Thanks for your question! The test was completed using an Octobox Pal as an AP, and a different Pal as a STA, not a real device.

The preamble is used to get the initial channel state so that the device can track changes as the rest of the data comes in. So the preamble needs to occupy the bandwidth being used for data, i.e. 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 MHz. because channel state info is needed for the entire bandwidth being used.

@@spirentvideos My understanding is primary and secondary sub band would carry their own preamble. (discontiguous).

Are you asking the name of the testing system? This product is called Landslide. Yes, you build the performance tests with the Landslide application included.

Hi Eduardo. I hope we covered the vulnerabilities inherent to GNSS. If you approach this from the receiver perspective (rather than the SIS) there would be too many threats to list! Traditional cyber attacks, poor tracking loops, even spoofing... there are many threats that aren't necessarily inherent.

@@willt6956 thanks for your answer, yes sure but even in SIS there are many other threats that threaten the position solution trustworthiness, specially when we talk about Integrity, which is a key performance on Safety critical Applications. All these threats have to be carefully assessed one by one ensuring that integrity and safety is met at the required levels. Spirent signals simulator should emulate them somehow I guess. Have a great day!

@@gnssacademy absolutely! It's always the primary consideration here - integrity and fidelity - in order that every variation on signal quality and trustworthiness can be fully assessed. Sensor fusion is helping to make this process easier for users, but then a poorly configured positioning engine can increase problems. Thanks for the feedback - have a great weekend!