1889 Herman Hollerith Census Machine by TMC which became IBM

1889 Herman Hollerith Census Machine
The American Government requirement of conducting a Census every ten years leads to the development of Hollerith Census Machine by Tabulating Machine Company (TMC) which later change its name to International Business Machine - IBM.
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[@BrockPlaysFortnite]

If only he could see what we have today

[@machiox7617]

We have come such a long way .

[@Aaron-hh8nx]

I was a year old when this came out

[@kajelvobot2634]

:D

[@saritasapkota5575]

Thanks you so much ❤️❣️❤️

[@sonalisharma4946]

Thank you. 👍👍😊😊

[@muhammadshafeeque9264]

Fantastic mashine 👌👍 zabardast stylish

[@ART000747]

very well explained, thanks for the great video!

[@appalachianwanderer4634]

I have never once been tested by a census taker.

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@oliveakso592]

I love the machine that he made

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@raghunathsahu9021]

He doesn't make the machine, it was made by "Herman Hollerith" a great scientist

[@sanjayshrestha8413]

Wow

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@msalvia395]

It's a manually assisted "computing" method using electric power. So yea, it's a Compute-Rrrr. Financier Charles Flint bought out Hollerith and used this device to found IBM. That's how I ended up here. Tracking down IBM's possible connection to UFO technology. 😁

[@crazyhorsejiu-jitsu3901]

what did you find out ?

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@grahamfox4279]

@@crazyhorsejiu-jitsu3901 ALIENS ARE REAL

[@SteelSkin667]

This is EXTREMELY interesting, why did you have to cut the end? :(

[@t-4_researcher407]

Heyya

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@pinnespiser]

I still dont understand what that box they put the cards in after it had been tabulated was for, can somebody please explain? (have an exam in this)

[@jaymixo607]

this is certainly no longer relevant to you but it's just filing the cards away to store them for another day, has nth to do with the tabulating

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@Neurozumim]

Great document on an important invention.

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[@disciplinenepal5081]

Good

[@hamdifouzai4713]

I dream to go in USA just to visit this museum and see it

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[@machiox7617]

Did your dream accomplish yet?

[@hamdifouzai4713]

@@machiox7617 hello no yet 😊👍

[@Aaron-hh8nx]

Did you go?

[@hamdifouzai4713]

@@Aaron-hh8nx hello No 😆😊

[@TilTul]

You are welcome. A link to the full playlist of interviews is at the top left corner. Enjoy

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[@kielmendoza3154]

Tabulating Machine: The 1880 census had taken eight years to process.[2] Since the U.S. Constitution mandates a census every ten years to apportion both congressional representatives and direct taxes among the states, a combination of larger staff and faster recording systems were required. In the late 1880s Herman Hollerith, inspired by conductors using holes punched in different positions on a railway ticket to record traveler details such as gender and approximate age, invented the recording of data on a machine readable medium. Prior uses of machine readable media had been for lists of instructions (not data) to drive programmed machines such as Jacquard looms. "After some initial trials with paper tape, he settled on punched cards..."[3] Hollerith used punched cards with round holes, 12 rows and 24 columns. His tabulator used electromechanical relays (and solenoids) to increment mechanical counters. A set of spring-loaded wires were suspended over the card reader. The card sat over pools of mercury, pools corresponding to the possible hole positions in the card. When the wires were pressed onto the card, punched holes allowed wires to dip into the mercury pools, making an electrical contact[4][5] that could be used for counting, sorting, and setting off a bell to let the operator know the card had been read. The tabulator had 40 counters, each with a dial divided into 100 divisions, with two indicator hands; one which stepped one unit with each counting pulse, the other which advanced one unit every time the other dial made a complete revolution. This arrangement allowed a count up to 10,000. During a given tabulating run, counters could be assigned a specific hole or, using relay logic, a combination of holes, e.g. to count married females.[6] If the card was to be sorted a compartment lid of the sorting box would open for storage of the card, the choice of compartment depending on the data in the card.[7] Hollerith's method was used for the 1890 census. Clerks used keypunches to punch holes in the cards entering age, state of residence, gender, and other information from the returns. Following the 1890 census The advantages of the technology were immediately apparent for accounting and tracking inventory. Hollerith started his own business as The Hollerith Electric Tabulating System, specializing in punched card data processing equipment.[8] In 1896 he incorporated the Tabulating Machine Company. In that year he introduced the Hollerith Integrating Tabulator, which could add numbers coded on punched cards, not just count the number of holes. Punched cards were still read manually using the pins and mercury pool reader. 1900 saw the Hollerith Automatic Feed Tabulator used in that year's U.S. census. A control panel was incorporated in the 1906 Type 1.[9] In 1911, four corporations, including Hollerith's firm, were amalgamated (via stock acquisition) to form a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). The Powers Accounting Machine Company was formed that same year and, like Hollerith, with machines first developed at the Census Bureau. In 1919 the first Bull tabulator prototype was developed. Tabulators that could print, and with removable control panels, appeared in the 1920s. In 1924 CTR was renamed International Business Machines (IBM). In 1927 Remington Rand acquires the Powers Accounting Machine Company. In 1933 The Tabulating Machine Company was subsumed into IBM. These companies continued to develop faster and more sophisticated tabulators, culminating in tabulators such as the 1949 IBM 407 and the 1952 Remington Rand 409. Tabulating machines continued to be used well after the introduction of commercial electronic computers in the 1950s. Many applications using unit record tabulators were migrated to computers such as the IBM 1401. Two programming languages, FARGO and RPG, were created to aid this migration. Since tabulator control panels were based on the machine cycle, both FARGO and RPG emulated the notion of the machine cycle and training material showed the control panel vs. programming language coding sheet relationships. Operation Main article: Plugboard IBM Type 285[10] tabulators in use at U.S. Social Security Administration circa 1936 Early IBM tabulating machine Powers-Samas accounting machine In its basic form, a tabulating machine would read one card at a time, print portions (fields) of the card on fan-fold paper, possibly rearranged, and add one or more numbers punched on the card to one or more counters, called accumulators. On early models, the accumulator register dials would be read manually after a card run to get totals. Later models could print totals directly. Cards with a particular punch could be treated as master cards causing different behavior. For example, customer master cards could be merged with sorted cards recording individual items purchased. When read by the tabulating machine to create invoices, the billing address and customer number would be printed from the master card, and then individual items purchased and their price would be printed. When the next master card was detected, the total price would be printed from the accumulator and the page ejected to the top of the next page, typically using a carriage control tape. With successive stages or cycles of punched-card processing, fairly complex calculations could be made if one had a sufficient set of equipment. (In modern data processing terms, one can think of each stage as an SQL clause: SELECT (filter columns), then WHERE (filter cards, or "rows"), then maybe a GROUP BY for totals and counts, then a SORT BY; and then perhaps feed those back to another set of SELECT and WHERE cycles again if needed.) A human operator had to retrieve, load, and store the various card decks at each stage. Selected Models and timeline Hollerith's first tabulators were used for the U.S. 1890 Census.[11] The first Tabulating Machine Company (TMC) automatic feed tabulator, operating at 150 cards/minute, was developed in 1906.[12] The first TMC printing tabulator was developed in 1920.[13] TMC Type IV Accounting Machine (later renamed the IBM 301), from the IBM Archives: The 301 (better known as the Type IV) Accounting Machine was the first card-controlled machine to incorporate class selection, automatic subtraction and printing of a net positive or negative balance. Dating to 1928, this machine exemplifies the transition from tabulating to accounting machines. The Type IV could list 100 cards per minute. H.W.Egli - BULL Tabulator model T30, 1931 IBM 401: From the IBM Archives: The 401, introduced in 1933, was an early entry in a long series of IBM alphabetic tabulators and accounting machines. It was developed by a team headed by J. R. Peirce and incorporated significant functions and features invented by A. W. Mills, F. J. Furman and E. J. Rabenda. The 401 added at a speed of 150 cards per minute and listed alphanumerical data at 80 cards per minute. IBM 405 (photo): From the IBM Archives: Introduced in 1934, the 405 Alphabetical Accounting Machine was the basic bookkeeping and accounting machine marketed by IBM for many years. Important features were expanded adding capacity, greater flexibility of counter grouping,[b] direct printing of the entire alphabet, direct subtraction[c] and printing of either debit or credit balance from any counter. Commonly called the 405 "tabulator," this machine remained the flagship of IBM's product line until after World War II. IBM 402 and 403, from 1948, were modernized successors to the 405. Control panel for an IBM 402 Accounting Machine BULL BS-PR tabulating machine The 1952 Bull Gamma 3 could be attached to this tabulator or to a card read/punch.[14] IBM 407 Introduced in 1949, it was later adapted to serve as an input/output peripheral for a number of early electronic calculators and computers. Its printing mechanism was used in the IBM 716 line printer for the IBM 700/7000 series and later with the IBM 1130 through the mid-1970s. The IBM 407 Accounting Machine was withdrawn from marketing in 1976, signaling the end of the unit record era.[15] IBM 421 See also List of IBM products#Tabulators, Accounting machines British Tabulating Machine Company Powers Accounting Machine Company, Powers Accounting Machine Powers-Samas Accounting Machines Ltd aka. "Acc and Tab" Remington Rand Tabulating Machines UNIVAC 1004 80/90 Card Processor

[@alexhan7118]

copy paste...?

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@AmazingArends]

Yes, this machine was an actual full-fledged computer, dating all the way back in 1890! Not only that, but computers have been doubling in power every couple of years going all the way back to this machine! That's right, Moore's Law has existed long before Gordon Moore was born! And computers are expected to continue doubling in power for the forseeable future.

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@zzzdogutube]

I live in Endwell NY the hometown of IBM. There is a Hollerith Ave named after him.

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@ya64]

amazing invention! :D

[@t-4_researcher407]

U still alive?

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@jzpatelut]

Thank for this video...jzpatelut...

[@oliveakso592]

jiten patel 😨😱😨😨😱😫😫🤣🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂😂😋😋

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[@baljepalliganesh7822]

On

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@roachtoasties]

Now we know why the census was taken every ten years. By the time they were done counting, it's time to start over again.

[@sidliteracy3810]

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[@rudeydudey05]

Impressive.

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[@RiverInovations]

SQL :D

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[@TheSanityInspector]

Clever contraption.

[@oliveakso592]

TheSanityInspector

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[@Desmaad]

I read that earlier models used pools of mercury.

[@jaymixo607]

:o

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[@TomMinderson]

Make it play Super Mario or I no pay you!

[@t-4_researcher407]

U alive?

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[@TS-ft9nn]

Genocide architecture

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[@TheBanMan]

Nah that would've been a 1930s model