11,300-Year-Old MEGASTRUCTURE: WF16 & the Birth of Civilisation | Ancient Architects

Just when I thought I had presented all of the most incredible Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites of Western Asia, I stumble across another hidden gem, a 12,000-year-old site that was only discovered in 1996, and it’s amazing architecture is worthy to be mentioned alongside the likes of Gobekli Tepe, Karahan Tepe and Jericho.
The site is truly ancient, it’s Pre-Pottery Neolithic A, and is known as WF16, which actually stands for Wadi Faynan 16 - an extraordinary site in the Southern Levant, in Southern Jordan, the most southerly early Neolithic settlement I’ve covered on the Ancient Architects channel and it’s one you’ll want to remember.
The Pre-Pottery Neolithic A was a true transition phase in the human story, between the Epi-Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B farmers, a time when the worldview for many was changing, and you could argue that this time marked the true birth of civilisation.
Until the discovery of WF16, the PPNA sites of the Southern Levant were far less spectacular than those we find in the north. There was no southern equivalent to Gobekli Tepe or Mureybet, with most settlements appearing more like small hamlets or camps, as opposed to major population centres.
When WF16 was first discovered, it was thought to be just a seasonal camp, but with more excavation, that opinion would soon change. This was a large settlement with so many amazing archaeological finds, more than 30 structures and one special purpose megastructure, which makes this site so unique in the Southern Levant.
Watch this video to learn more about WF16, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and the birth of civilisation.
All images are taken from the below sources for educational purposes only. Please subscribe to Ancient Architects, Like the video and please leave a comment below. Thank you.
Sources:
faynanheritage....
www.researchga...
centaur.readin...
#ancientarchitects #WF16 #archaeology

[@AncientArchitects]

Thank you for watching and for being here! If you want to support the channel, you can become a KZbin Member at kzbin.info/door/scI4NOggNSN-Si5QgErNCwjoin or I’m on Patreon at www.patreon.com/ancientarchitects

[@Unkl_Bob]

Did you mean half a hundred thousand years ago instead of half a million? I was not aware modern humans were anywhere 500,000 years ago ! 5:13

[@MarkVrem]

Hopefully this earthquake that just happened there, didn't destroy everything we left exposed to the elements.

[@parsleypalace3272]

Such beautiful videos! History has definitely been altered since I studied ancient history nearly 40 years ago. Just amazing. Thank you.

[@abheek160]

Hey I want to bring it to your attention on Ratnagiri's Prehistoric Rock Art can you please make video on it .

[@SimonEkendahl]

@@abheek160 Is that in Scandinavia?

[@ancientsitesgirl]

Greetings from 🇪🇬 Jordan will probably be next. As always your videos inspire me to travel further✌️

[@AncientArchitects]

Hello! Hope your well!

[@RudolfBuirma]

It's humbling to realise that people were well organized and laborious 10k years ago, and no owner class, managers or financial economic system was needed. Structures were still built, pottery was being made, farms kept and art produced. People lived and apparently still thrived. Great video as always Matt!

[@JMM33RanMA]

I suggest you read Hobbes and Locke about how they came to be organized and labor together.

[@johncollins211]

Its seems our engineering skills have always been pretty sharp. We were extremely skilled craftsman and engineers thousands of years before we even had mathematics. Our intuitions allowed us too engineer projects without actually knowing the science behind what was being done.

[@lostpony4885]

Yes but you dont know they didnt have those things.

[@lostpony4885]

@@johncollins211 theres a lot of reason to believe we had a lot more math a lot sooner than we assume. Just like has started to become more accepted about toolmaking and language

[@guaporeturns9472]

Slaves

[@elihinze3161]

Such an amazing find!! Civilization began so much earlier than we used to think

[@jacksavage4098]

Human civilization seems to back farther each year. So amazing.

[@GMac2776]

😂

[@21LAZgoo]

fr man, and its gonna keep going back

[@BritishFreedom]

Not really.... According to scientists the human race goes back 100s of thousands of years, whereas the earliest civilisation (like this) is at most 12 thousand years old...

[@barrywalser2384]

Structure 075 is totally amazing, but I also found the burial practices interesting. Great stuff! Thanks Matt!

[@AncientArchitects]

There’s so much more but had to leave a lot of detail out. Thanks for watching Barry.

[@wildzz21channel3]

@@AncientArchitects you could do sort of mini-series about these sites, finding the information in the internet regarding these topics is kinda hard and I’d love to know more about this site but also many others. Also with mini series I don't mean like several videos regarding the same topic published one after another, you could split them up and later create a playlist? Or something like that so that you can talk about it fully and don't have to select which information to put in the video

[@JonnoPlays]

I'm so glad this content is based on scientific sources. It's sad I even have to say that. Keep up the good work these videos are moving the needle towards truth and away from alternative history channels that will say anything to get views.

[@gunnarelisigurjonsson2587]

Hopefully we can be allowed to dig further and learn more

[@rayn8740]

Another winner!🏆That was so well done.👍👍Thanks for taking the time to sift through the archeologists' voluminous documentation for us.

[@DakotaSmith000]

The ancient world gets more amazing by year and I sure am glad that I found this channel!

[@nancyM1313]

Thank you Matt for this upload. Wonderful you keep discovering these sites and SHARING. You're the best. Can't wait for your trip to Egypt. Take care Matt🌺🗽🌺

[@AncientArchitects]

Thank you 🙏

[@colinmcom14]

Wow thanks for the video. It’s crazy that there are places like this, Tell Qaramel, and Göbekli Tepe that are still so obscure, relatively speaking. I guess it takes a while for stuff like it to become known to the wider public. It’s interesting how much cool historical knowledge I’ve found solely through the works of KZbinrs like yourself, keep doing what you do, it’s greatly appreciated!

[@fsinjin60]

I think current events help explain how these cultures disappeared. 7.5 & 7.8 earthquakes within 100km. And the actual written story of Jericho.

[@lawneymalbrough4309]

The fact that they were able to make stone implements like that shows they were very industrious and crafty.

[@louiserabie1651]

Thank you for making this area of archaeology accessible, Matt. I’ve watched a couple of the videos you translated from the original Turkish archaeology team, which I wouldn’t have been able to understand or even find. I hope they appreciate what you’re doing too!

[@PatchouliPenny]

Wow, another incredible site! My heart is breaking for the people of Southern Turkiye and Northern Syria - absolutely terrifying videos. As if Syria needed more heartache.

[@AncientArchitects]

It’s truly devastating. So so sad.

[@williammaurer9450]

Love it! I think these were the universities of their day. Where science, medicine, religion, survival, socialization, culture, language, hunting, farming, building, cooking, art, clothing, weaponry, etc., were at the the cutting edge of their developments. These were hot spots of evolutionary unfolding, examination, experimentation, learning, questioning, understanding, governing, etc.. These centers were their laptops, laboratories and libraries. The recent earthquakes in this area of the world might be a clue to how/why these settlements were abandoned.

[@wellbehaveddogs7694]

There is an idea that Bodmin moor in Cornwall was a college teaching 'how to build a stone circle' ...see Christian O'Brien 'the shining ones'

[@StephiSensei26]

Thank you Matt! Another masterful program.

[@brunomazzorana8764]

Thanks a lot! And just imagine what could be found on the continental shelf .

[@AncientPuzzles]

Truly amazing site. I have to agree that the Pre Pottery Neolithic A was definitely a crucial period when it comes to development👍🏻

[@Eyes_Open]

Always more to see. Thanks much.

[@AncientArchitects]

Thank you for watching

[@scottzema3103]

Impressive. The thought occurs to me that there may have been towns made of wood in the forested areas of Europe and the Middle East. The mind goes to the Swiss lake dwellers or other inhabitants of Neolithic Europe whose wooden buildings and artifacts would be long gone. Perhaps actually major wooden towns now gone represented a much larger portion of inhabited sites in the late Neolithic. The Mayans, for instance, possessed excellent wood working skills even architecturally of which only traces remain because of the jungle environment.

[@1111xyz]

with the forest constantly growing and decay taking place over time or being used up by builders, it makes sense with what stone creations have lasted.

[@kyriacosstavrinides893]

There probably were some settlements in Europe in that era. However, I doubt they would have structures of the same size precisely because they would be using wood. These places in the Levant may have survived antiquity because they used the abundant stone. Stone's sturdiness may have allowed them to have more stable constructions than their building techniques would be capable of otherwise.

[@scottzema3103]

@@kyriacosstavrinides893 Wood was not so poor a structural material that it wasn't used in say the Bent Pyramid or the Djoser Pyramid at Saqqara. So people knew about wood. Finally in the Great Pyramid they learned to substitute granite beams for wooden supports as the ultimate structural solution.

[@mrbaab5932]

They can find post holes of wooden posts in the dirt even when the wood is gone.

[@amkon1]

OUTSTANDING! Another superior presentation my friend. Nicely done.

[@johnfraser6013]

Thanks Matt ~ another fascinating archaeological treasure ! 👍👍

[@douginorlando6260]

Theatric performances must go way back. People love it and it’s an effective influential form of communication … especially considering no radio or tv.

[@JMM33RanMA]

Thanks, Matt, for another fascinating peek through the curtain of time to see some of what our distant ancestors were able to do. I agree that the term "civilization" should include places and cultures like this, even though it derives from the Latin word for city. Thanks again for another great video, and following after Prof. Miano's first installment of his trip to Egypt. My cup runeth over!🥃🍺🍷

[@tekannon7803]

It is not unreasonable to imagine that if one could travel through time and visit WF 16 in its heyday, there might have been every profession as we know them represented in society.

[@JonnoPlays]

As someone who works in marketing I was thinking the other day of what that profession would have looked like in the ancient past. Especially around the advent of larger cities there must have been something that served the function of telling people about products and services for sale in the city. Maybe it was just word of mouth, or the bazarre being located in a central area, but I still wonder.

[@OrdinaryCritic]

Yeah, they might also be arguing about pronouns, for all we know. ❤

[@will7its]

@@JonnoPlays haha, yeah dude. You guys were in high demand. At emptying poop buckets or a being a good slave. If you were really good they might even feed you once a week or let you sleep inside on really cold nights. Holy crap dude. Marketing

[@dragonfox2.058]

@@OrdinaryCritic nah we never would have progressed

[@ashscott6068]

IT techician? Pilot? Astronaut? Game show host? Reality TV star? God, I hope not!

[@zograf4572]

It is safe to say, at this moment, that we know very little about history.

[@AncientArchitects]

We’re just learning with every new discovery :)

[@lindalycett4138]

So much has been kept from us, but its now starting to filter out.

[@harryraam9566]

8:12 maybe an ancient dildo?

[@andypearce5537]

Awesome work guys! 🙏

[@AncientArchitects]

Cheers

[@westcoastcanadian7930]

The rebirth of our civilization but we know there has been several before this one. Great video thanks!

[@christophweeks7428]

WOW!! A profound thank you! My wife and I will be in Jordan this September and this site will definitely be added to the list!

[@AmaratMamu]

I feel the great Celebration was the Ritual, too. A gathering of people to connect with others and their Cosmogonia. I imagine it happy, exciting, and even challenging. And overall, a fantastic annual experience for humans to cooperate and achieve something great. Just my imagination.

[@emk7132]

Wow are you churning these videos out! Not complaining!😃

[@kwennemar]

Thank You. It's so satisfying seeing our ancestors come out of the Ice Age. Better opportunities lead to increased population and the wonderful community you introduced to us today.

[@deewesthill1213]

I'm always happy to get to see a new video from you. I like to speculate about how comfortable it was for the people who lived in all these stone structures. Sitting and socializing, reclining, sleeping, cooking, eating, bathing, medical care, working at many crafts, doing rituals, hunting, foraging, and all the cleanup chores necessary after these activities. What sorts of textiles -- mats, mattresses, blankets, pillows, cushions, bags, nets, and of course clothing were they making to pad all those stony surfaces? They must have been weaving as well as cutting up and sewing animal skins and gathering leaves, pine needles, grasses to use for padding. Maybe they could spin yarn from wild sheep wool and goat hair and knit it and make nets too. Of course all of those are items long gone after over 11,000 years. How exciting it would be if they could ever find any vestiges of such work, or carved illustrations of people in clothing.

[@danielhummer4482]

Absolutely FASCINATING

[@XLA-zg1nn]

Great video Matt, keep up the good work 😊

[@t0mn8r35]

This one was very interesting just like all of your other presentations. Thank you.

[@winstonsmith8240]

There's a 32,000 year old cave painting that left Picasso speechless. When you consider the artist had to make his own paint, brushes, pot holing gear to get to it( it's deep and dark),candles to burn for light, and fire. That's some bloody achievement. The fact the paintings look like they were done by Leonardo Da Vinchi only adds to the magnitude of it.

[@bigdinner9712]

What’s it called?

[@stephensomersify]

I think NOT - please link information source for us to consider --- old git, UK

[@Turkish_Model__1]

Explanation Real European History : Haplogroup R1b,R1a (Indigenous Europeans)(Basques, Gaels, Poles) Haplogroup I (Neolithic Indo European wave from Anatolia. Megaliths, Polytheism, Pottery, Longhouses, Axes, Sailing ships)(Bosnians,Scandinavians,Sardinians) Haplogroup J2b (Bronze Age Indo European wave. Ancient Mycenean/Minoan Greece. Rome. Writing and Metallurgy) (Modern Cretans) And some lesser sporadic influxes of Haplogroup E (North Africa) and Haplogroup G (Western Caucasus) Proof Every single word associated with agriculture in Europe is of Indo-European origin. Also many of our maritime words as well, such as "sail". Suggesting the Indo-Europeans were avid seafarers.. "Plough" "Sickle" "Wheat" "Bread" "Milk" "Cattle" "Goat" "Sheep" "Lamb" "Wool" "Swine" "Wine" "Olive" "Beer" "Mead" "House" "Floor" "Wall" "Roof" "Hull" "Rudder" "Sail" "Pot" "Axe" And there is no "alternative explanation" either. Theses words come from no other linguistic family but Indo-European... Meaning the first farmers in the Near East 10000 years ago, were speaking Indo-European. And they spread their language from there, most likely by "sailing" ship.

[@johngrattan6343]

I would strongly recommend a visit. The entire area is packed with fascinating archaeology.

[@judewarner1536]

Another wonderful outing. I like the way site maps and photographic images are displayed side-by-side enabling greater understanding of what we are looking at than the photos alone would allow. I still find the narrative delivery distracting. I don't know anywhere in Britain where the tonal changes are typical. I would recommend listening to and following the tonal structure of the speeches of Winston Churchill or the scene in ''Hannibal'' where Anthony Hopkins is delivering the library lecture on Pietro della Vigna as excellent templates. I used the latter to good effect in university presentations. There's a reason why oratory used to be practiced in the Trivium as part of Rhetoric.

[@geniexmay562]

Native of the UK here, I believe it is a west midlands accent ( guess only ) I play at 1.25 speed it makes it more bearable 😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@sergiorodriguezballestero714]

I just wish that all this knowledge cab be spreaded, teached, showed, learned in schools, houses and everywhere!!! We need to start thinking different about us as species, in order to achieve a better world. Thanks Matt... you blown my mind again..!!!

[@CastelliMoni]

Thank you for sharing! Extraordinary!

[@tequila6955]

I remember when you first started and now look! Over 500k subs. So glad you channel took off.

[@Sun-Tzu--]

Absolutely fascinating. Thank you for this video , I love this era of our distant past .

[@dp-kz5cs]

And I absolutely love your channel! So well done and informative I am impressed sir !! A new sub as well but you knew this . ❤👍🏻❤ thank you !!

[@nefersguy]

Thank you Matt. As always, your video was extremely informative. Many of your videos tend to cause reevaluation of what is thought to be commonly acceptable.

[@dandavatsdasa8345]

The general area Mediterranean seems to have been a serious global center for all kinds of human interactions - better or worse. But, there have been many extremely ancient finds worldwide. Thank you for your very serious studies into these findings!

[@GeckoHiker]

The Mediterranean area was a fertile stopping point as humans and other hominims traveled out of Africa. It became the birthplace of civilization and genocidal wars over these resources.

[@dandavatsdasa8345]

@@GeckoHiker Okay, just to note, perhaps it should be said that the area of the Mediterranean is the birthplace of "modern civilization" . The Mediterranean is not the only area to have developed written languages over the past 5000 years. Therefore, the Mediterranean area is entirely the ultimate birthplace of all modern civilization. Even the Egyptians did not have a written language that compares and comes up to par to more modern developments.

[@GeckoHiker]

@dandavatsdasa8345 I think the neolithic era qualifies as modern in the long history of humans. The Egyptian writings kept a civilization alive for many centuries. Our current "modern era" is no more than a blink, and it's still rather primitive. We are always a weather or geological event away from a shutdown. Our middens pollute the ocean, our technology chokes the atmosphere, and our diets also ruin our teeth. Like Egyptian bread.

[@dandavatsdasa8345]

@@GeckoHiker Could certain civilizations have had technologies more advanced than the modern situation? Even if they had more advanced technologies their civilization still fell apart in due course of time. Unchecked Pollution has, by itself, been blamed many times for the potential to even destroy the whole world.

[@douginorlando6260]

Definition wise, when does gathering food become farming? I expect very early on people planted fruit bearing trees and encouraged food plants to grow by various means. People were moving rocks around in rivers/streams to make channels that made catching fish easy. Also adapting the terrain and vegetation in a way that channels game animals. Also I don’t doubt game animals were trapped inside barriers or hobbled to provide a stable food source. I speculate they also did a lot to their environment to promote food growth from plants.

[@AncientArchitects]

The process of Neolithisation took hundreds of years but looks to have began in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (11,650ish) and by the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, grains and animals look pretty domesticated, differentiated from the wild varieties.

[@Fluckor666]

I really appreciate what you are doing man. Pretty awesome work. I do miss the somewhat crazy notions you had when you first started your channel though; that was great entertainment. However, keep doing what you are doing, progress and evolution is always the goal. Thanks, still a fan.

[@jameshudson7053]

really love your videos.. thanks for your research and hard work. Keep up the good work sir!

[@stephensomersify]

Their culture - although cooperative - must have been so different from ours in so many ways! When they did a rebuild every century or so a new, strong, imaginative leader will have emerged THANK YOU - old git, UK

[@poughkeepsieblue]

Interesting how agriculture, architecture and food storage seems to come right after the younger dryas period... but i would bet it was these techniques during that period that helped people survive. We are just able to find more evidence, as it spread later as a valid means of thriving after the event, as more sites would statistically leave more surviving evidence.

[@WilliamAudette]

1.2k View, dropped 25 min ago, 201st like. Keep them coming!

[@AncientArchitects]

Thank you 🙏

[@claudiaxander]

I can see it now, glowing in the darkness : "Hello boys and girls! Have you seen the plastered head?" "It's behind you!!!"

[@patriotUSA2007]

Always incredibly fascinating!

[@billomaticles]

The circular ground dwelllings are vrey similar to the Kiva's of Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico , USA. Excellent research and presentations as per usual, thank you!

[@VikingVigy]

Exellent presentation !!!

[@AndreaGomez-yz7kz]

Gracias amigos desde la patagonia Argentina.

[@simonbrogden9994]

Brilliant as usual!

[@AncientArchitects]

Thank you 🙏

[@penneyburgess5431]

Thank you Matthew.

[@massimosquecco8956]

Great lecture, great topic, excellent explanation, You are doing better and better with interesting videos, and I agree with your suppositions 100%.

[@TrevorHarris77]

From all your research and videos do you have a spreadsheet with all the settlements, tepes, population centers and their respective estimated age ranges?

[@AncientArchitects]

I do actually, yes! I’m working on my website where I will have a section called resources!

[@TrevorHarris77]

@@AncientArchitects That would be great. Thanks. It would put into perspective for me to see how close all of these sites are to the end of the younger dryas (11,600 bce), and how going through the YD event really shifted the human population way of life to settle down, start agriculture, and build megalithic structures.

[@PatchouliPenny]

@@AncientArchitects cool! I'll look forward to seeing that.

[@rogerdudra178]

Looks like it could also be a re-booting spot, too. Interesting.

[@debbralehrman5957]

Thanks your videos are always so informative. As I was looking at the back drop of some of the site pictures, I was thinking how much it looks like areas of AZ. I think they are about the same Geographic parallel. That was pretty awesome.

[@floridaman4073]

Excellent work

[@TamizhArasuDevaraj]

Hi Matt, Please visit India. Keeladi in Tamilnadu state, the new museum will give you more insights about our Old Culture

[@Tomee66666]

Nice work!!

[@donaldgriner3767]

Amazing. Great job. This the period that most interests me. I hope we can learn more about the people of this site

[@aMEWzed]

That was very interesting!

[@sharonholdren7588]

The Cave of Forgotten Dreams video is proof of the advanced intellect of pre-historic civilizations with solid evidence dating to between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago.

[@SCHULTZEH]

It is always fascinating to learn about our history as a race upon this planet..

[@pamelahomeyer748]

Thank you for this video

[@CarlosSilva-td3nn]

Many thanks, excellent!

[@unbreakable7633]

Another good one.

[@napolimichael1]

Love your show. You do a great job of explaining these excavations.

[@ChefVegan]

Loved this.

[@kenneththomas2032]

This is the beginnings after a world wide catastrophe I would love to see civilization found from before the younger dryas. Although difficult, it must be out there, somewhere

[@AloisWeimar]

ok Graham

[@heyhi510]

Well done video. Thank you

[@pinballrobbie]

Its hard to believe that people who could build these had not already discovered pottery.

[@lostpony4885]

This vid has been up 3 hours and i didnt see it yet how am i still alive

[@barnstormandy]

rebirth in my mind

[@robryan9841]

Amazing thank you 👍

[@teacherfinaofficial]

Ancient architecture are far more better than ours today...why people before are not corrupt

[@Morpholaf]

Was also fascinated by the boat-like structure in what seemed to be dig O45 =)

[@davidgreen2379]

There You are, talking about ancient rocks, people, and places while I'm still trying to put a timeline on the green fuzzy stuff in my fridge

[@floridaman4073]

The green fuzzy stuff is 11600 years old. You’re welcome.

[@taybak8446]

Very illuminating video! Also, perhaps structure 075 was a ritual site and not an entertainment arena?

[@pinkblackdesign]

What happened to the sites in Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe, whichz are so closed to the epicenter of the recent earthquake ?

[@bastisonnenkind]

I have real propblems wirth the wording here. "First settlement" ? So much sophistication is a sign for me that it is not the first. Those people already knew how to build and where. So there should be much earlier settlements (possible under water now) we just have not found them yet.

[@ThePonderingPiper]

The change from hunter gatherers to farmers took place tens of thousands of years previously…

[@AncientArchitects]

From studying the seeds and grains (wild/donesticated) and worldwide distribution of crop types through history, this is not the case.

[@ThePonderingPiper]

@@AncientArchitects Well, the “Garden dwellers” in Mesopotamia, between the two rivers, were engaged in this business 37K+ years ago…

[@trader2137]

@@ThePonderingPiper give proofs. there arent any. also we have alot of vidence of hunter gatherer lifestyles even 5000 years ago

[@3secondsago894]

fantastic video

[@SCOTTBULGRIN]

I agree Matt, this time period IS the beginnings of real civilization.

[@moranmike36]

Or a re-settlements? Great video. Thank you.

[@jimmyzbike]

What a great village and civic center

[@parrotraiser6541]

My first reaction to O-75 was that's an ice-hockey arena, but the posts killed that idea,

[@YellowKing1986]

Human cultures around the age of the younger dryas shannanigans are so fascinating.

[@WestOfEarth]

Tbh, this era of history has become more fascinating than Dynastic Egypt.

[@tinkerstrade3553]

At 9:30 the picture on the left, is interesting. Note the "boat shaped" room. The ditch(?) Down the center could be seen as a basic keel brace. Made of mud brick, it seems more a grain storage area in a place designed to look like a boat. I can almost feel a story behind this.

[@dennismacwilliams196]

Amazing how they keep finding these places... With there craze dates...

[@richarde.rednerjr.5142]

ALLOW MATE! G'day! Is it me or does that not look like the remenents of a foundation or ground level floor of a very large /tall multifloor building. Maybe staircase remenents as well

[@janerkenbrack3373]

The question about cultivation and when it developed is interesting. My uninformed thoughts are that people followed animals to grasses that the people found a way to eat. They eventually settled near those grain and pulse fields and harvested them. This could go on without any cultivation for centuries or longer. Perhaps no human effort was needed until the population grew enough to cause them to expand the food supply. Harvesting wild crops for a couple of millennia seems as plausible as anything else that would account for settlement preceding cultivation.

[@henrietteterpstra5213]

Very interesting your hypothesis. I have been excavating in Peru for some years and it wasn’t the Inca that interested me, but the transition from Stone Age to coastal settlers. We know that the groups of hunters were maximum 100 people living and hunting in the mountains. But as the groups duplicated the animals disappeared, so it’s surviving which drove them to the coast. They chanced completely their way of life. In the caves they had a matriarchal system and the family as social cluster didn’t exist. But they changed to patriarchal system with each family in their hut. Also with specific labor duties for men and women, which we inherited to this day. In the cave period women had few children, they had to carry everything, but in the patriarchal system all of a sudden they had many children and they had to feed them too. Therefore they invented agriculture and builded the first pre ceramic ceremonial centers, also circular. Mankind has always been intelligent, creative , hard working and caring for the social group. That’s civilization . Sorry for the long story

[@janerkenbrack3373]

@@henrietteterpstra5213 Thanks, I appreciate the information. I presume the crops came before the agriculture, but people have always been driven by changes in nature to adapt their lifestyles. Failure to do so could result in extinction.

[@henrietteterpstra5213]

@@janerkenbrack3373 you are right, the m as in idea was that the hunters were responsible for the extinction of the megafauna, but sure the climate change has contributed to it as well. The megafauna could not adept but men did. We should be grateful to them

[@janerkenbrack3373]

@@henrietteterpstra5213 Yes.