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Glad it helped.

Correct. That is an active research topic for the cell biology of mitosis, meiosis, all of the special cases (such as asymmetrical cytokinesis) and all the ways it can go wrong (as in non-disjunction).

@@janineleblanc-straceski3181 i love to talk to you more if possible about such a subject. i have no degree i cant afford college yet. I just a deep passion for helping Cancer patients that dose more good than bad some day. so the health of the motor molecules leans alot on the ATP for them to get around and Cancer has alot of factors one is it is a uncontrolled situation which is connected to the Mitochondria they activate caspase which helps with Apoptosis . so in short test the health of the motor molecules mainly the Kineasen and Dynien can be tested because the motility of the mitochondria is as far as my studies show done only by them. There is more i will see if i can chat with you more first

@@joshuabowman7210 Since you do have access to a computer, try this: www.edx.org/

@@janineleblanc-straceski3181 thanks

I’m glad you found it helpful!

I very glad they are helpful.

Glad you found it helpful.

Well, I guess I am! Good luck!

Thank you for your kind words. I am happy you found them useful.

Concepts of Genetics by Brooker

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UTRs contain at the minimum the Kozak sequence for ribosome binding at the 5' end and the AAUAAA cleavage and polyadenylation site at the 3' end, and then the subsequent poly A tail (usually). I 'm not aware of any measurements of average or minimum length, but I'm sure there are some!

The “why” question is a tricky one. There is seldom a satisfying answer. The short answer is that there is no good explanation that has been elucidated right now.

@@janineleblanc-straceski3181 Hahaha fair enough! Thank you so much for your amazing lectures and also replying to all questions! I really appreciat it <3

That is a great question. As DNA is replicated - or transcribed - nucleosomes dissociate from the DNA and reform behind the polymerase. There's a lot going on at the replication fork and the transcription bubble!

Thanks!

Sorry about that.

The text is Concepts of Genetics by Brooker

@@janineleblanc-straceski3181 how to get it?

Thank you. I'm glad it helped.

I’m so glad you found them helpful!

Glad it helped!

kitsand Thank you!

Chromosomes shorten overtime, at the telomeres.

That is a good question! There probably are some chaperone proteins. The newly synthesized DNA is immediately rewound around nucleosomes. Old nucleosomes are stripped off the template, broken down into half-nucleosomes that retain their epigenetic modifications (methylation, acetylation etc.) and mixed with brand new histones. Enzymes recognize the half- modified nucleosomes and duplicate the modifications on the new histones. (Re-call that a nucleosome core is an octamer of 2 each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.) That is how epigenetic modifications are passed from mother to daughter cells.

Very glad you found it helpfull.

@@janineleblanc-straceski3181 thank u sooo much

The revertants are dependent on the mutation in the original strain of bacteria used. For example, Salmonella typhimurium has two different his- mutants that are used in the Ames test. Amino acid biosynthetic operons typically encode several enzymes that work in a pathway to synthesize the amino acid. Mutations in hisD and hisG genes have point or -1 frame shift mutations to enable the researcher to detect different mutagenic properties of a substance.