dutch explorer Adrian Block named modern Block Island (a part of Rhode Island) Roodt Eylandt, meaning "red island" for the cliffs. English settlers later extended the name to the mainland, and the island became Block Island for differentiation. An alternate theory is that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano gave it the name in 1524 based on an apparent similarity to the island of Rhodes. South Carolina: See North Carolina. South Dakota: See North Dakota. Tennessee: From Cherokee (Iroquoian) village name ta'nasi' of unknown origin. Texas: From Spanish Tejas, earlier pronounced "ta-shas;" originally an ethnic name, from Caddo (the language of an eastern Texas Indian tribe) taysha meaning "friends, allies." Utah: From Spanish yuta, name of the indigenous Uto-Aztecan people of the Great Basin; perhaps from Western Apache (Athabaskan) yudah, meaning "high" (in reference to living in the mountains). Vermont: Based on French words for "Green Mountain," mont vert. Virginia: A Latinized name for Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen. Washington: Named for President George Washington (1732-1799). The surname Washington means "estate of a man named Wassa" in Old English. West Virginia: See Virginia. West Virginia split from confederate Virginia and officially joined the Union as a separate state in 1863. Wisconsin: Uncertain origins but likely from a Miami word Meskonsing, meaning "it lies red"; misspelled Mescousing by the French, and later corrupted to Ouisconsin. Quarries in Wisconsin often contain red flint. Wyoming: From Munsee Delaware (Algonquian) chwewamink, meaning "at the big river flat."

(A Continuation Of All 50 States Map Names Actually Mean) Montana: From the Spanish word montaña, meaning "mountain, which stems from Latin mons, montis. U.S. Rep. James H. Ashley of Ohio proposed the name in 1864. Nebraska: From a native Siouan name for the Platte River, either Omaha ni braska or Oto ni brathge, both meaning "water flat." Nevada: Named for the western boundary of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, meaning "snowy mountains" in Spanish. New Hampshire: Named for the county of Hampshire in England, which was named for city of Southampton. Southampton was known in Old English as Hamtun, meaning "village-town." The surrounding area (or scīr) became known as Hamtunscīr. New Jersey: Named by one of the state's proprietors, Sir George Carteret, for his home, the Channel island of Jersey, a bastardization of the Latin Caesarea, the Roman name for the island. New Mexico: From Spanish Nuevo Mexico, from Nahuatl (Aztecan) mexihco, the name of the ancient Aztec capital. New York: Named in honor of the Duke of York and Albany, the future James II. York comes from Old English Eoforwic, earlier Eborakon, an ancient Celtic name probably meaning "Yew-Tree Estate." North Carolina: Both Carolinas were named for King Charles II. The proper form of Charles in Latin is Carolus, and the division into north and south originated in 1710. In latin, Carolus is a strong form of the pronoun "he" and translates in many related languages as a "free or strong" man. North Dakota Both Dakotas stem from the name of a group of native peoples from the Plains states, from Dakota dakhota, meaning "friendly" (often translated as "allies"). Ohio: Named for the Ohio River, from Seneca (Iroquoian) ohi:yo', meaning "good river." Oklahoma: From a Choctaw word, meaning "red people," which breaks down as okla "nation, people" + homma "red." Choctaw scholar Allen Wright, later principal chief of the Choctaw Nation, coined the word. Oregon: Uncertain origins, potentially from Algonquin. Pennsylvania: Named, not for William Penn, the state's proprietor, but for his late father, Admiral William Penn (1621-1670) after suggestion from Charles II. The name literally means "Penn's Woods," a hybrid formed from the surname Penn and Latin sylvania. Rhode Island: It is thought that Dutch explorer Adrian Block named modern Block Island (a part of Rhode Island) Roodt Eylandt, meaning "red island" for the cliffs. English settlers later extended the name to the mainland, and the island became Block Island for differentiation. An alternate theory is that Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano gave it the name in 1524 based on an apparent similarity to the island of Rhodes. South Carolina: See North Carolina. South Dakota: See North Dakota. Tennessee: From Cherokee (Iroquoian) village name ta'nasi' of unknown origin. Texas: From Spanish Tejas, earlier pronounced "ta-shas;" originally an ethnic name, from Caddo (the language of an eastern Texas Indian tribe) taysha meaning "friends, allies." Utah: From Spanish yuta, name of the indigenous Uto-Aztecan people of the Great Basin; perhaps from Western Apache (Athabaskan) yudah, meaning "high" (in reference to living in the mountains). Vermont: Based on French words for "Green Mountain," mont vert. Virginia: A Latinized name for Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen. Washington: Named for President George Washington (1732-1799). The surname Washington means "estate of a man named Wassa" in Old English. West Virginia: See Virginia. West Virginia split from confederate Virginia and officially joined the Union as a separate state in 1863. Wisconsin: Uncertain origins but likely from a Miami word Meskonsing, meaning "it lies red"; misspelled Mescousing by the French, and later corrupted to Ouisconsin. Quarries in Wisconsin often contain red flint. Wyoming: From Munsee Delaware (Algonquian) chwewamink, meaning "at the big river flat."

Ulysses S. Grant forced General Lee to surrender at Appomattox; Regarding the rights of former Enslaved Indians: kzbin.info/www/bejne/r5rSd5iiqdKSr7Mfeature=shared via @Chandlerparksid e Ulysses S. Grant was also known for the very liberal stand he took regarding the treatment of #Indians at a time when using the military to confine Indians to reservations was quite popular. In addition, Secretary Zachariah Chandler banned "Indian Attorneys" from the Interior Department, who swindled Indian tribes into paying for bogus representation in Washington D.C. Secretary Chandler fully endorsed President Grant's Peace Policy initiative to civilize American Indian tribes. During the Civil War and Reconstruction, Senator Zachariah Chandler was a leading Radical Republican, advocating strong prosecution of the Union War effort, the end of slavery, and Civil Rights for American “Negro” Freedman. Zachariah Chandler had strongly been opposed to slavery, and he desired that the Northern Whig party would be able to stop Southern slave power from spreading slavery into the Western Territories. Zachariah Chandler financially supported the Underground Railroad in Detroit that assisted fugitive and run away slaves to find safe havens. American Freedmen Legal Fund: Support the American Freedmen Legal Fund to help us create more content dedicated to preserving our Freedmen history for future generations. Donate: gogetfunding.com/american-freed… CashApp donation to cash.app/$arthurwatkins… _____________________________________ #PBS SNEAK PEEK | Great Migrations: A People on the Move: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mIeci4Z8rq2Ll9Usi=Aism9l976_uBjQGs via #HenryLouisGates Jr. American Freedmen: Where Did This Term Come From Anyway?🤔 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iIioXpyIlNaGsKsfeature=shared via #ByThePeopleMedia #DaneCalloway_ #darvidosiris #tariqnasheed #Kurimeo_Ahau #dougsivadsbsimt #blackmexicoblog #drboycewatkins1 #DrUmarJohnson #onemichistory Related To: A Call To Action And Defend American Freedmen History:Notice For PBS Breaching Reconstruction Duties 🧵 Call to Action for American Freedmen. Get ready to submit a complaint with attached info! Submit here: help.pbs.org/support/ticket… Defend Freedmen History: Call Out PBS for Breaching Reconstruction Duties PBS is promoting a misleading narrative that undermines the distinct history of American Freedmen by conflating our legacy with that of Black immigrants, particularly during the Great Migration. This not only erases the unique contributions of Freedmen but also breaches the very duties set forth under Reconstruction-era laws, which were intended to protect and uplift the descendants of those formerly enslaved in the United States. The Reconstruction Amendments and subsequent laws were designed to ensure the civil rights, dignity, and distinct legacy of American Freedmen. By diluting our history and merging our story with immigrant experiences, #PBS is violating the spirit of these protections, failing to properly represent the sacrifices and contributions of Freedmen. We demand PBS and the public: • Honor Reconstruction Duties: Recognize that the legal and moral responsibility to protect Freedmen history is rooted in the laws of Reconstruction, which were enacted to ensure our community’s unique legacy was preserved and respected. • Protect Freedmen Legacy: The Great Migration was a transformative period for American Freedmen, not Black immigrants. It was our ancestors who moved North and West, building new lives while shaping American culture, politics, and society. To ignore this fact is a betrayal of the historical record. • Reject Historical Erasure: American Freedmen are not the same as Black immigrants. The struggle, triumphs, and contributions of Freedmen must remain distinct from immigrant narratives, as both groups have different historical experiences and legacies in this country. @PBS has a duty to accurately represent the history of Freedmen as descendants of U.S. slavery. Failing to do so is a breach of the very legal protections established during Reconstruction to ensure our people would never again be silenced or forgotten. We urge all Freedmen to speak out and demand #PBS respect and protect our history under the laws meant to shield our legacy. Here’s a letter template that Freedmen descendants can submit to PBS, with a title emphasizing the need to protect Freedmen history: Submit here: help.pbs.org/support/ticket… Show: THE GREAT MIGRATION: A PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Subject: Urgent Request to Correct Historical Misrepresentation of American Freedmen Dear PBS Team, I am writing as a descendant of American Freedmen, deeply concerned about the recent promotion of a video narrative that conflates the history of American Freedmen with that of Black immigrants, particularly in the context of the Great Migration. This misrepresentation undermines the distinct legacy of American Freedmen and violates the responsibilities established under Reconstruction-era laws, which were designed to protect and preserve the history of those who built this nation following slavery. The Great Migration was not just a demographic shift - it was a movement of American Freedmen seeking freedom and opportunity after generations of enslavement. It was our ancestors who faced the harsh realities of life in the United States as descendants of the enslaved, and it is their story that deserves to be told in its full, undiluted truth. By merging the experiences of Freedmen with those of Black immigrants, this narrative erases the unique contributions of American Freedmen and ignores the legal and moral responsibilities set forth by the Reconstruction Amendments. These laws were established to ensure the rights and historical recognition of Freedmen descendants, and any attempt to blur these distinctions is a breach of those duties. I respectfully request that PBS: 1. Correct the Narrative: Revise the content of the promotion to accurately reflect the role of American Freedmen in the Great Migration, without conflating it with immigrant narratives. 2. Respect Reconstruction Duties: Uphold the principles laid out by Reconstruction-era laws, which protect the distinct history and contributions of American Freedmen. It is crucial that PBS adheres to its responsibility to fairly represent the Freedmen community. 3. Ensure Future Accuracy: In any future productions or promotions related to Black history, make a clear distinction between the experiences of American Freedmen and other groups, including Black immigrants. These are separate and unique histories that must be treated as such. As a public institution, PBS has a duty to present accurate and respectful portrayals of our nation’s history. I urge you to take these steps to ensure the integrity of American Freedmen’s contributions to this country is maintained and protected. Thank you for your time and attention to this important matter. I look forward to seeing how PBS will address these concerns and honor the history of American Freedmen.

Ulysses S. Grant forced General Lee to surrender at Appomattox; Regarding the rights of former Enslaved Indians: kzbin.info/www/bejne/r5rSd5iiqdKSr7Mfeature=shared via @Chandlerparksid e Ulysses S. Grant was also known for the very liberal stand he took regarding the treatment of #Indians at a time when using the military to confine Indians to reservations was quite popular. In addition, Secretary Zachariah Chandler banned "Indian Attorneys" from the Interior Department, who swindled Indian tribes into paying for bogus representation in Washington D.C. Secretary Chandler fully endorsed President Grant's Peace Policy initiative to civilize American Indian tribes. During the Civil War and Reconstruction, Senator Zachariah Chandler was a leading Radical Republican, advocating strong prosecution of the Union War effort, the end of slavery, and Civil Rights for American “Negro” Freedman. Zachariah Chandler had strongly been opposed to slavery, and he desired that the Northern Whig party would be able to stop Southern slave power from spreading slavery into the Western Territories. Zachariah Chandler financially supported the Underground Railroad in Detroit that assisted fugitive and run away slaves to find safe havens. American Freedmen Legal Fund: Support the American Freedmen Legal Fund to help us create more content dedicated to preserving our Freedmen history for future generations. Donate: gogetfunding.com/american-freed… CashApp donation to cash.app/$arthurwatkins… _____________________________________ #PBS SNEAK PEEK | Great Migrations: A People on the Move: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mIeci4Z8rq2Ll9Usi=Aism9l976_uBjQGs via #HenryLouisGates Jr. American Freedmen: Where Did This Term Come From Anyway?🤔 kzbin.info/www/bejne/iIioXpyIlNaGsKsfeature=shared via #ByThePeopleMedia #DaneCalloway_ #darvidosiris #tariqnasheed #Kurimeo_Ahau #dougsivadsbsimt #blackmexicoblog #drboycewatkins1 #DrUmarJohnson #onemichistory Related To: A Call To Action And Defend American Freedmen History:Notice For PBS Breaching Reconstruction Duties 🧵 Call to Action for American Freedmen. Get ready to submit a complaint with attached info! Submit here: help.pbs.org/support/ticket… Defend Freedmen History: Call Out PBS for Breaching Reconstruction Duties PBS is promoting a misleading narrative that undermines the distinct history of American Freedmen by conflating our legacy with that of Black immigrants, particularly during the Great Migration. This not only erases the unique contributions of Freedmen but also breaches the very duties set forth under Reconstruction-era laws, which were intended to protect and uplift the descendants of those formerly enslaved in the United States. The Reconstruction Amendments and subsequent laws were designed to ensure the civil rights, dignity, and distinct legacy of American Freedmen. By diluting our history and merging our story with immigrant experiences, #PBS is violating the spirit of these protections, failing to properly represent the sacrifices and contributions of Freedmen. We demand PBS and the public: • Honor Reconstruction Duties: Recognize that the legal and moral responsibility to protect Freedmen history is rooted in the laws of Reconstruction, which were enacted to ensure our community’s unique legacy was preserved and respected. • Protect Freedmen Legacy: The Great Migration was a transformative period for American Freedmen, not Black immigrants. It was our ancestors who moved North and West, building new lives while shaping American culture, politics, and society. To ignore this fact is a betrayal of the historical record. • Reject Historical Erasure: American Freedmen are not the same as Black immigrants. The struggle, triumphs, and contributions of Freedmen must remain distinct from immigrant narratives, as both groups have different historical experiences and legacies in this country. @PBS has a duty to accurately represent the history of Freedmen as descendants of U.S. slavery. Failing to do so is a breach of the very legal protections established during Reconstruction to ensure our people would never again be silenced or forgotten. We urge all Freedmen to speak out and demand #PBS respect and protect our history under the laws meant to shield our legacy. Here’s a letter template that Freedmen descendants can submit to PBS, with a title emphasizing the need to protect Freedmen history: Submit here: help.pbs.org/support/ticket… Show: THE GREAT MIGRATION: A PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Subject: Urgent Request to Correct Historical Misrepresentation of American Freedmen Dear PBS Team, I am writing as a descendant of American Freedmen, deeply concerned about the recent promotion of a video narrative that conflates the history of American Freedmen with that of Black immigrants, particularly in the context of the Great Migration. This misrepresentation undermines the distinct legacy of American Freedmen and violates the responsibilities established under Reconstruction-era laws, which were designed to protect and preserve the history of those who built this nation following slavery. The Great Migration was not just a demographic shift - it was a movement of American Freedmen seeking freedom and opportunity after generations of enslavement. It was our ancestors who faced the harsh realities of life in the United States as descendants of the enslaved, and it is their story that deserves to be told in its full, undiluted truth. By merging the experiences of Freedmen with those of Black immigrants, this narrative erases the unique contributions of American Freedmen and ignores the legal and moral responsibilities set forth by the Reconstruction Amendments. These laws were established to ensure the rights and historical recognition of Freedmen descendants, and any attempt to blur these distinctions is a breach of those duties. I respectfully request that PBS: 1. Correct the Narrative: Revise the content of the promotion to accurately reflect the role of American Freedmen in the Great Migration, without conflating it with immigrant narratives. 2. Respect Reconstruction Duties: Uphold the principles laid out by Reconstruction-era laws, which protect the distinct history and contributions of American Freedmen. It is crucial that PBS adheres to its responsibility to fairly represent the Freedmen community. 3. Ensure Future Accuracy: In any future productions or promotions related to Black history, make a clear distinction between the experiences of American Freedmen and other groups, including Black immigrants. These are separate and unique histories that must be treated as such. As a public institution, PBS has a duty to present accurate and respectful portrayals of our nation’s history. I urge you to take these steps to ensure the integrity of American Freedmen’s contributions to this country is maintained and protected. Thank you for your time and attention to this important matter. I look forward to seeing how PBS will address these concerns and honor the history of American Freedmen.

😆😆😆always talking and crying about the past. Maybe if y’all moved on you wouldn’t be so stuck on stupid

And to thank us, their favorite pastimes are ooting ech other, robbin', rappin', Feminine lack of emotional control, and complaining about how bad it is here despite never leaving.

Please stop the fraudulent bs you are spreading as if it’s all the same. Blacks that were enslaved in America were stripped of their self identity, culture, spirituality, language, history, rights, self worth, family, and so much more…. Nobody else can be compared because we are the only ones that’s been through this nightmare

Related To: HOW THE PULLMAN PORTERS BUILT A BLACK MIDDLE CLASS DURING SEGREGATION: (By MICHAEL SCOTT) www.libertarianism.org/articles/how-pullman-porters-built-black-middle-class-during-segregation * Although black porters on Pullman train cars endured racial prejudice and tough working conditions, they used it as an opportunity to foment support for civil rights and to put their families on the next rung of the economic ladder. * Founded in Chicago and chartered in 1867, the Pullman Palace Car Company ushered in a revolution in new forms of luxury transportation in America. * The brainchild of American industrialist and engineer George Pullman, the company provided railroads with conductors and porters that serviced their “Palace” train cars. Chicago “NorthWestern” Lines Railway Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters The Women Ladies Auxiliary (Supported And Raised Money For Porters Union And Civil Rights Activities) The Reconstruction Era (Documentary) kzbin.info/www/bejne/mKW5YqKsm5ppZsksi=Q846s6XpoaX5duP0 via @TheBlackestPan1 #TheBlackestPanther Black Men Built Cars Before Henry Ford & The History of George Washington (Carver) kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqXOiaZ9abCNmtEfeature=shared via #MusicManSpeaks

RIP SIR

Strange 'Stonehenge' discovered in US lake that's 5,000 years older than the British landmark

I am very much disappointed that we lost this great talent. I had the opportunity of meeting him at book signing many years ago. It was Peekskill NY😢❤

James was born & spent his growing up years in the area of MANISTEE, MICHIGAN. Manistee sits on L.Michigan south of TC. I believe he was involved with the historic Ramsdal Theatre in Manistee.

❤🫶🥰💯👑🫡🌟🙏🕯️🕊️

Related To: 🪶Mohawk #Skywalkers:kzbin.info/www/bejne/al7XaZhsgr-NaNkfeature=shared via #DailyDoseDocumentary Humans Didn't Evolve Light Skin For The Reason You Think!🤔 kzbin.infoybTL_zo8Vrw?feature=shared via @NeuroEverything America Was a BIack Native Land Until it Was StoIen & CoIonized: kzbin.infogUALgvHCDGU?feature=shared via #Redirecting @WatchmenReport 👀 Dark History Of These Indigenous Black Indian Tribes Of 🐢Turtle Island: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fIqadHqBmddopNUfeature=shared via #TheResearchGuy The Whole World Knew About Us Before 1492: The Whole World Still Contributes To This Con-Spiracy Today: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rYesqZWtrdeYitkfeature=shared via @BIGJUDAH Mayach Literally Means The First Lands The Arose From The Deep: kzbin.info0Vz-d6SjE2c?feature=shared via @BIGJUDAH Black Mohawk Indians🪶 kzbin.info/aero/PLa3QTOeiS0sWD4DiaID6-u-j_B_neYnM9&feature=shared via @ You've Never Had A Chance To Hear What Our People Said About The Spaniards And Prophecy Fulfillment! kzbin.info/www/bejne/goTHdqhjaNFoq7cfeature=shared via @BIGJUDAH The Father Told Us We’d Know It Was Him That Took Us Down, So Them Same Applies To You Gentiles!! kzbin.infoeuRwFcBfDjw?feature=shared via @BIGJUDAH The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, And 🇺🇸American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via @LKurimeo #Ahau The 🇺🇸U.S. Entered Into Over 400 Treaties With More Than A Hundred Tribal Nations From 1776-1887. A Short History of Michigan Treaties: michiganology.org/stories/a-short-history-of-treaties/ 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians " Complexion Like That Of An African” & “As Black As Negros”... kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via @LKurimeo

Related To: 🪶Mohawk #Skywalkers:kzbin.info/www/bejne/al7XaZhsgr-NaNkfeature=shared via #DailyDoseDocumentary Humans Didn't Evolve Light Skin For The Reason You Think!🤔 kzbin.infoybTL_zo8Vrw?feature=shared via @NeuroEverything America Was a BIack Native Land Until it Was StoIen & CoIonized: kzbin.infogUALgvHCDGU?feature=shared via #Redirecting @WatchmenReport 👀 Dark History Of These Indigenous Black Indian Tribes Of 🐢Turtle Island: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fIqadHqBmddopNUfeature=shared via #TheResearchGuy The Whole World Knew About Us Before 1492: The Whole World Still Contributes To This Con-Spiracy Today: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rYesqZWtrdeYitkfeature=shared via @BIGJUDAH Mayach Literally Means The First Lands The Arose From The Deep: kzbin.info0Vz-d6SjE2c?feature=shared via @BIGJUDAH Black Mohawk Indians🪶 kzbin.info/aero/PLa3QTOeiS0sWD4DiaID6-u-j_B_neYnM9&feature=shared via @ You've Never Had A Chance To Hear What Our People Said About The Spaniards And Prophecy Fulfillment! kzbin.info/www/bejne/goTHdqhjaNFoq7cfeature=shared via @BIGJUDAH The Father Told Us We’d Know It Was Him That Took Us Down, So Them Same Applies To You Gentiles!! kzbin.infoeuRwFcBfDjw?feature=shared via @BIGJUDAH The Iroquois Created The Articles of Confederation, Constitution, And 🇺🇸American Union, Not Europeans! kzbin.info/www/bejne/fYK0nmODatenq7s via @LKurimeo #Ahau The 🇺🇸U.S. Entered Into Over 400 Treaties With More Than A Hundred Tribal Nations From 1776-1887. A Short History of Michigan Treaties: michiganology.org/stories/a-short-history-of-treaties/ 1779 Source Says: Lake Erie Indians " Complexion Like That Of An African” & “As Black As Negros”... kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6aYf6iAZ62Mqac via @LKurimeo

This was an interesting hoax to read on.

It is amazing how for items can travel through trade. It in no way implies that the original owner was attached to it.