(36) Pharmacokinetic (Part- 04) = Absorption & Factors Influencing Drug Absorption | ADME

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Pharmacokinetic- “What does BODY 1 do to the DRUG 2” we have simple interchanged the BODY and DRUG to make a definition. And as per the definition, our body responds to any drug by giving ADME effects.
1. A Stands for - Absorption
2. D stands for - Distribution
3. M stands for - Metabolism
4. E stands for- Elimination
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption - (Reference = Howmed Website = pharmacology/factors-affecting-absorption-of-drugs)
(1) Lipid Solubility - Lipid water solubility coefficient is the ratio of dissolution of the drug in lipid as compared to water. Greater the lipid water solubility coefficient more is the lipid solubility of the drug and greater is the absorption. Less the coefficient, less is the lipid solubility and less is the absorption.
(2) Particle Size = Particle may be composed either of a single molecule or more than hundred molecules. Larger is the particle size, slower will be the diffusion and absorption and vice versa.
(3) Ionization - Different drugs are either acidic or basic and are present in ionized or unionized form, which is given by their pKa values. In the body, the ratio of the ionized and unionized forms depend on the pH of the medium. Acidic drugs are unionized in the acidic medium and basic drugs are unionized in the basic medium. Acidic drugs are better absorbed from the acidic compartment.
(4)Dosage Forms = Dosage forms affect the rate and extent of absorption. A drug can be given in the form of tablets, capsules or transdermal packets. Injections may be aqueous or oily. This changes the rate of absorption. Examples include nitroglycerin which when given by sublingual route, disintegrates rapidly but stays for a shorter duration. When it is given orally, it disintegrates slowly and stays for a Surface Arealonger duration. When given by transdermal route, the drug can cover an even longer duration
(5) Formulation = When the drugs are formed, apart from the active form some inert substances are included. These are the diluents, excipients and the binders. Normally they are inert, but if they interact, they can change the bioavailability. Examples include Na+ which can interact to decrease the absorption.
(6) Surface Area = Area of the absorptive surface affects oral as well as other routes. Most of the drugs are given orally because of the large area of absorptive surface, so that greater absorption occurs. Intestinal resection decreases the surface area leading to a decreased absorption. Similarly, when the topically acting drugs are applied on a large surface area, they are better absorbed.
(7) GI Motility = GI mobility must be optimal for absorption of oral drugs. It should be neither increased nor decreased which may affect the rate or extent of absorption.
Different diseases or drugs may alter the mobility. Diarrhea causes rapid peristalsis, decreasing contact time and thus the extent of absorption is affected more. Constipation affects disintegration and dissolution so decreases motility.
Reference = Howmed Website = pharmacology/factors-affecting-absorption-of-drugs/
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Thank u sir

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thanks a lot sir

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My pleasure

[@tomcruise9317]

Sir if a drug is inactive form and on reaching liver it converts into activd form for such drug how to tell bioavailablit

[@pharmacydictionary]

Its based on blood concentration

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Is there a hindi version of it? Please let me know.

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