your vids are amazing can you do more year 13 content explanation videos plzz
@ij93493 сағат бұрын
do we need to know about noble gas compounds?
@lianapau75455 сағат бұрын
Hi sir, are you planning to do an explanation video on this topic?
@Nigelcross-stitch7 сағат бұрын
How do you work out the shape if the central atom is a transition metal ,because then i dont know what number to put for group number
@tahakhurram743822 сағат бұрын
Very Useful ❤
@chemistrytutor12 сағат бұрын
Glad you think so! I appreciate the feedback 😃
@Josh_J23Күн бұрын
9:49 why is the carbon positively charged though? i dont understand
@chemistrytutor23 сағат бұрын
The carbon in the carbocation is positively charged because it has lost one of its own electrons from the double bond. Before the reaction, this carbon has 8 electrons in 4 bonds (2 single bonds and 1 double bond), sharing electrons with the atoms around it. During electrophilic addition, the other carbon "takes" both electrons from the double bond-one from each carbon. This leaves the original carbon with only 3 bonds (6 electrons), meaning it’s short by one electron from its usual outer shell. This electron loss is why it becomes positively charged
@alishinawii35022 күн бұрын
when it turns oxide its been oxidized by static electricity with gas and water molecules ,air ,this is how oxides are made in nature ,but its electrically applicable ,and oxides if you apply more heat ,they will lose ho bond more ,thier ability to combust with braze is more ,why idont know why not with all metals ,aa transition metals ,with non transition metal oxide
@chemistrytutor2 күн бұрын
Thanks for your interest in how oxidation works-it's great to see you exploring this topic! 😊 Oxides do form when metals react with elements like oxygen, often from the air or moisture, but it’s typically due to chemical bonding rather than static electricity. For example, when metals are heated, they can react with oxygen more readily, leading to oxide formation. Transition metals sometimes behave differently in redox reactions due to their unique electron arrangements, which affect how they gain or lose electrons. Keep exploring these ideas, and feel free to reach out with more questions-it’s a fascinating area of chemistry!
@user-rs7xw3uj6r2 күн бұрын
Hi ur videos are amazing i used them throughout yr 12 and i got consistent A*- please could u make more yr 13 vids soon (if possible) as they r so so good
@user-rs7xw3uj6r2 күн бұрын
could u pls do carboxylic acids and derivatives 🙏🙏🙏
@chemistrytutor2 күн бұрын
Thank you for the encouragement- it means a lot! I'm working my way through content, trying to cater for GCSE and A level Chemistry. There will definitely be more A level on the way soon :)
@chemistrytutor2 күн бұрын
Acylation - I think this is mostly what you're talking about? kzbin.info/www/bejne/qXuznKZ4pL2Vf6s
@user-rs7xw3uj6r2 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutor great tysm
@user-rs7xw3uj6r2 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutor ohh thank you i didnt see that!
@primisz__50142 күн бұрын
At 25:35, won't there be 4 because you won't include the hexane? And you'd only count the rest?
@primisz__50142 күн бұрын
nvm just realised I'm wrong
@chemistrytutor2 күн бұрын
@@primisz__5014 Thanks for taking the time to comment and double-check the content! A Level Chemistry can be tricky, so it's great to see you working through the material. I'm glad it made sense in the end!
@RewayiElizabeth3 күн бұрын
You are amazing thank you so much wow. 🎉I'm a happy soul now:) thank you for those trick ways I love them guys this is wonderful❤❤❤
@chemistrytutor2 күн бұрын
Your words made my day-thanks so much!
@andrewjustin2563 күн бұрын
Hey there, I'm encountering difficulty with how you predicted what the products will be when NaOH reacted with Cl2 2NaOH + Cl2 --> NaCl + NaClO + H2O; how did you know it would yield sodium hypochlorite. If i were to be predicting on my own, i would simply think NaCl will be there only. Morever reaction like H2SO4 + NaCl --> HCl + NaHSO4. I thought the reaction would be like H2SO4 + 2NaCl --> 2HCl + Na2SO4 Please assist me in this!
@chemistrytutor2 күн бұрын
Great question! Predicting products can be tricky since it depends on reaction types and oxidation states. Let me break it down: Reaction 1: 2NaOH + Cl₂ → NaCl + NaClO + H₂O In this reaction, chlorine (Cl₂) undergoes disproportionation, meaning it’s both oxidized and reduced at the same time, forming products with two different oxidation states: 1. Recognizing Disproportionation: Chlorine starts in a zero oxidation state. When it reacts with a base (like NaOH), it splits into Cl⁻ (chloride) and ClO⁻ (hypochlorite) ions. 2. Final Products: - Chlorine is reduced to Cl⁻, which combines with Na⁺ to form NaCl. - Chlorine is also oxidized to ClO⁻, which pairs with Na⁺ to create NaClO. - Water (H₂O) is also formed as a byproduct. In alkaline conditions, chlorine often undergoes this kind of reaction, giving both NaCl and NaClO. Reaction 2: H₂SO₄ + NaCl → HCl + NaHSO₄ This reaction is controlled by the strength of sulfuric acid. Since it’s dilute here, it only acts as an acid, not an oxidizing agent. 1. Product Formation: H₂SO₄ reacts with NaCl, and the H⁺ from H₂SO₄ displaces Na⁺ from NaCl, creating HCl. 2. Why Not Na₂SO₄? Since only one mole of HCl is released per mole of NaCl, the leftover HSO₄⁻ ions pair with Na⁺ to form NaHSO₄. Forming Na₂SO₄ would need more NaCl and a more vigorous reaction. In summary: - For chlorine and bases, disproportionation is common, so look for products with different oxidation states. - For H₂SO₄ with salts like NaCl, expect NaHSO₄ when only single displacement occurs. Hope this helps!
@andrewjustin256Күн бұрын
@chemistrytutor Thank you so much for replying me! May I also inquire from you whether there are more such rules or I should state "observations or good rule of thumb" as you have mentioned in the summary portion of your answer? Please refer to me a link or make a video on these seeming "exceptions" from the standard reactions (for instance Single or double displacement, redox, combustion, precipitation...) or "special conditions" of predicting the products! I also struggle with metalloids involvement in the reactions.
@strawberryfrago3 күн бұрын
hello!! was wondering if you've done an explanation video on aromatic compounds?? (benzene, electrophilic sub and all that, specifically for aqa a level chem) thank you so much!!
@chemistrytutor2 күн бұрын
I've got this video on electrophilic substitution. kzbin.info/www/bejne/h2eakppmdreCnJY I teach AQA, so all of my videos are aimed at AQA first and foremost (whilst also being suitable for all exam boards)
@strawberryfrago2 күн бұрын
@ thanks so much for your reply!! shared your channel with my friends, definitely saving our a level 😂
Appreciate you taking the time to comment. Thank you!
@zahramubashar76643 күн бұрын
These videos are sooo goood tyyyssssmmm sir 🫀
@chemistrytutor2 күн бұрын
So grateful for your kind words-thank you!
@navishan_yt23793 күн бұрын
underrated guy
@chemistrytutor2 күн бұрын
That’s so encouraging to hear-thank you!
@FatimaAli-x5s4 күн бұрын
23:12 why does the chlorine atom increase? (ie why does it go from CH2Cl2 to CH2Cl3?)
@chemistrytutor4 күн бұрын
If you have an excess of chlorine more than one H can be substituted. I show it sequentially one H being substituted after another
@FatimaAli-x5s4 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutorso because we’re adding a Cl2 it goes from CH2Cl2 to CH3Cl3?
@chemistrytutor4 күн бұрын
@FatimaAli-x5s yep, and the other Cl goes into making another HCl
@FatimaAli-x5s4 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutorokay thank you sir this really helped 😊
@maarr775 күн бұрын
hi sir, i need some help please, at 4:14 what do u mean by rotate? why do we need to rotate the molecule if the mirror image is the enantiomer? i’m also struggling to understand the importance of the groups now pointing in different directions? at 5:38
@chemistrytutor5 күн бұрын
@maarr77 the reason we rotate the molecule is to *prove* that the enantiomers are different. When looking at mirror images you could be forgiven for thinking they were the same thing, but when we rotate one of them, we see that the two are different. We can tell they are two different things *because* the groups are pointing in different directions. So people's hands normally look like mirror images when held palm to palm, but rotate them so both of the palms face the same way and the thumbs point in different directions
@addiagulistan22596 күн бұрын
hey ur vids r rlly helpful is there a playlist for amount of substance calculations🙏 for alevel chem
@chemistrytutor6 күн бұрын
Thanks for your kind feedback! Yes indeed I do have one... Amount of Substance | AQA | A level Chemistry: kzbin.info/aero/PLceIPyRipWC1y0-dpiglj8w05xaykU_Vw
@user-uc5nk1sg3g6 күн бұрын
Are all your vids AQA content? thanks!
@chemistrytutor6 күн бұрын
@user-uc5nk1sg3g yes absolutely. AQA is what I teach, so that's the exam board I make the videos for. They're good for other exam boards as well though
@user-uc5nk1sg3g6 күн бұрын
@ ok thanks I’m studying aqa so will be sure to watch all of these👍
@chemistrytutor6 күн бұрын
@@user-uc5nk1sg3g I'm so glad you liked it! If you have questions or need clarification, feel free to ask!
@Sara.m16226 күн бұрын
Hi sir, thank you so much for these videos. They are my only source of getting all the information I need. Thank you for making them so thorough and detailed with diagrams to help. I am wondering if we need to know the method for making a volumetric solution and the method for carrying out an acid base titration?
@chemistrytutor6 күн бұрын
Hi, yes you need both of those. Depending on your exam board, the volumetric solutions is a required Practical or PAG. Here is a titrations video walkthrough...kzbin.info/www/bejne/rZWomouOpZKresk
@Sara.m16225 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutor Thank you so much for replying to everyone and promptly. I am doing the AQA exam board
@chemistrytutor5 күн бұрын
@Sara.m1622 excellent 👌 The videos will suit your needs well 😃
@James-ow7ek7 күн бұрын
could you explain how you found the equations for the lithium/lithium cobalt oxide electrodes , and why they were written in that way? I would have thought the negative lithium electrode would mean reduction is happening , hence Li+ + e- --> Li ? and the other way around for the top one but that's clearly incorrect.
@chemistrytutor5 күн бұрын
The negative electrode is negatively charged because, at that electrode, electrons are being produced. The negative electrode is always where oxidation occurs, and that's the half equation that has the lower electrode potential. Conversely, the positive electrode is the half reaction with the larger electrode potential. This reaction proceeds in the reduction direction, 'using up' electrons which is a good way to remember why it's considered to be the positive electrode
@sarahm53768 күн бұрын
Hi I’m Abit confused when do we know when to do step 6 like the arrow pointing upwards why does that not happen with NACL or MGBR do u not do it when you use halogens 37:50
@chemistrytutor8 күн бұрын
@sarahm5376 good question- you don't need it for halogens. You only need it for negative ions that are 2- (so O^2- or S^2-)
@diluniwaduge46729 күн бұрын
Sir 18:04 isn't the answer wrong? Shouldn't the answer be 0.038 mol?
@chemistrytutor9 күн бұрын
You're absolutely right, good spot! 😃 I've clearly typed the wrong value into the calculator. This has had a knock on effect on the Mr value too!
@Suadabdirizak10 күн бұрын
Absolutely beautiful
@chemistrytutor10 күн бұрын
Thanks! Your encouragement keeps me motivated. 😃
@Milojs711 күн бұрын
so good thank you
@chemistrytutor10 күн бұрын
I’m so glad you liked it! If you have questions or need clarification, feel free to ask!
@viicato12 күн бұрын
Saving students one mechanism at a time, thank you so much!
@chemistrytutor12 күн бұрын
Thanks! It’s great to know my content is making a difference 😃
@yiruma8012 күн бұрын
Sir I had a doubt for 2nd I.E of Na in 31:49 why did we take 6 successive electrons in 2p shouldn't there be 7 successive electrons in 2p and 2 successive electrons in 2s? Kindly help me clear the concept please
@chemistrytutor12 күн бұрын
The 8 electrons on the log graph are for the 2nd energy level for Na (which is fully complete). In that 2nd energy level there are 6 p electrons and 2 s electrons
@finnerz920013 күн бұрын
Hi sir, why does the oxygen put its line pair back into the double bond in the first step of elimination? I’m just confused why it does this e.g. electrons attracted to nuclei or delta plus or just unstable?
@chemistrytutor13 күн бұрын
It does this to stabilise the structure. Oxygen is less stable when it has an additional lone pair and a negative charge, so it uses one of its lone pairs to reform the C=O double bond. When the oxygen puts its lone pair back into the bond, the structure returns to a more stable state, characteristic of a carbonyl compound. Elimination of the Leaving Group: To accommodate the reformation of the C=O double bond, another group (often the group initially attached to the carbonyl carbon) is expelled as a leaving group, completing the elimination step. This reformation of the carbonyl double bond is energetically favourable because the double bond is more stable than the oxygen holding a negative charge. It is this driving force that causes the oxygen to push its lone pair back into the bond, enabling the reaction to proceed efficiently
@mahdiismail661714 күн бұрын
You have saved me never understood the successful ionisation graphs now I do thanks
@chemistrytutor14 күн бұрын
@@mahdiismail6617 Thank you! Your feedback is invaluable. If you enjoyed this, check out my other videos!
@lizziellama14 күн бұрын
At 14:09, isn't the 2nd mechanism a nucleophilic substitution, because the negative ion attacks the positive carbon?
@chemistrytutor14 күн бұрын
@lizziellama Yes, you can refer to stage 2 of electrophilic addition, where the carbocation is attacked by, for instance, a Br⁻ ion, as nucleophilic attack. In this step, the nucleophile (Br⁻) donates a pair of electrons to the electron-deficient carbocation, completing the addition reaction. While the overall reaction is called electrophilic addition (since it starts with an electrophile attacking the π bond), the specific second step involves a nucleophile (like Br⁻) attacking the carbocation, which fits the definition of a nucleophilic attack. They aren't really a fan of using the term nucleophile when the mechanism isn't nucleophilic substitution or nucleophilic addition though. I would recommend you refer to it more broadly as the Br^1- donates an electron pair or attacks the C+
@lizziellama14 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutor Okay, thank you so much!!
@Tharushi_SM15 күн бұрын
13:34 stoichiometry of H20 is just 1. Not two here right? Thank you so much for this. I love how you connect all the parts to one another so it’s in a flow. Thank you again.
@chemistrytutor15 күн бұрын
Yes, great spot! I must have been thinking of the NaOH equation where you need the 2. Thanks for the feedback 😀
@Tharushi_SM15 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutoryep, happy to help
@benbyers470115 күн бұрын
What the sigma ! Such a high aura video😮
@chemistrytutor14 күн бұрын
@benbyers4701 thanks for the vibes. Glad you found it helpful
@YamnaIjaz-z5w15 күн бұрын
Best video ❤
@chemistrytutor15 күн бұрын
Thank you 😊
@YamnaIjaz-z5w15 күн бұрын
Best teacher on the whole KZbin..Thnkuu❤
@chemistrytutor15 күн бұрын
@@YamnaIjaz-z5w that's really kind of you, thanks 😊
@strawberryfrago15 күн бұрын
thank you for your videos... they are really, really all so helpful!!!
@chemistrytutor15 күн бұрын
@@strawberryfrago that's great to know, I really appreciate the feedback 😀
@RewayiElizabeth15 күн бұрын
Hi sir
@chemistrytutor15 күн бұрын
@@RewayiElizabeth 😃
@5c32radoatajwarfiad615 күн бұрын
How will I understand which one have overall oxidation is zero ????
@chemistrytutor15 күн бұрын
For a half equation? You add up all of the charges of all of the chemicals on one side of the equation. So H2O and SO2 both have no charge, so that side has no charge
@sadiyosharaf131816 күн бұрын
❤
@chemistrytutor16 күн бұрын
@@sadiyosharaf1318 😃
@sairagul770016 күн бұрын
THANKS DUDE this was so helpful!
@chemistrytutor16 күн бұрын
@@sairagul7700 excellent 👌
@NisaMeher-t4d16 күн бұрын
Thank you sir- really needed this video. Are you going to be making A2 content?
@chemistrytutor16 күн бұрын
@@NisaMeher-t4d absolutely. Organic Chemistry Required Practical (or PAG) will hopefully be out today
@NisaMeher-t4d16 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutor thank u so much- ur content has greatly helped me. I am glad to know I’ll have this continued support for yr13 😊
@lianapau754516 күн бұрын
Hi thank you so much, your videos helped me a lot!!! I would be greatly appreciate if you could do videos on esters, amines and polymerisation!!
@chemistrytutor16 күн бұрын
@@lianapau7545 they're in the pipeline. It will be a few months for these ones but they are on the way
@lizziellama14 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutor Hey sir, do you think you will be done with A2 content by start of 2025? So that I can use them to revise for a levels haha. (Thanks so much for your videos btw they saved my grades).
@chemistrytutor14 күн бұрын
@lizziellama great question. Probably not the start of 2025. Before the exams for sure but not sure by how much
@lianapau754514 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutor thank you so much this will be extremely helpful, I got an A in my year12 thanks to you!
@Ol-vo2ky17 күн бұрын
So this is the full lesson video?
@chemistrytutor17 күн бұрын
@@Ol-vo2ky yes indeed
@bye129618 күн бұрын
This is such a good explanation I was struggling to understand this topic so much but this really helped
@chemistrytutor17 күн бұрын
Thank you for taking the time to leave feedback. It's much appreciated 😃
@HayleyMackenzie-h4e19 күн бұрын
does it matter if our wedges and lines on the shapes are at a specific point on the drawing
@chemistrytutor19 күн бұрын
@HayleyMackenzie-h4e it depends what shape you're drawing. The convention for tetrahedral is to have them both pointing in the same sort of direction - usually down and off to the same side
@HayleyMackenzie-h4e19 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutor thank you so much
@JosephAdamu-fi7mq19 күн бұрын
spot on
@chemistrytutor19 күн бұрын
@@JosephAdamu-fi7mq 😃
@NishatMazumder-s4y20 күн бұрын
3:20 Sir can we choose any order to assign to x or does it have to be the heaviest one?
@chemistrytutor20 күн бұрын
It can be either. It's just that if you make the lighter one your x you end up with -x on one side and need an extra rearrange step
@teemtaha857 Hi. This video will be suitable for any exam board. I teach AQA so I always make sure it covers everything needed for AQA. All exam boards are at least 95% the same though. The main differences between them is not the content they include, but rather how they structure the course, what topics are on each exam and the question style
@laindoer33322 күн бұрын
great video, you’re fantastic
@chemistrytutor21 күн бұрын
Thank you. That's very kind of you
@MiyanMdRafsanjani22 күн бұрын
Sir in our syllabus , new things about mass spectrometer has been included and these are : Understanding M+, M+1 and M+2 Peaks. Could you please upload a new video regarding the whole mass spectrometer ?
@chemistrytutor21 күн бұрын
Which syllabus is that? I always aim to make it perfect for aqa as that's the one I teach
@MiyanMdRafsanjani21 күн бұрын
@@chemistrytutor Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701. It's a request that if you could make some time and make me and other international students understand the whole M+, M+1, and M+2 Peaks in a video lecture.
@chemistrytutor21 күн бұрын
@@MiyanMdRafsanjani I will add it to my planning list of videos