The allergy problem would have been real if it had not been prevented long ago. From the very beginning, scientists developing GMO foods knew that it would be possible for a novel gene transferred into a food could be an allergen, and they took steps to prevent it. Meanwhile the anti-GMO groups had never even thought of that. For the first few years, those preventative steps never turned out to matter because none of the transferred genes were allergenic. But finally, in 1996, a team at Pioneer Hi-bred wanted to develop a soybean with a large amount of an essential nutrient, methionine, and they thought of using a gene for a protein that had lots of methionine, which they found in a Brazil nut. One of the preventative steps was to test whether the new protein could be an allergen, and it was, so the project was cancelled. And the team of scientists published an article in the New England Journal of Medicine, relating what they had found. That was how the anti-GMO groups learned that allergies could result from a gene transfer. And they quickly added it to their list of GMO dangers. None of the anti-GMO groups bothered to mention that the system had worked, was a success. A few of the least ethical of them portrayed this as a lucky accident that had saved us from irresponsible Frankenstein scientists running wild with their dangerous experiments. But now, almost thirty years later, there has still never been a case of an allergen slipping by into a GMO food. Have you ever heard of Starlink corn? One of the other allergy preventive screening tools is that the novel gene is put into digestive fluid and it has to be digested, e.g. broken down, too quickly to have a chance to cause an allergic reaction. With Starlink corn, the protein was called cry9C, and the company submitting the data to FDA felt that it had passed all the tests, including all the tests for allergenicity, but FDA disagreed about the rapid digestion, whether it was fast enough. The company disagreed but complied. But they went back to the laboratory and subjected the protein to a different kind of digestive acid, from farm animals, and the digestion of the cry9C protein was much much faster. So they went back to FDA and asked if FDA would approve the new cord variety as an animal food. FDA foolishly agreed to that. But about a year later, Starlink corn was found in the human food supply. And that was discovered and hugely publicized by an anti-GMO group, and of course lots of people came forward and said that they had suffered an allergic reaction. But it is fairly easy to check, by blood tests, whether there is a sensitivity to a given known allergen, and nobody was ever found to have been sensitive to cry9C.

Let's look a bit more carefully at antibiotic resistance. The supposed end danger is this - than a gene that makes a bacterium immune to some kind of antibiotic could pass from a GMO food into that bacterium. Of course, if that was possible, it would not matter, and would actually be a good thing, if the bacterium was a beneficial species. Now what is the antibiotic? It is called kanamycin. It is not used in human medicine. So right away, we could end the discussion - antibiotic resistance is not a problem. But I'd like to go further, just to show how incredibly silly this concern is. Let's pretend that kanimycin is needed in human medicine. The gene that gives a bacterium immunity to kanamycin is called kanr. The supposed danger begins with the GMO food, containing kanr, being digested so that a kanr gene is floating around in the digestive fluid, not yet digested. Then a bad bacterium, which we wish was not in our guts, absorbs that kanr gene. (As we said above, if it is NOT a bad bacterium, it isn't a problem.) So what happens after it is absorbed by a bacterium? Almost certainly, the bacterium digests the gene - uses it as food. Again, not a problem. To have made the bacterium kanamycin resistant, it would have to insert the not yet digested gene into the bacterial chromosome. So, is that possible? Well, it has never been observed to happen. That doesn't mean that it is impossible. The question is, if it has never been observed, maybe it is possible, although unlikely. To decide how unlikely, scientists have studied multiple trillions of instances when kanr genes were "fed" to bacteria, and then after a long time, looked for kanr in the bacterial chromosome. Since they never find it, it tells us that the chance of it happening is less than one in multiple trillions. But let's not give up the worry yet. We need some idea of how small a probability would leave us comfortable. We can answer that question. Let's take use an analogy. Suppose I want to think about the danger of being hit by a car driven by a careless driver. But we know that before there was GMO food, there were, and still are, careless drivers, say one driver out of a hundred. If a GMO food can make just a few more drivers careless, one driver out of ten thousand, this is not a real worry. Worry about the 1% before you worry about the .01%, right. So how many kanr genes get into bad bacteria in other ways? That's easy. Kanr shows up because some other gene mutates. There are always some some kanr genes somewhere, in some bacteria. Where did scientists find the original kanr genes? THEY FOUND THE KANR GENE in our most common stomach bacteria, Escherichia coli. We all have many such kanr genes in our guts all the time. A few more once in a trillion meals is just not an issue. And remember, again, kanamycin is NOT even used in human medicine.

Lepon's fifty concern is about how GMO crops can cause a loss of biodiversity. That is so incredibly wrong. First, if biodiversity means anything, adding a new gene to the gene pool of a species INCREASES biodiversity. The anti-GMO groups understand this, and they have a more complicated argument to make it look like something else. They say that as more and more farmers adopt the GMO version of a crop, say for example, corn, older varieties of corn will be abandoned, so biodiversity is decreased. Of course, any other variety with some superior feature would have the same effect. But that more complicated argument is also wrong. Let's see why. There are hundreds of varieties of, say, corn. Why? Because they all have some features that are useful. A variety that grows well in warm weather will not be chosen in North Dakota. A variety that is suited for dry climates will not be chosen in Louisiana. There are varieties that grow faster which can give two crops per year in some places. There are varieties that resist fungi which are not worth planting where the fungus disease is rare. There are varieties with combinations of qualities. The company that wants to sell a lot of corn with the new trait will not have many sales if the new trait is in only one variety. So the scientists transfer the new trait to as many varieties as they can, and for varieties they don't control, they offer to license the gene to a company that does control those varieties. So there isn't just one variety of, say Bt corn. There are many, hundreds. And many of the older varieties will NOT disappear because the organic agriculture rules do not allow GMO corn. Think of non-GMO corn as a variety with appeal to a large body of consumers. GMO technology INCREASES biodiversity!

Let's now look at the Arpad Pusztai study. Pusztai was a world expert on a class of food toxins called lectins. He was asked to study the safety or danger of putting a kind of lectin in a potato by genetic engineering. THESE WERE NOT potatoes with the Bacillus thuringiensis gene. These were not potatoes ever introduced into the food supply. She has that wrong. Pusztai compared organ deformations between three groups of rats. One was rats fed ordinary non-transformed potatoes, and these had healthy organs. A second group was rats fed with ordinary non-transformed potatoes and also fed with the amount of lectins that would have been eaten of they were eating the GMO potatoes with lectins. The third group of rats were fed the GMO potatoes transformed to contain a lectin. When Pusztai compared organ damage between the second and third group, he found organ damage in both groups, as expected, but he considered the organ damage in the third group to statistically more likely. Pusztai did NOT assert that any other GMO food was shown to be unsafe, only that the GMO potatoes specifically engineered to contain a toxin were more unsafe that the toxin alone. There was also a disagreement about whether he had proved that, but I don't want to quibble about that. It proves NOTHING about the danger of any GMO food on the market, and Pusztai explicitly said that, which has not stopped anti-GMO groups from deriving that conclusion anyway, and then in turn our presenter didn't even know the difference between potatoes engineered to contain a poison and other potatoes engineered to contain a completely non-toxic Bt protein.

Oh then she comes to antibiotic resistance. This is another story that never goes away even though the facts are overwhelming that it is nonsense. First, the gene, kanr, that is uses as an antibiotic resistance marker gives an organism resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin, which is not used in human medicine. So it cannot be a problem. Still, let's ignore that for a minute. We eat the GMO food and the kanr gene gets into our digestive system. It is digestible, which destroys it. But our digestive tract contains zillions of gut bacteria which might get into them the kanr gene BEFORE it is digested. So what. The bacteria themselves will digest the kanr gene. They will not become anti-biotic resistant. OK, suppose some of those bacteria do incorporate the kanr gene into their genome instead of digesting it. Can we prove this is impossible? No, nothing can ever be proven impossible. But something can be proven to be improbable. If it isn't observed in a trillion random trials, its probability of happening can't be more than around one in a trillion, right? That measurement has been done. But wait, there are trillions of bacteria in out guts. If the probability of a kanr gene being incorporated into a gut bacteria's genome is one in a trillion, and there are trillions of gut bacteria, there might be a few such kanamycin resistant bacteria on our guts because we ate a GMO food. Isn't this a problem? Well, no, unless the bacteria which absorbed the gene is a harmful bacterium which we would want to be killable with the antibiotic kanamycin. If the few bacteria with the absorbed kanr gene are all beneficial, then the antibiotic resistance is a GOOD thing. We would only have a problem if the kanr gene got into a harmful bacteria, and only if the kanamycin antibiotic was being used to kill it. We're pretty far out on the list of what has to go wrong here to be harm. We have to be under treatment by an antibiotic never used in human medicine, the gene has to escape being digested by our digestive fluids, it has to be absorbed by a gut bacteria, avoid being digested by that bacteria, and it has to be incorporated into that bacteria's genome, which has never been observed and therefore cannot happen more than once in a trillion times. But we are not done. There is ANOTHER was a kanr gene can get into a gut bacteria genome, by a mutation from another gene. How likely is that? Again, it can be measured, and it is far far greater than one in a trillion. The most common bacteria in our guts is E. coli, and a fair percentage of them have the kanr gene. That's where scientists found the kanr gene in the first place. And bacteria routinely trade genes with one another. So with trillions of E. coli in our guts now, it is far far more likely for a bad bacterium to get the kanr gene from an E. coli bacterium than from a GMO food source. Avoiding GMO food to protect against antibiotic immunity is like putting a thick coat of sunscreen on one finger, and none elsewhere, when you only go outside at night.

I am assuming that this young lady is repeating things she thinks she knows, but I'm listening to the stuff on allergies, and she has been tricked by propaganda. Let's look at the mentioned story about the Brazil nut gene . First, the possibility of a transferred gene specifying an allergenic protein was anticipated by genetic engineers from the very beginning so they routinely took steps to make sure it didn't happen. There were a whole lot of such steps, some tests, some procedures. For a while, none of these precautions were necessary because there were no actual instances of allergies. Meanwhile, the anti-GMO groups had no clue that allergies were on the list of possible dangers at all. But in late 1995, one of the GMO allergy prevention procedures discovered a potential problem. The company Pioneer Hi-Bred was trying to create a genetically modified soybean that was rich in one of the eight essential amino acids, methionine. A candidate transgene was a storage protein from a Brazil nut. One of the safety steps was to test the protein to see if it was an allergen to people known to be allergic to Brazil nuts. The test is very simple. And it showed that this protein was an allergen. The project was, or course cancelled. But the engineers also published what they had found in New England Journal of Medicine, March 1996. What our young presenter calls "serious reactions" were not serious reactions in people, but in tiny amounts of blood extracted from subjects by skin pricks. That was how the anti-GMO groups learned that this was a possible danger, and they, of course, ignored that fact that it had been discovered by the very precautions put in place to prevent it. The discovery of an allergenic protein in a transgenic soybean, which of course was never in the food supply, was described by anti-GMO groups as some sort of close call, a lucky accidental discovery. Suddenly, it appeared on the top of their lists of dangers. But there is no documented case of such an allergy ever appearing in a GMO in the food supply.

Kinahanglan ba mucontact didto beforw muadto for overnight camping?

Mam nagmessege ako sa whang od nu po. Ask ko lang po if anung mas ok gamitin papunta dun crocs o sapatos papuntang buscalan? At may pakumot naba ang mga transcient dun para d naq magdala d kc ako sanay ng walang kumot pag matutulog.

Thank you for helping me understand what installation art is about.

Pila ka km lakaw mam padung sa peak ?

Hi, Very useful video thank you. We are planning to go here soon, could you tell me how many days it took more or less from Manila to Buscalan and back to Manila?

pila ka oras hike from jump off?

maagian raba sakyanan padung sa jump off point?

Hey❤️

Very good!

unsay sakyan padung dinha gikan cebu city. been there years ago nag saag2x pami sauna nakalimot naku unsay sakyan. thanks daan

Love it, I'm excited for out visit in buscalan ❤❤❤

Ang gandang panoorin ng sayaw NATO naka2relax yan Ang bikolnon,,,,,,🌿❤️❤️❤️🌿

mayaman sa dance folks, art,and singing ang bicol❤️☺️marami ang magaganda sa bicol pero bakit ang bagal ang pag-asenso😎

❤ amazing

Italy is Beautiful I've been in Italy 4 years ago with my mom 3 months before COVID-19 came to Europe but it was Venice not Rome but I would like to see Rome too🇮🇹 also I'm just across the sea from Italy my brother also wanted to go but it was unfortunately only two people allowed by the Travel agency we travelled with best European country Italy

Hi ! Can stay overnight at the place with your own tent?

This exact reaction, word for word, has been done by others. I am not aiming to get anyone into trouble, to cause trouble, anything like this. I am coming from a place that copying others... at best... is hollow. It has no benefit. At the very least this needs to be recognised. If the exercise of making a reaction video to 'The Corporation' (2003) is to be beneficial then.. well.. something has to change. Someone has to change something. The aim ought to be to have people understand, for themselves, what the documentary shows. What meaning does it have for each viewer? Speed is not important here. It is no good to go fast and learn nothing.

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Leaaaaannnee hereee I am subscribing using my bf's acc XD WAHAHHA

Haluuu ok ra ang agianan? I mean paved? Sakaon? Hehe

kinahanglan gyud og guide ig adto?

Thanks for this guide. I'm planning to have my first tats diha 😊🥰

Simple, happy, contented life.

Diin dapita tong inyong gikan an dai? Thanks

Kalami Ana be...

Amazing

Hello po ask ko lang po pano po makakuha ng tour guide po? Salamat

Your vlog is a breath of fresh air in the vlogging community! Your unique perspective and creative approach make each video a joy to watch. I appreciate the effort you put into researching and presenting your content. It's evident that you're passionate about what you do, and it shines through in every frame.

Nice ka ani Kay slim ahahha,peace

The traveler

magkano po expenses niyo lahat lahat?

Unsa gamit cam ninyo ani pagvlog sis?

hello po san po kayu kumuha ng tour guide para po makarating kay apo wang od

where can i buy that cook ware

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First comment here

Dili ra lisod ang dalan maam? Dto me ga motor last week kahadlok mn sa dulhog uy 😂

Pag minutor po ba yan ilang oras at pwede po ba walk in pa punta jan? At may posible kaya na ma tattooan ka ni apo whang od

Hi maam.. pwede raba makaadto ni Apo Whang Od during weekdays like Wednesday or Thursday? coz mostly sa mga package tour kay weekend gyud ilang sched sa buscalan just wondering lang basin dili pwede on weekdays.. Hope maka reply ka sa akong question maam.. Thank you.

Weekday mo nangadto?

May internet or signalbpo ng globe or smart sa sagada?

One thousand per person tour guide?