50 Year Old Quad Cam +1 Chevy 350 Engine Explained! Moser Motor Masterpiece!

[@westonsiegel2883]

I would love nothing more than to see you and this engine as guests on Engine Masters vs a modern LS!

[@iamgriff]

I would be appalled to see that piece of history be demeaned by those motortrend morons.

[@racerd9669]

@@iamgriff The EMC was destroyed when Hot Rod magazine took over.

[@KingJT80]

I thought nelson racing got ahold of some Aaro heads and dynod it? Swore it made north of 700 with a small cam. I do t think an LS could touch it with the same set of rules being that it's 32 valves

[@jeffklonowski6816]

@@KingJT80 theres people making plenty of power na with an ls. Saw a guy with a white c5 vette making 1100 na on 1320

[@KingJT80]

@@jeffklonowski6816 there are but on this type of setup with rules a 4 valve would fly past it with the same cubic inches

[@joshuaatkins5197]

Pure gems right here. Soak this stuff up kids. This Is The Stuff dreams are made of

[@db1988]

What two, absolute gems those guys are You don't find men like this often can explain things in general terms so people like me can understand to many more years passing on the knowledge they have gathered. I could just stand back and watch those gentlemen work for days!!! Amazing!!!!

[@hooligansharkin7219]

So this is still a push rod engine correct? But the overhead cams control valve's correct? And there's 4 valves per cylinder with this setup? Did I miss anything? The engineer is amazing! To think this thing came into fruition in the 70s. Absolutely incredible!

[@GregQuirin]

Correct, this is a pushrod block but no push rods or lifters, the pushrod cam is used the run the distributor and timing gears for the overhead cams. 4 valves per cylinder. Was featured in 1971 Hotrod Magazine. thanks Greg Q

[@Alex-xi8ye]

These guys are awesome! Definitely a masterpiece there.

[@guyparris4871]

I am sooooo happy that I found your channel!

[@GregQuirin]

Stay tuned and I will upload more cool stuff! Thank for for subscribing to my channel! Greg

[@MrMrBigro]

I would love to see more of the v12 block being built from start to finish

[@GregQuirin]

We will be posting information on the big V12 soon. The V12 in the background of this video is the small one.

[@roguewarr4662]

This cam set up is just a history lesson , todays world in engine design for 4 cam engines has surpassed the old engine 350 design . But it's nice to watch the old timers show it .

[@jimmyboe25]

So awesome I could listen to him talk all day

[@xas1622x]

Saw this when I was a teenager I'm 50 now ... Very cool .. There is company trying to do something similar now using Honda heads on a Ford block ...

[@GregQuirin]

That's good to know! thanks for watching our videos.

[@jorgeposadas1192]

From a block of aluminum to a finished product, daaaaaaammmnnnn!!!

[@TurbineResearch]

Thanks for sharing this. What a cool old couple of mates

[@nealelliott1360]

I'm really enjoying the interview from these gentlemen. the wealth of knowledge from these creations are astonishing! I'm sure Richard Holdener on youtube, would love to do a dyno comparison.

[@GregQuirin]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@STB-1]

One and a half thousand subscribers, not for long! What a gem of a channel! 👍

[@GregQuirin]

Thanks! 😃 I'm new to KZbin so I'm accepting all the constructive criticism trying to improve this content for everyone. Cheers!

[@joevald3]

This is the true meaning of engine builders not cookie cutters

[@briankilpatrick6039]

Moser parts 😍 oh and I bought that magazine finally on eBay around 5 years ago after much searching 👍

[@Tommy_Mac]

I remember seeing that Hot Rod magazine as a kid. That is still one badass small block! Can't wait to see & hear it running!

[@steveveness3829]

G'day from West Australia Greg😉 Thanks for that, you actually shocked me🤗😀😁👍👍 Can't wait to see more on this engine, and the gentleman discussing it. Sincerly Steve Veness

[@GregQuirin]

Your welcome!

[@MrZilla500]

My God, these fellas have some talent.

[@MasochistGarage]

Pete does some crazy stuff. He showed me around his shop a few years ago.

[@GregQuirin]

Dylan, I'm glad you had the opportunity to meet Pete and see his shop. I was helping him today with the 32 Ford getting it ready for Grand Nation show next month in Pomona CA

[@MasochistGarage]

@@GregQuirin The last time I bumped into him was at the nationals with his 34 chalet! Can't wait to see the 32.

[@danwiththe8647]

Love these guys, I have so many random little questions for them! I could watch a 2 hour video of these guys just talking about one engine.

[@GregQuirin]

Glad you like them! Please subscribe I will have more cool stuff unloaded soon! Thanks- Greg Q

[@joshuaatkins5197]

Totally agree, subscribed. I would love nothing more than to just sit in the shop and soak up the info man.

[@Flash-FX]

I had a 72 Chevy Vega (140ci) with those "buckets" under the cam. Would love to see that dyno test having the 50 yr old 4V 350 beat out the modern LS

[@mostlypeacefulmisterputin]

I chopped, pushed, and squeezed a 350 4-bolt out of a 1970 C20 into a Chevette back around 1995-96….that was the one “Vette” people had a hard time accepting a loss to!

[@Sean_Coyne]

Great stuff from such an early attempt at a four valve head on a US V8. The earliest 4 valve head I have ever seen was a friend's British1922 Matchless racing motorcycle engine. It was a V twin, with cast iron barrels and heads and exposed valve gear, chain driven. Can't remember the displacement, maybe 750 to 1,000cc. Designed to run on methanol, I think, so about 13: 1 compression ratio. The cooling fins were really small and inadequate.

[@adamtooms8977]

If it was designed for methanol, perhaps then the requitement for cooling fins would be lower generally than an equivalent petrol engine. Methanol has a lower chalorific value than petrol meaning you squirt much more of it in, so the cooling effect is also greatly increased, reducing the requirement for cooling fins. Im not familiar with the bike you mention but it sounds like a bit of a beast

[@MrTheHillfolk]

@@adamtooms8977 they were. My dad flattracked back in the 60s and knew of those a little bit. Quite a nice machine,matchless was a step above the ordinary.

[@Sean_Coyne]

@@adamtooms8977 Yeah, you are probably correct, especially in an English engine. I have seen ice form on carburettors and intakes on hot Aussie days running methanol mixes at car races. Oh and just as an aside, another really early and very successful four valve engine was the 1917 Napier Lion W12 aero engine from WWI. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napier_Lion

[@ernied3123]

Thanks Greg for another great video. Cheers from Australia.

[@GregQuirin]

You are welcome! More cool stuff coming soon.

[@bdjm8595]

These guys are awesome!!!! This would be a great kit to put into production!!!

[@fidellaboy-negron5816]

PLEASE PASS 🙏 YOUR AWESOME KNOWLEDGE TO YOUNG PEOPLE. I DID WITH MY SON, AND HE PASSED IT TO MY GRANDSON.....YOU GUYS ARE AMAZING. THIS IS WHAT AMERICA IS ABOUT IT. GOD BLESS 🙌.

[@hydorah]

What lovely blokes. Overflowing with enthusiasm and keen to share their aweosme work with us. Nice. Thanks to all concerned!

[@GregQuirin]

Our pleasure! I will get some more content soon!

[@minimanadam]

The 32v terminator engine IS THE BEST sounding engine EVER

[@ablejohnson]

Very cool piece of machinery

[@edwardrucker5412]

This is awesome!

[@eightpenny6379]

Amazing! What brilliant guys. Great video

[@willymccoy3427]

I remember reading about the Moser DOHC heads back in the mid '70s and wanting to put a set on a 302 Z-28 Camaro engine.

[@sixplymaple1262]

Stunning motor. Very cool!

[@jefferykaighin7039]

These 2 guys are Amazing...Simply Amazing! Wow!

[@ziggassedup]

Fascinating stuff...I'd love to spend some time wit these guys...I'm diggin' what you're showin' mate...Cheers from OZ.

[@GregQuirin]

Your welcome! More will be posted soon!

[@keithtobin5369]

This is the kind of stuff that I love to see thank you

[@stevenvirdenrasmussen-jone4671]

This story will likely not be believed but is all true. I was a huge race car fan back in the 1960s. I was also a mechanical design student and my focus was engine design. In the mid-60s I designed a DOHC head for a small block Chevy. The result was a 2 valve per cylinder head with the intake ports coming down between the cams, like Lamborgini. It featured 2 spark plugs per cylinder and had the valves out of a 396 Chevy engine. The combusion chamber was a true hemi. It, like the Moser had removable cam towers. I chose Harvey Crane to do the cams and sent him a letter outlining what I was doing. I never heard back from him. Later I heard that he had gotten ahold of a couple of Chrysler Engineers and I strongly suspect that the Moser engine was the result. I personally cut the cam blanks myself, including the rifle bored oilers. Just needed someone to grind them.

[@GregQuirin]

Would love to learn more about what you did as a Mechanical design student. Thank you for this info Greg Q

[@stevenvirdenrasmussen-jone4671]

@@GregQuirinI tinkered with a whole lot of things. I was also involved in a 3.0 liter DOHC 4 valve Boxer watercooled 8 cyclinder project that involved two mechanical engineers from Cal State Sacramento. Learned a whole lot about crank design. What was really cool was that both CSUS and Sac City both had enormous machine shops and foundries. You guys would have been in heaven. I also worked on a constant flow Fuel Injection with slide throttles and a micro-hydraulic metering system.

[@boyfrmnewyork]

I still have that magazine which left an impression on me. I was lucky to get a 4 cam V8 fix in my 1991 C4 ZR-1 courtesy of Lotus...Would still love that Moser conversion for my 71 C3 Stingray still... Thanks for the video!

[@stevewelborn8744]

I love these two guys

[@dirtfootracing8788]

Very Cool

[@The_R-n-I_Guy]

That is so cool. I'd love to see someone do a 4 cam setup like that on a 2nd gen small block Chevy LT1. Since the water pump is driven off the internal cam, there wouldn't be a need for the belt drive so it might make it easier to do. Still would be a massive task. But it would be awesome

[@mostlypeacefulmisterputin]

I’ve built quite a few early 90s LT1s and one of the first things I learned, was to immediately scrap the whole “gear driven” water pump setup (which is possibly the 2nd worst design GM ever allowed out on the roads, besides the nightmare setup of their 1990s DOHC Quad 4), along with one of the worst designed distributors/ignition systems ever….the “Optispark”! You run an electric water pump, and do a “LS” style Coil-on-Plug conversion and then you’re well on your way! We eventually got 578HP (wheels) and a best 1/4 mile of 10.34@126 mph out of a N/A 1994 Z/28 (factory 1LE package)

[@Wbroach24]

@Dobbies Revenge he absolutely said 2nd generation small block LT1 NOT GEN 4 or 5 LT whatever the newest Gen is.

[@fortnoxz71]

CANT WAIT FOR THE LS COMPARISON ON THE DYNO !! Could you imagine if you could get a setup like this from summit racing!!?? This setup on a bbc would be impressive also

[@colinmunro7337]

These guys did it in the 80s with porsche 928 heads

[@michellee8369]

Can u do some vids on the full history of these fellas please they are tops. From Australia

[@GregQuirin]

I'm working on it! I should have some more interesting content soon!

[@fourfortyroadrunner6701]

It is going to be a sad day for everyone and the industry when these guys are gone

[@coupster5464]

LOL.. just went up to the shed and had a look at the original article in my old copy of Hot Rod.. so neat versus what we were playing with back then.. Great vid, Thanks

[@davidgourdie3691]

Colin Lyster (ex Lotus) built small block DOHC v8's here in New Zealand,back in the !980's-90's.At least one of these engines went to Australia.Denco Engineering (NZ) was also involved.

[@ionbusman2086]

Related to the Vette ZR1 LT5 engine?

[@davidgourdie3691]

@@ionbusman2086 No ,He was running on a nothing budget,so would have used a stock block 350.He also did midget donks.At least one 4 cyl lyster was on display at Nelson South Services.We bought the business and the engines disappeared,presumably back in the pot to protect his designs.

[@2nickles647]

I'm hooked from the get go.. I saw the other video of this motor running. I am hooked big time. I love the sound of v8 motors. No wonder I love the sound of v8s...im pretty much addicted. Worse sound I ever heard was a 4 banger with a FART CAN. 😄😄

[@ShopJock]

Should get him in touch with Richard Holdner. He does alot of videos about dyno stuff

[@jakespeed63]

Super Cool despite being a bit late to the party. Old Guys Rule 😎👍 Thanks for sharing

[@ultron6931]

It seems that GM eventually tried some setup like this as the 3.4 V6 DOHC engine setup looks so similar to this as the block is mostly the same pushrod 3.4 block.

[@timothybayliss6680]

Even the Lt6 gen5 engine has a jackshaft that drives the high pressure fuel pump where the camshaft is in the lt1 block.

[@quick455]

​@@timothybayliss6680 Not even remotely the same, that is still a center cam pushrod motor, just has an extra lobe to drive the fuel pump. These heads and cams have more in common with the GM 2.4 quad engine. Same head design and cam carrier design.

[@mpetersen6]

The 3.4 DOHC has the same bore center distance as the SBC and LS. There was an effort by some people to convert the Poncho OHC six to DOHC using two 3.4 heads welded together. Converting a OHV to OHC leaves two choices to drive the cams. 2:1 off of the crank or 1:1 off of an idler shaft in the original cam bore. Which is what the LQ V-6 did. In some ways I like what Chrysler did with the 3.5. One cam which operated the intakes with seperate rockers and a split rocker for the exhausts.

[@andyharman3022]

@@quick455 Are you out of your mind? The new LT6 is a DOHC 4-valve engine. Haven't you been paying attention to the C8 Z06 news releases?

[@quick455]

​@@andyharman3022 Missed the whole 6 there mochacho, had LT5 stuck in my head. But in reality the LT6 is a completely new design engine that doesn't share anything with the previous LS or LT engines, so it's still not a pushrod/OHC converted engine, it's a completely new architecture. It doesn't even share anything with the Blackwing engine

[@cobramike13bravo63]

Man thats a work of art on an engine stand. Would love to see it on dyno.

[@Toaster500XC]

I wonder how these would compare apples to apples with a Dominion four valve head. If any of those are actually out there in the wild, it's been over 20 years since I first heard of them and haven't seen a set

[@fastindy]

Is there any way that Pete could talk about the Pontiac Cosworth SD4? Hardly anybody has ever heard of or knows these engines exist. I know Pete was trying to use the heads for a DOHC V8 at one time.

[@howabouthetruth2157]

This is amazing. Thanks guys! Really looking forward to seeing this engine on a dyno.

[@MiloslavRyndenkov]

Thanks for documenting this, it would be a shame for this awesome information to be lost.

[@zachniverson8816]

Please update the dyno numbers that this engine makes please!!

[@ValladolidArde]

it be nice to see the moser name next to braun as a sign of respect to the original inventor....

[@dougbawden4321]

It's amazing what technology was out there 50+ years ago.. Dusenberg (spelling?) had a double over head cam 4 valve per cylinder engine in the early 20s...

[@neilreid2298]

Had a pic on my bedroom wall in the 70's of the Moser motor. Thought it was a stunning piece of engineering. Am pretty sure a modern LS would run it down but still- a very cool engine and would love to see the dyno comparison!

[@GregQuirin]

Thanks for sharing I recently purchased the HOT ROD MAG from Aug, 1971 with the Moser on the front cover!

[@shawntailor5485]

I remember the article well and was fascinated with a hemi chevy . But a good ol 327 will spin 9750 and push close to 400 horse . For less than 1 side of that kit.

[@roxasparks]

Holy shit you guys ate ingenious!!

[@patofdubois1]

Absolute genius!

[@patstevens2959]

Love this channel!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@Socalhookerkrewfishing626]

2 OG’s

[@snapon666]

I remember that cover !

[@whereswallytowing6334]

There is a big block blown over head cam motor in a boat in Sydney, out of sainty racings top fuel car that I have a few photos of.

[@GregQuirin]

I'm sure Pete would be interested in seeing it. We will be firing up the big 20 liter V12 soon which Pete and Kevin built for a race boat - stay tuned. should have it posted in a couple week or so. thanks - Greg Q

[@kennethhacker1341]

This is great! Thank you sir!!!

[@GregQuirin]

You're very welcome!

[@prestonedmonds4128]

I hope to hear this engine run. Also, on the dyno.

[@gregwilson3173]

i love it ! was wondering what became of the Moser heads! they doing that for a bit of fun 😁👍

[@SB-vb8ch]

Absolutely awesome.

[@TheBasketproductions]

Best video today!

[@ramenbo]

can't wait to see more!

[@GregQuirin]

Its coming soon! stay tuned!

[@rogerfrancis65]

Would be great to see it run and find out the hp numbers, that's a crazy engine!

[@adamscott9725]

GM teamed up with Lotus in the early 90's and made the LT5 DOHC (4 cam 32 valve small block V8) available in the C4 ZR1 it also had a ZF-S6 speed manual transmission which was rare for the time. I believe this was Chevy tossing their hat into the Supercar ring because make no mistake about it today's C8 is a super car and Corvette has been in the super car status since the Z06 now if they would just make it with AWD then I'll buy one.

[@timothymilam732]

Makes one wonder what either the DZ302 are the 327 would turn if those were on top of some with good parts inside and bumped compression up on them. 9800 on a 350 would that not be even greater on those mentioned above. I know my old 327 would turn more rpms than any 350 I ever built, and my buddy has a numbers matching 69 Z that twist up there too after we rebuilt it even using stock parts. Makes old men wonder about such things, and thank you for bringing them out for everyone to sit listening with wild thoughts from our younger days running through our minds.

[@DrewLSsix]

The DZ 302 and 327 are nothing special. Shorter stroke means they can rev higher before reaching a terminal piston speed. You can de stroke any old sbc and have about the same foundation. He'll, you can slap together a junkyard 302 sized chevy suing the crank and rods from the L99 4.3L. The stroke already allows those things to live happily at 7k using pedestrian internals. They would have been an interesting entry level V8 option for the 4th gen F body. Especially since your basic choices early on were a 160hp V6 then a 270hp V8. The L99 had 200hp even and would have made for a fun car imo. If they still did multiple displacements they could have done a 4.3L L99 a 5.0L using that stroke in a 350 bore block, then the LT1 5.7 I bet the 5.0 would have been distressing close to the 5.7 in power though.

[@jimallen9859]

@@DrewLSsix Except the DZ blocks, (there was another prefix for the 302 exclusive to Z/28) had added webbing to strengthen the block. A 350 crank wouldn't turn in these blocks, but the large journal 327 crank will spin. The original LT-1 (370hp 350) used the same parts as the Z/28 (290hp 302) the 350 blocks didn't have the added webbing the 302 block's do. The 302 was built with Trans-Am racing in mind. As were the angle plug heads, and cam's, the 2X4 cross ram intake some other part's not standard production. Sold over the counter at Chevy dealers as "Service Package" "Not For Highway Use." Having had a 1970 LT-1 engine with service package angle plug head's, and the hotter of the two cams, (part number ending 754) Z/28-LT-1 hi-rise intake, an original Holley 780 cfm carb off my dad's '69 Z/28 unfortunately never could get it working right, so changed to a 750 double-pump. A Delco dual point distributor, and aftermarket roller rockers a necessity with cam's at, and above .500 lift in a small block Chevy) In the old day's a 283 punched .125 was called a 301. 4" bore, 3" stroke is 301.84 if I recall. Being more than 301.50 GM called it 302 rounding up the number. Same with 350 at 348. something something. Just short of 349. The old two bolt small crank engines would generally tolerate .125 overbore. Big blocks as well up to .150 over. Later post 1975 engines are thin wall castings, and won't tolerate more than .060 over bore. The other thing that made the Z/28-LT-1 engines a little special is that Smokey Yunick was in on the design of the intake manifolds, the cross-ram manifold in particular. To date this is best small block intake ever designed. The same is true for the MkIV big block engines L-88 427- LS-6 454. LS-7 (shared part's with L-88) never saw production, only just enough L-88 were produced to qualify for racing requirements. Initially L-88 had no factory hp rating. Hot Rod magazine had one dyno'd, came in with 568 hp. 1968 or ,69 I think. Insurance companies had apoplexy over the no hp rating, and this was settled at 450hp. Slightly conservative, like the 290hp rating on the 302, 1967-1969. Chevy played with horsepower ratings too 1965 L-78 396 375hp in cars, 425hp in Corvette. The latter number being more accurate. 1970-1/2 Camaro Z/28 LT-1 350 360hp. 370hp in Corvette.

[@km6832]

Horse power potential with 4 valve heads is incredible. That is why the new z06 is such a marvel. I maintain a 4 valve head ls based engine/ ls architechture will be the perfect engine

[@jeanlawson9133]

Thanks 😎 Gentlemen

[@taylorsutherland9447]

Just looking at their shop....you can tell these guys know what they are doing.

[@68dart]

Awesome , Interesting Story Thanks

[@GregQuirin]

Glad you enjoyed it

[@tat2joeelliott]

That thing is bad ass

[@GregQuirin]

Thank you !

[@patstevens2959]

Brilliance!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@billp6191]

Looks very big and complicated.I am involved with dirt late model racing and the engines we run have one cam and two valves per cylinder.These engines make 700 to over 1000. HP with a carburetor all day long and are relatively durable

[@rocketsalad]

Cool

[@mikedyson7330]

It would be great to have a shop tour. ( what do you think ) .

[@GregQuirin]

Perhaps there might be an opportunity some day. Your always welcome to come hang out with the team at El Mirage and Bonneville.

[@KaoticFdr1]

How would these compare valvetrain-wise to the Mercury Racing QCV big blocks?

[@zAvAvAz]

This is awesome i am need a tall deck block with quad or triple valve per cylinder dual overhead cams and dual intake runners per cylinder together with a 'layed over the valve cover' long ram individual runner intake manifolds with mechanical smart carbs meant for dirt bikes of great altiitude variance, the bore stroke ratio shall be 1.075:1 and the rod ratio for Natrually aspirated shall be 2:1 and the rod ratio for boosted shall be 1.8:1 that is all. This is a daily driven street engine endurance and fuel mileage with power on tap when high throttled and a miser when foot is off the fuel pedal This is how you build a proper daily driver responsibly

[@willgreen3665]

Man I want to put this thing in my squarebody

[@kevinb158]

This reminded of a bad to bone Oldsmobile 4 cam it never made it to market if I remember right it was a 455 4 cam this 350 is nice the overall look killer would mind if it was under my hood of my car

[@RobertBrown-oe2vi]

I still have my copy of the August, 1971 issue of HRM only because Rod & Custom magazine had been combined in June or July of 1971 with HRM. At the time I had a subscription to R&C and was sorry to see R&C compromised the way it was with the two magazines being merged together. I always enjoyed the R&C articles written by Bud Bryan, Doane Spencer, John Thawley, Jim Jacobs, Tom Medley, and Tex Smith as well as Pat Broiler's photography.

[@yxng_metro]

How come these two legends aren't well known?

[@GregQuirin]

We are working on it. Pete is known in the Land Speed Racing Community. Kevin is also Boat guy who does a lot with Hydroplanes. They are both focusing on doing their work and I'm hanging out helping them document the cool work they do and getting this out to everyone.

[@rocketsalad]

@@GregQuirin My man, thank you for preserving history 🫡

[@The-Average-Guy.]

this would be a video matchup with Richard Holdener for another video for the Other guys series

[@southern_merican]

When N.A.S.A. has questions they just call this guy !

[@RandomGuyDan]

I want to hear one of these running out to 9k RPMs. It has to be glorious.

[@fabricationnation8052]

9800 RPMs is making her sing

[@Cobra427Veight]

Cool stuff , might pay to Hard anodised those cam gears .

[@MrCalorchard]

J. C. Agajanian had a Studebaker V8 built similar to that and 1953.

[@Mercmad]

And around that time,someone built a Hemi OHC!!

[@matthewsmith1941]

Come on Hot Rod magazine. Heres your chance to nail something worth reading about. Don't let someone else beat you to it.

[@GregQuirin]

Pete and Kevin were featured in Hot Rod several years ago. I agree its time to do another feature. Thanks for Watching I appreciate all the support!

[@DaveMcLain]

This is interesting and looks like a lot of fun work to get put together. I wonder about the cylinder head design; if they went through all the trouble to make a 4V head why did they give it such a low intake port entrance? Were they trying to meet some sort of packaging requirements?

[@adamscoggins5840]

Reminds me of the shilling engine

[@franzkoviakalak6981]

Hey Hot Rod, I'm in for what Pete's talking about at 3:22

[@kmcwhq]

Wow, very nice work guys! Thanks for another video Greg. What ever happened to the engine that was on the cover of the magazine?

[@GregQuirin]

Good question! I'm not sure, Pete has some of the original Moser castings which are painted blue the same color as soon on the 1971 HotRod magazine