28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor and ULN2003 Driver Intro

[@bolibardo1514]

This one video is the Bible of Stepper Motor. No other video can explain better. The animation is superb. On any question on Stepper Motor, I shall come back to this video. Thanks.

[@geozaf3679]

Φψ

[@marcbaptista]

Can I say this HAS to be one of the most comprehensive and detailed instruction I've come across. I'm an active animator/filmmaker (65 yrs old!) and I'm getting back into creating my own art projects involving Arduino/steppers. Your clip was absolutely wonderful, and has given me the necessary insight and momentum to get this going. 30 years ago I had a multi-axis stepper-motor driven animation rostrum. It was massive & ludicrously expensive then. Times and the costs have changed the game. I'm excited, and you've given me the fillip to work with steppers again! Thank you. I WILL view your subsequent video on how to drive the motors via Arduino. Thanks again.

[@BStateham]

That's awesome. I'd love to hear about your creations!

[@MarkMichalowski]

Clearly and straightforwardly explained, great visuals, no irritating, pointless background music - excellent work! Thanks Bret! :)

[@garybooting_co_uk5866]

This has to be by far the most comprehensive explanation of stepper motor driving that I have seen. Well presented and a wealth of information, thank you for taking the time to present this tutorial. I wish every tutorial was presented in such a detailed, yet simple, method.

[@Tocsin-Bang]

Having been in education for about 40 years, I have to say that this is one of the best technical KZbin presentations I've ever seen! Superb.

[@haroldadelman1130]

Wow! Thanks, you saved me the trouble of taking it apart! Seriously, I am a novice Arduino user, and I love the professionalism of your videos. I have a lot to learn, and I thank you for being a good hands-on teacher!

[@BStateham]

WELL ITS ABOUT TIME! I finally got around to creating a followup on how to drive these motors with an Arduino. You can check it out here: aka.ms/28byjarduino

[@jfumusic1]

+Bret Stateham Great video! Agreed, stepper motors are cool.

[@jakekoethler7206]

Best. Tutorial. Ever. Seriously, I learned more than from all the other stepper videos combined. Do you have a Patreon?

[@oljobo]

This comment could be pinned 👍😊

[@bertbrecht7540]

This video will be valuable for the next 100 years.

[@structure7]

I bought this cheap little motor/board combo on Amazon and thought, "well, let's see if there's any good documentation out there." I watched this video and fell out of my chair! I know how long it takes to put something like this together. Thank you very much for doing it!

[@fijisalt7327]

Bloody excellent explanation. I had to watch a few times to understand why we have to know the stepper motor mechanism thoroughly. Thank you 🙏

[@rayguyon6563]

Probably the clearest and most comprehensive tutorial I have ever seen. In a word, superb. Thank you.

[@dougdoug2165]

Excellent, amazingly well orchestrated presentation, impeccable graphics, nicely narrated, not the monotonic sleep inducing dialog we are used to. I have seen the light of steppers thank you for your evangelism!!

[@DiySpeaker-Vn]

Các bạn có thể tham khảo sản phẩm tại: www.sendo.vn/dong-co-buoc-giam-toc-28byj48-5v-9375261.html

[@visionstills3700]

Hi Bret, I had to watch this video twice for it to sink in and so glad I did. I'm getting incredible torque from this little stepper (same hardware setup as you show) in full step mode. You have a way of explaining complex subjects that makes it simple to understand. Thank you. My highest KZbin compliment, Subscribed.

[@BStateham]

Glad it helped you out!

[@ChinqMiau1]

The quality of instruction and detail is astonishing. Thank you for making this a sharing this video!

[@GetchaPull]

This was just amazing. Thank you Sir.

[@BStateham]

You bet! Glad you liked it. I need to get time back on the bench to finish up my Raspberry Pi and Arduino vides for how to use them. Hope to get those done soon.

[@TheJuliusCo]

Amazing, most videos just focus on the operation of the Arduino's Sketch and the proper code, but fully understanding a project like this is equally valuable, I'm a physicist trying to get into electronics stuff, and let me tell you've done it pretty good in applying electromagnetic concept. here, thanks.

[@SolCunningham]

Aside from the operating system that I run, this is one of the greatest things MS has done! Thanks Brett.

[@BernhardHofmann]

I was confused as to why it took so many steps to get a rotation on the output shaft when I fiddled about with this from my MSP430. Your video explains it perfectly, thank you.

[@theotherbart]

Possible the best explanation I’ve seen on this topic! Thanks for putting your time in this!

[@edsoncapitani]

Hi Bret, After seeing your video I felt compelled to say: Thank you mate! for such a detailed explanation. Thank you for taking the time to do this. The animations were fantastic help.

[@casnic]

A fantastic tutorial on stepper motors. Very easy to follow due to being explained so well. Thank you.

[@Taha-jj1kr]

Possibly The Best Digestible Informative Explanation about Stepper motors KZbin

[@leonardoaraujocosta]

Excellent video!! Thank you very much. I did the math, it is actually 4076 steps for a full rotation of the motor shaft in half step mode, not 4096 as mentioned. I rounded from 4075.77284.

[@grumich4084]

That was EASILY one of the best tutorials I've ever seen on KZbin; I now feel like a "Stepper motor EXPERT!" Now, while you didn't cover programming the servo, for me, at least, that's straight-forward, but it's nice to know how code can make use of such servos. Thank you for a truly great job!

[@BStateham]

Thanks for the nice words @Grumich. If you are looking for a programming tutorial on the Arduino, check out aka.ms/28byjArduino

[@murrygans1786]

Finally, I think I understand how this little stepper motor works. Very nicely done. I can hardly wait to get home and write some code for the Arduino that I can control.

[@jonathanramirez4183]

This is just what I needed! This is my first build and I can't tell how helpful this video was.

[@NiceAussie]

Excellent and very clear explanation. About the only thing I can think of that’s missing is what these can typically drive. ie application, torque etc

[@BStateham]

Agree, I honestly haven't used them in a ton of projects (just a couple) so I'm not sure I'm the best person to say. I'd love to hear what others are using them for though!

[@edgwatergirl4220]

OUTSTANDING TOP OF THE LINE SUPREME PRESENTATION!!!

[@NoxuzBlog]

way more info than needed, and its apreciated, thank you a ton

[@50lane50]

This is the type of videos I've been looking for. Very informative and complete description of stepper motors. Great video Keep them coming !!!

[@AlanMedina314]

I love you Bret, This video is really helpful for my assembly class. We are working on basic stepper control using 8051. And this video really helps to get a deeper intuition of motor operation. This video Rocks.

[@johnblack9038]

I've never actually enjoyed death by powerpoint before. That was informative, and well presented. Thank you so much.

[@BStateham]

Yep. It's all PowerPoint! :-)

[@johnblack9038]

And I guess that wouldn't be an example of death by powerpoint because it wasn't boring.

[@papabone61]

Thanks for the video mate. I am new to this lark and just starting out playing with Arduino for astronomy projects. Now I know about the stepper, next stop for me the dreaded coding. Never too old to learn :) ( 54 by the way )

[@351yt]

Great intro to stepper motors. Thank you for providing this.

[@ErikBongers]

I second what many others have said already: this was an extremely well prepared and presented presentation. Thank you.

[@yongminkim3187]

I finally got to understand the step motor after watching this video. Thank you.

[@tracywallace9588]

Outstanding presentation. I have been programming for over two decades and am finally starting to get into physical computing. This was perfect. I have motors spinning! Thanks.

[@earlevans3851]

One of the best tutorial videos I've seen. I'm digging out my 28BYJ-48 motors and ULN2003 boards right now to try some of this. Thanks so much. By the way, based on your gear calculations of 63.65 turns of the inner rotor for one turn of the motor shaft, I figured that 10,184 full steps (32 per inner rotation) will get you exactly 5 turns of the outer shaft. Does that sound right?

[@franscoisjordaan3292]

Thanks a lot. This is definitely the best explanation I have ever seen on KZbin for anything. Now I have a full understanding on how and why I program the code in my Arduino to drive the steppers. Cheers!

[@rhysun]

A beautifully crafted tutorial, thank you. Bookmarked for future reference!

[@madmanscam]

Is this a tutorial or what ???? OMG just fantastic...am a mech engineer....turned photographer who lost touch of technology a while back and am back on it with the Intel Edison which I won at the IOT.....now this video put into place so many doubts i had....thanks so much... you are Awesome bret!!!! Subscribing to you channel now :)

[@chance1986]

Excellent description of the various drive methods. Well explained, articulate, with easy to understand graphics. I learned a lot. Thank you so much. (subscribed)

[@codeclubburtonsaturday6268]

Thanks for taking the time to share this awesome detailed vid. I picked up 5 of these off ebay for the kids at code club to play with (me first though of course haha). I'll check out your arduino vid too as that's what I'll be hooking these up to.

[@BStateham]

Awesome!

[@malcolmhodgson7540]

Such a clear explanation. Thank you for this. I now understand the half step mode which explains why my original program drove the thing at twice the rate (wave) I was expecting from the spec. A quick tweak of the code and all is now perfect. Great job great video.

[@BStateham]

Just saw another awesome video about all kinds of steppers motors. Check out Norbert Heinz's "Working principles of several stepper motors (bipolar, unipolar, reluctance and can-stack)" video here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/h5Sbq5apqZeVorc . The 28BYJ-48 is a "Can-Stack" motor as Norbert explains. You can learn more at the end of his video about 33mins in: kzbin.info/www/bejne/h5Sbq5apqZeVorc?t=33m13s . His video explains how a bipolar can-stack motor works, but the 28BYJ-48 is wired as a unipolar motor with the center tap coming out of each coil. Watch his full video though and he explains both bi-polar and unipolar motors and it should make sense.

[@andrespefia7379]

Bret Stateham and how we Can use 12v in uln2003 with 12v stepper motor???

[@davidmiller5832]

The Best Explanation of Stepper Motors And Controllers that I've come across yet. Saved to Playlist/Subscribed/Notifications On.

[@mikeeangel1]

Just awesome the way you explain such a complex thing. Before seeing your video i didn't knew pretty much about step motors. thanks a lot buddy! Greetings from Mexico!

[@adamskee01]

Outstanding video!! You are very talented at explaining things in a clear, common sense approach. Great Job!!

[@reeseyme9613]

very detail tutorial on the motor, i will say the best in youtube. excellent work. please keep making such tutorial on peripherals for microcontrollers.

[@mrnelgin]

Nice video which helps me understand some of concepts behind the programming on the stepper motor. Thanks for sharing.

[@janverhoeff8688]

It did help me unerdtanding / starting with stepper motor Very much thanks from the Netherlands

[@rknaik76]

Very informative video. The gear ratio part was also explained nicely, I got that motor now, waiting for the female-male pins to arrive.. Thanks a lot.

[@senthilkumarm9248]

This is awesome video with clear animations and explanations. Hats off Bret. :)

[@crocellian2972]

I know this topic from working stack shot macro photo gear. You are a master teacher. Thank you.

[@edwardshaughnessy1107]

Excellent video...had to watch it a few times to fully appreciate the subtly of it all.

[@abhijeet6720]

FYI, the Graham Wideman's "Motors- 28BYJ-48 Stepper motor notes" link does not exist anymore, you can find the pdf version of that notes from this link www.kollino.de/download/motors_28byj-48_stepper_motor_notes_-_grahamwideman/

[@BStateham]

Thanks so much for sharing that @Abhijeet.

[@mateusz4r]

This is the best and complex stepper motor tutorial i've ever seen. Good job, Bret! :)

[@stevedayyne]

Thanks Bret, a really well presented demo, with great graphics!

[@saharazen]

Excellent, thorough, no wasted time, and very helpful. Thanks!

[@ghal6993]

Hi Bret, I'm using a 28byj-48 motor in a clock function but it is running a little slow, is there a way to adjust the speed?

[@michaelcullis5071]

Great video, I now understand steppers a lot more.

[@gopalrao4548]

Excellent explanation of stepper motor... and driver...

[@lindaxin5034]

amazing tutorials. seriously you have saved my life. instructions are SO clear and diagrams are REALLY helpful. THANKYOU!!

[@naga540]

Great video man, I'm building an xy-ploter table and your video was really informative about the how this motors work!

[@RobertKarreman]

Excellent tutorial and intro to steppers! Really looking forward to more videos - particularly with Arduino. The dream is to build a small robot with a few of these motors and drivers :)

[@waltsteinchen]

Absolute phantastic detailed video!

[@musahodzic9732]

Hello sir, I don't use Arduino or any coding or software, but I have the same motor in 12V inside my star-light light source that spins the wheel for the twinkle effect, but it is too fast. Even on the lowest speed, it is a bit too fast for my liking. Is there an easy way to modify this by adding a resistor, or a rheostat, or a voltage regulator, or a diode, or a potentiometer, etc without causing any damage? And which wire would I add it to, the red one? I would appreciate your advice. I just need to know of a way to make it turn slower please? Which wire and which electronic components would be best to use without causing any damage to the stepper motor please?

[@amtpdb1]

Thanks for the video. I am trying to work with a mm2001 driver board which uses this chip. Your explanation clears some of my issues. Thanks and have a nice day.

[@nailedart4431]

Just what I needed, thank you for a great video, animation and explanation. Totally supporting people like you.

[@KeanM]

Nice graphics & animations

[@epineh]

Lots of effort put into making this video, great job and thank you.

[@peteralexander478]

Best video,and follow up I have yet seen, Nice one Bret.

[@__boudi__]

I'm using this motor in a project and im using an ATmega32 for the microcontroler but i don't have the ULN2003 Driver and i wanted to ask if it is possible to control the motor directly from the microcontroller without the driver.

[@gullit97]

Thanks man! Best tutorial i've seen in a long time! If only all my teachers were this clear!

[@hugoigni]

So, for the "Keyed Motor Shaft" get a full rotation, how many steps it takes, when I'm using half stepping? Sorry for the bad English. Thank's

[@drustan6890]

Hi, i was wondering if the same code can be applied to the 4 pins NEMA 17 with an A4988driver?????

[@juanshimmin8430]

Hi there Bret! I would really love to adapt the FullSteppigWithArrays code to work for two of these steppers in unison, could you offer any pointers?

[@huraibyel-huraiby7462]

The go to guide for stepper motors.

[@tonyiannetta]

Very good explanation and demo of internal operations.

[@edyesouza1301]

hello friend wanted you to take me a question as I connect motor 28BYJ-48-5V 4 phases Stepper Motor + Driver Board ULN2003 in this Shield V5.0 ???

[@derekhawley9660]

What a fantastic explanation, thanks Bret. Derek (UK)

[@thomasalexander1563]

Nice visualization of stepper motor... and the explanation make everythings clear.. Thanks..

[@flooh1]

Thanks for the detailled and professional video. Since I am currently working on some arduino project, for which I want to use this Stepper Motor, I cannot wait to learn more in your next videos. I managed to drive the motor directly form the arduino board. Can you tell me what exactly is the benefit of the ULN2003 driver? Hope I can learn how to run the motor in parallel to other actions from your next videos.

[@hashhoomy]

Check min 8:40 in the video.

[@jakekoethler7206]

Really great video. Best stepper tutorial I've seen. Looking forward to the follow-up👍

[@carlossaraiva7968]

A beginner question. Mine is NEMA17 motor (4 wires) and I have that same board. Can I use this board with a 4 wires motor? Any tip?

[@NetWanderer101]

Excellent and very informative video. My students and I benefit a lot from your videos. Thanks a lot.

[@aminebenkirane3006]

Incredible Content, explanation, and graphics, Thank you for the knowledge you transferred to us!

[@Asturiasgk]

Thanks for putting in the time and making this great and informative video.

[@hernandjavines2087]

Wow! This is a great explanation of this little motor. Thanks you.

[@Dancopymus]

Hi friend! To connect the ULN2003 with 12 Volts, it has to be changed the jumper (from right to left)? Thank you

[@BStateham]

Sorry for the delayed response. No, the jumper is literally a switch that stops whatever voltage you supply from getting to the motor. If the jumper is on, the power gets to the motor, if it's off, it doesn't. You could hook the ends of a switch up to those pins instead of using the jumper to create a "motor cut-off" type of switch for an emergency stop button. To supply 12V, simply send 12v in on the same pin where I talk about supplying 5v. The ULN2003 chip on the board actually supports voltages up to 30v (see page 2 on the datasheet: www.superdroidrobots.com/product_info/ULN2003APG.pdf) but anything higher than 12V would likely blow the onboard LEDs on the driver board. Hope that helps.

[@ricardomiranda7737]

How would this work with an A4988 driver and something like a NEMA-17 motor...With the A4988, I've only been able to find how to drive using one phase.

[@Azyro777]

I rarely comment on KZbin, but your video is too great to just got a thumbs up. I enjoyed the presentation and its explanation, it really helps to understand. (..and one of a few tutorials that doesn't lulaby me to sleep :D ). Definitely worth the 200k~ish view :)

[@BStateham]

Thansk!

[@moegasim]

amazing...i actually just went and bought these today because of your video.....great help. thanks

[@Unna1969]

A quick question, I do not have much experience. I was able to drive a unipolar stepper motor I had in stock (rated 12VDC) with the ULN2003, no problem. If I had a 24VDC or higher voltage unipolar motor I could do that comparatively easily with 4 simple bipolar transistors, am I right? No H-bridges required.

[@BStateham]

Correct, you don't need any H-Bridges for this. And the ULN2003 chip is just a seven darlington transistors in a single package so you could certainly just use your own transistor for each phase.

[@rlrsk8r1]

So, could you use a shift register to drive two of these things with 3 pins on the microcontroller? (he asked, eyeing some bits in his parts bin)

[@marcotronic]

best explanation on this system ever. Excellent!

[@SyamaMishra]

Thankyou, this video helped me work out which order to drive the motor as my controler doesn't appear to wire the pins the same as others on the internet.

[@DGIA]

Great video, graphics and animation! good job!

[@MrTreeTiger]

A very detailed and useful explanation - good work!

[@BStateham]

FYI, I was just testing with one of my motors and found that it had a different gear ration (16:1, or really 16.032:1)rather than (64:1). I've tried looking up the numbers on the faces to see if I can find any kind of spec sheet that called out different part numbers and their gear ratios. No luck so far, please share if you find one. However, I did see that Adafruit is selling the 16:1 gear ratio motors on their site (www.adafruit.com/products/858). Everything else is the same, you just need to change the "steps per rotation" math. Gears Ratio Calcs: 9 tooth Rotor Gear meshes with a 32 tooth gear = 3.5555 gear ratio 11 tooth gear ganged to bottom of 32 tooth gear meshes with a 22 tooth gear = 2.0 gear ratio The same 22 tooth gear meshes with a 16 tooth gear = .7273 gear ratio 10 tooth gear ganged on top of 16 tooth gear meshes with the 31 tool motor shaft gear = 3.1 gear ratio Total gear ratio = 3.5555 * 2 * .727273 * 3.1 = 16.0320 Wave Driving / Full Stepping = 32 rotor steps per rotation * 16.032 = 513.024 Steps per rotation Half Stepping = 64 rotor steps per rotation * 16.032 = 1026.048 steps per rotation. I've also noticed that the motor I have tends to slip or hang at higher speeds (lower delays between steps) so I have had to run it pretty slow to keep it accurate a 4ms delay between steps seems pretty reliable.