If the building is sanctioned for only 3 floors and your flat is on the 7th floor, it falls under unauthorized construction and Paying a fine does not make the flat legal. It is only a temporary solution, and legal issues may arise in the future. purchasing this Flat can pose significant risks. While the owner claims to have paid a fine, paying a fine does not legalize the flat, and it remains vulnerable to demolition by authorities. Future issues such as resale difficulties, lack of loan approvals, and legal disputes are highly likely, as buyers and banks typically require proper documentation like a sanctioned plan, Completion Certificate (CC), and Occupancy Certificate (OC). Without these, the property is not legally secure. It is strongly recommended that you avoid purchasing this flat and opt for a property with proper approvals and documentation to ensure a safe and hassle-free investment. Consulting a real estate lawyer for verification of all legal aspects is crucial before making any decision.

Since side beams are already present, you do not need to add a separate plinth beam for the 5-inch partition wall.

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If you have a strong interest in structural design, construction processes, and managing construction projects, staying in the civil engineering field might be the right choice. Civil engineering allows you to work on larger infrastructure projects like roads, bridges, and buildings.Civil engineers are always in demand for site management, structural analysis, and other essential roles in construction and infrastructure development. If you like working with designs and technology, learning BIM and joining the architectural drafting field could be a great choice. If you prefer working on larger-scale infrastructure projects and structural aspects, staying in the civil engineering field would be more suitable. Both fields offer growth, so choose based on your interests and career goals.

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Column Placement: The columns are positioned and constructed first. This is because columns carry vertical loads and are essential for the structural integrity of the building. They help establish the frame of the structure. Beam Placement: Once the columns are in place, beams are constructed to connect the columns horizontally. Beams transfer the load from slabs, walls, and other loads to the columns.

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To decide the column positions on the ground floor or first floor, they should be placed based on efficient load transfer, structural layout, and functional space. Columns must align with load-bearing walls, beams, and slabs to ensure a direct vertical load path to the foundation. They should be positioned at grid intersections for structural efficiency while avoiding interference with important spaces like doors and windows. The column positions on both floors should align vertically to maintain uniform load distribution. Additionally, consider foundation design, soil conditions, and local building codes when determining column placement to ensure both structural integrity and functionality.

For a typical residential building with moderate loads, a column size of 12”x12” (300mm x 300mm) to 16”x16” (400mm x 400mm) may be used for spans around 16 feet. For larger buildings or higher loads, the column size may increase depending on structural requirements. Columns could range from 18”x18” (450mm x 450mm) to larger dimensions based on the calculation of axial load, moment, and shear forces.

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Column-to-column distance is typically measured from center to center of the columns. This method ensures consistency and accuracy in structural design, as it accounts for the overall layout without depending on the varying thickness of columns.

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Wouldn't you have to do 25mm X 22mm X 3mm, Because of the corner? I would think you'd be measuring the inside corner twice but correct me if I'm wrong.

31'-2"x42'-1", please add room dimensions with wall thickness to get length & width.