5G Massive MIMO Made Simple : Learn All About Massive MIMO & Beam-Forming In 30 minutes!

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5G Massive MIMO Made Simple : Learn All About Massive MIMO & Beam-Forming In 30 minutes!
5G Massive MIMO is one of the most sought after topic and it is also one of the most complex and confusing topic as well. However, in this 30 minute session, Massive MIMO is demystified and anyone who goes through this session should be able to understand this topic clearly!
In this session, we have tried to simplify Massive MIMO by breaking it down into various parts. It explains the definition of Massive MIMO along with its applications. All the related topics like Beam-Forming, CSI Feedback, PMI and Multi-User MIMO are comprehensively covered.
Reference: 3GPP 38214
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5G Call Flows & Signaling (Session 1): How a 5G UE performs Initial Access
• 5G Call Flows (Session...
5G Call Flows (Session 2): 5G Intra-gNB & Inter-gNB Mobility Overview
• 5G Call Flows (Session...
LTE KPI Optimization (Session 1): ERAB Setup Success Rate
• LTE KPI Optimization (...
LTE KPI Optimization (Session 2): RRC Success Rate
• LTE KPI Optimization (...
LTE KPI Optimization (Session 3): LTE ERAB Drop Rate
• LTE KPI Optimization (...
0:00 Introduction
1:10 What is Massive MIMO?
5:59 Beam-Forming Mechanism
8:18 Beam-Forming Gains
11:37 CSI Feedback
14:08 How To Choose The Beam
16:46 So How Does It All Work?
20:35 Multi-User MIMO

[@OurTechPlanet]

For 5G topics discussed in 5G Job Interviews, check out the complete playlist below :) 🌐5G Interview Topics 💡kzbin.info/aero/PL4OXTttOk9WiLsz4fR62lpPcT3Wx3l5OP

[@eldadprodahouda2584]

I like how you have simplified a complex topic. I spent one month trying to understand how beamforming works but with your explanation, I did understand in less than 1hour. Thank you very much.

[@OurTechPlanet]

You Sir, just made my day. Thanks for the comment :)

[@marcosmas28]

Great explanation Ali! Very easy to understand the basic concepts behind this advance technique. Thanks for sharing!!

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks Marcos! Glad to hear that the session was able to simplify this advanced concept!

[@fatimakhalid7446]

One of the best explanations of Massive MIMO out there. Waiting for the next session!

[@OurTechPlanet]

Glad you liked it! Stay Tuned!

[@sohamlakhote9822]

What a superb video on Massive MIMO!!! Excellent job and thanks a lot for sharing this knowledge with us :-)

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks Soham! :)

[@ashishjain5470]

Amazing video, can not wait for second video of Massive MIMO. Love love.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks. Coming soon!

[@ittraininggurus5442]

Excellent upload on Massive MIMO, really helpful. Thanks for posting this :)

[@OurTechPlanet]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@sabihnofal3770]

I like how you have simplified a complex topic. Keep up the good work.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks!

[@SAM40230]

Really simple but very comprehensive presentation, thank you for all your efforts and help.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thank you so much. This is what I strive for, to simplify complicated topics for everyone :)

[@Ashuashuooo6]

Now am your big fan , what an explanation with visuals ,complex topics in simple and clear manner. thanks for your work.

[@OurTechPlanet]

That is great to hear! Thanks. Do help us spread the word around :)

[@pragathikommajosyula7943]

Awesome video on MIMO and Beamforming. It was very easy to comprehend. Thankyou for this wonderful video.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks Pragathi :)

[@rakeshmittal3909]

Great explanation, now Massive MIMO comes more closer to my head :) thank you very much !!

[@OurTechPlanet]

This is great to hear because this is exactly what we strive to do - simplify complex topics :)

[@sweetsreya]

Very informative ..I worked on these topics..found your video very accurate and at the same explained all the concepts clearly.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Great to hear that :)

[@lizethgonzalez2133]

Love this video! Very nice explanation, thank you very much for doing this.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Glad it was helpful!

[@pratiksarkar6361]

One of the best videos on MIMO. Very nicely explained..

[@OurTechPlanet]

So happy to get such good feedback :)

[@tonycross1857]

Thank you and great explanation! This topic is beautiful.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Good to hear that! You are welcome! :)

[@Jun_Sp02]

This was very Positive. Thank you!

[@OurTechPlanet]

Great to hear, thanks mate.

[@michaelwilliam7816]

Very clear explanations. Great ! Thank you for it.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks! :)

[@kmac1155]

The narrator explained the basic concepts in a way that that I was able to understand everything he said. The drawings help too. I then watched a few of his other wireless videos. All good.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Great to hear this :)

[@albert102]

REALLY awesome training brother... its more easily understandable ...thanks

[@OurTechPlanet]

That is so nice to hear :)

[@zelihaturan9025]

Best video on MIMO & mMIMO. Thank you!

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks :)

[@syedmohtada]

Excellent way of explanation 😊 . Thank you!

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are most welcome! :)

[@berkinsevim5539]

Great explanation Ali ! You again provide us to understand of one of the most complex topics.Could you add your explanations with snapshots from TEMS or ACTIX (or other tools) to teach all users where they can find those parameters and what each one means? Thanks a lot for all your work

[@OurTechPlanet]

Noted :)

[@farahsiraj333]

Thanks for sharing a great explanatory video!, waiting for next video on the topic

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome. Stay Tuned! :)

[@pradeepkumarsingh4685]

It is best video on MIMO, explained in very easy way... Great work

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks, Pradeep :)

[@danserbescu1363]

Ali, great video. Please cover another video to explain csi-rs ports, codebook configuration and its implication on number of beams, types of beams (SSB based, PMI based or SRS based), beam refinement, mobility between beams on same cell, what is TCI and how are beams changed based on TCI etc And more likely don't use general pictures, Make snapshots from TEMS or ACTIX or other tools to teach all users where they can find those parameters and what each one means.Thanks a lot for all your work, great video you will grab lot of traffic

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks for your feedback. Will try to address these topics in the future sessions!

[@saikirantelker9995]

Very efficiently made. Thanks for this.

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome!

[@Dev_Mitra]

Fantastic.... Fantastic... Fantastic...

[@OurTechPlanet]

Great to see such a Fantastic response :)

[@ankitgoud8597]

Amazing boss 👍 nice example. Waiting for next session

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks! Stay Tuned! :)

[@mulugetafikadu3464]

Great explanation and alleviates some mis understandings in Massive MIMO. Great work work ! indeed.

[@OurTechPlanet]

So nice of you. Thanks. Glad that you liked it! Do help us to spread the word!

[@kakhaval]

The antenna directivity is controlled by two modules; precoder and beam forming. You mentioned PMI is used to decide beam for a given UE. That is ok at precoder module level but how then the UE beam is further enhanced at beamforming module.

[@miboxevimiz3859]

Very very good explanations. Many thanks!

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome and Great to hear that :)

[@sukumarane2302]

Very nice ;simple explanation ,easy to follow .Thanks sir 👍👍

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome!

[@krishnakumarsv5456]

Thanks you.. explanation too good . easy to understand. keep posting more videos

[@OurTechPlanet]

Great to hear this. Thanks!

[@rameshkumarsingh9402]

you have always been a best mentor Ali..thanks Bro

[@OurTechPlanet]

You made my day 🙂 Thanks

[@oluwafemiawodele3145]

Great Job Ali. Very explicit

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks :)

[@kienanhoang5009]

very clear pro... thanks alot!

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome!

[@mohdirshadietk]

Excellent & Simple presentation for everyone to understand.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks Irshad :)

[@go4expert888]

One of the best videos on MIMO. Very nicely explained !! . just a little confusion, with multi user mimo and beamforming why we can use same RBs - same frequency domain- within different uEs when we use different beams index .. why we can use same RBs for different uEs? I mean at basestation - gNB , lets say there's 100Mhz bandwidth so 273 rbs , lets assume same 100rbs allocated for uE1 in certain beam and the same 100rbs allocated to uE2 in another beam , but at the end the cell has the same 100 rbs so doesn't matter the beam index , if we use same rbs within different uEs there will be interferences and overwritten data since different uEs uses same rbs ..but from cell view those are same rbs doesn't matter which beam index is .. can you please clarify more why when we use different beam indexes then we can transmit same amount of rbs for paired uEs in different beams? .. if beam index is affecting so I can say in massive mimo and beamforming at each beam index .. I have for each beam all the bandwidth?! Im confused on that point how the cell bandwidth for each beam is shared like each beam has full cell bandwidth? thanks for your clarification.

[@OurTechPlanet]

You can say like each beam can use the full bandwidth but to reduce interference between UEs, only a limited number of UEs can be paired and that pairing can only happen for UEs that are separated in space (so that they have beam separation as well).

[@jacquelinetantapua3086]

Thanks for this wonderful and clear video explanations on Massive MIMO

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks

[@suman2110]

Simplified complex topic and very well explained, thanks for sharing your knowledge.

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome :)

[@mehdihosseini6467]

Thanks, it was very helpful with the simple explanation

[@OurTechPlanet]

Glad it was helpful!

[@mohamedallam4868]

Great brother Ali Simple & nice explanation Thanks

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome! :)

[@mohammadraheel1373]

Good one nice explanation 👍 waiting for 2nd vidoe for more deep understanding

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks! Coming Soon! :)

[@nadeemparkar8499]

Thanks bro for the video.You make concept clear easily. Will wait for your video on coreset.

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome :)

[@tejukotti1277]

Great video! Thanks for the information. I have a question on the PMI. The explanation of i1 and i2 is very clear. In type 2 codebooks, I see amplitude factor also comes into play and beam groups are selected instead of single beam. Can you please give a brief about it.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Yeah Type-2 is a different ball game. I will create a session soon to cover that as well!

[@Ysharma117]

Awesome explanation... I love it.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks a lot! The feedback is very important and I really appreciate it!

[@xiaofengcheng6692]

Thank you, very interesting.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks!

[@shoaibakram4399]

thank you for this amazing video.

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome!

[@RamRahimYesu]

Thank you very much for such an informative video. I have a question related to 'How to choose the beam' section. In this video, CSI feedback from the UE is used to tell the gNB about the best beam. However, during initial access isn't SSB used for beam sweeping purpose and select the best beam in terms of coverage? CSI feedback will come only after the initial access is successful and DL data scheduling is to be done by gNB. The beam related precoding will then be fine-tuned based on CSI feedback right ? Please correct me if I am wrong.

[@OurTechPlanet]

During initial access, the SSB beam is used. And after that, the CSI based beams are used for all traffic relation transfers. This session is focused on traffic or data beam forming. For SSB beam forming, kindly take a look at this session kzbin.info/www/bejne/g3KthH98l9WarJo

[@luannaabreu731]

Hello Sir, Definition of the concept of ERB coverage area (gNodeB) when using narrow beam pointing generated by MIMO antenna in beamforming (BF) mode: Pointing a narrow beam covers, at maximum gain (up to 3 dB below), a relatively small area around the UE reference point (or UE cluster). How, therefore, is the concept of the coverage area of an ERB, and its correlate, the percentage of coverage area (a statistical parameter that considers the effect of log-normal multipath shading and weights its effects in an area around the ERB)? When considering the multi-user MIMO mode, with multiple narrow beams... The coverage area of an ERB would be defined considering all the beams pointed at different points in the surrounding area, or for each beam, is an area or sub-area of coverage defined? In the previous question, the starting point of view was what happens in the vertical plane that contains the ERB and UE antennas. There is also a concern with what happens in the signal distribution in the horizontal plane. In previous generations, a fundamental related concept is the division of the coverage area by sectors, something that was directly related to the beamwidth of the ERB antennas. For example, using 120º beam antennas, 3 antennas covered the 360º that would characterize the entire area. With multiple beams, one can imagine maintaining this concept and expanding the number of sectors. For example, with widths of 10 degrees per beam, horizontally, 36 would be needed to cover the entire area. From the above, I ask: the concept of the coverage sector remains in 5G, adapted to the multiple beams of the antennas MIMO? Given the considerable (apparently) change in planning: do the concepts of coverage area and percentage of coverage area remain essential for planning? What other related concepts came to be used? On 4G, are they already used? Given the complexity of using and coordinating multiple beams: in which scenarios and application conditions, will the MIMO strategy with multiple beams be used? The macro scenario is extreme broadband, communication ultra-reliable, or massive communication for multiple users? Is the environment outdoors, indoors, or both? Is the band sub-6 GHz or millimeter wave? Still on the previous question, in the scenarios foreseen for using MIMO with multiple beams, another question arises. In which of these beamforming scenarios will be “fixed” and in which will it be adaptive (following cluster of users, with or without the interposition of nulls of the radiation pattern in the directions of other groups considered interference for that cluster)? Finally, considering all the different aspects of previous generations brought by the multi-user (multibeam) MIMO approach of 5G discussed here…. How has the link budget analysis been (or needs to be) adapted to address these aspects? Best Regards!

[@OurTechPlanet]

A simple way is to just add a beam forming gain in the link budget for data calculations

[@coolmunzir]

Great Explanation !!!

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks!

[@Trek_RC_PlusPlus]

So clear with you!

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks

[@giacomocroce5905]

Beautiful! Thanks

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome :)

[@Zain15a]

Excellent!! Very well explained

[@OurTechPlanet]

Glad to help. Do spread the word :)

[@AIdreamer_AIdreamer]

This video is perfectttt, thank you very muchhh

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are most welcome

[@AIdreamer_AIdreamer]

@@OurTechPlanet I think every hungry person to MIMO should subscribe here

[@Devilxgaming64]

Thx a lot for this Video

[@OurTechPlanet]

You're welcome buddy.

[@avinashmvenugopalan5772]

Lot of new inputs appreciate your effort

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks :)

[@TheAnmlra]

Really Great!!!

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks

[@sandeshkumar6546]

Very informative, thanks for sharing!!! pls let us know difference between 4G Massive MIMO and 5G massive MIMO

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks! Will create something on that topic soon!

[@pramodkvr]

Thanks for the detailed Presentation.

[@OurTechPlanet]

You are welcome mate.

[@protocolsy2166]

Wow ..what a explanation....it's easy to understand...easy language...

[@OurTechPlanet]

That is great to hear as that is what we strive to do :)

[@Musahid90]

Thank u for sharing this.

[@OurTechPlanet]

My pleasure

[@aaronshi1]

Thanks for your nice presentation making massive MIMO so easy to understand. I never heard CSI-IM though (only CSI-RS). Would google it. By the way, expecting to your next session you mentioned. I can't find it. Have you posted it? Thanks!

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks. Next session is still a work in progress :)

[@azamatkenzhetaiuly3093]

Hi Ali, Thanks for video! I have on question about mimo: I don't fully understand how MIMO improves capacity, because in my current understanding capacity is how much PRB we have. But I understand that MIMO improves spectral efficiency(since we can transmit more bits), but it doesn't add PRBs for us, so how can it improve capacity?

[@OurTechPlanet]

In simple words, with 1x1 system (SISO), if we have 100 PRBs, then the system can send data on those 100 PRBs. However , if we have 2x2 system (MIMO) then the system can send data-1 on first Tx path using 100 PRBs and it can send data-2 on the second Tx using 100 PRBs again. So, it doubles the capacity. The implementation is not as simple as the multiplexing is done on both tx paths but simply put that is how it increases capacity.

[@mudassirshah3090]

amazing explanation and very clear accent. love from Pakistan

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks a lot :)

[@danielestrada5970]

Great explanation!!! Now I have one doubt about i11 and i12. I read that PMI carries Precoding components that help to maximize the orthogonality of the signals that arrives at each receiver antenna port. So, what's the relation between i11, i12 and the Precoding components?

[@OurTechPlanet]

i11 and i12 are part of those components that you are referring to :)

[@moorthyselva]

Complicated topic explained in very simple manner. Thanks

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks Moorthy, this is what we strive for - to demystify the complication topics :)

[@stefanohms5482]

Thanks a lot, very good explanation and brilliant english, 👍👍👍👍

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thank you! 😃

[@amitkumardas8356]

THANK YOU SOMUCH FOR THE TUTORIAL VIDEO

[@OurTechPlanet]

You're welcome!

[@amirzebbadshah7281]

Very good explanation of Massive MIMO. Plz upload more videos on 5G

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks Amirzeb! Stay tuned, more videos coming in May.

[@chiraggupta2220]

You said in MU MIMO pairing blue & green UE are using same freq & time domain resources but with the diff beam, here my queries are 1) same time domain mean they got scheduled in the same TTI? 2) if Blue and green UE are using different beams in MU MIMO but what about in SU MIMO case, beamforming will be applicable for that also right, and can they still be having different beams?

[@OurTechPlanet]

1. yes 2. they will have different time/frequency domain allocation in SU-MIMO

[@claretantony434]

Very good video MIMO & Beam Forming well explained

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks Claret :)

[@thierryimpact6809]

Really excellent, Thank's

[@OurTechPlanet]

Glad you liked it!

[@sarahliu504]

Very well explained 👍

[@OurTechPlanet]

Glad it was helpful!

[@George-nq2mx]

great video but how is the I11 AND i12 are linked to certain beam? or they just represent like the coordinates?

[@OurTechPlanet]

The mathematics are complex but you can read about this in 3GPP 38214 under 5.2.2.2. Mainly, i11 tells about azimuth angle while i12 indicates about elevation angle and i13 talks about layers.

[@vijendrainjetyinjety859]

Good explanation ....loved it

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks a lot 😊

[@filthykid84]

Well done!

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks!

[@faheemkhan1609]

Very well explained.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks :)

[@yukselyilmaz3727]

Firstly mant many thanks for so much for your valuable videos about 5G.I have several questions about MMIMO effect and link budget.How can I put a MMIMO effect in Link budget formula different than RRU effect.Another Question for Beamforming effect also.How can ı calculation cell radius depend on cell edge throguhput ? Can ı used SINR table vice versa DL/UL speed ?

[@OurTechPlanet]

MMIMO gains in Link Budget are usually added via beamforming gains in dBs The Cell radius vs cell edge throughput actually comes from the SINR estimation and the SINR table can be acquired using empirical means or simulations

[@enlightenedbliss9819]

Amazing explanation 👏

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks :)

[@artindance2992]

So the number of transmitters and receiver is MIMO and beamforming depends on antenna elements, right ?

[@OurTechPlanet]

Yes, correct.

[@lkminz]

Hi, Multiple beams can be form based on user location or may be beam location are fixed which can be assigned to user considering SINR as you mentionee in the video. But are these beams form one at a time or they are formed together? These massive MIMO work with multiple beam antenna system or just 1 beam using massive array addressing different user in some sequence? Kindly help me understand this to make me clearly think about antenna development. Thanks

[@OurTechPlanet]

Within the same TTI, multiple users can be allocated different beams

[@adawyyy1]

Great video ; what about defining the beam based on SRS feedback : how it works ?

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks. SRS based precoding and beamforming decisions are done inside the gNB and that is more of a vendor specific algorithm

[@aghilmanafi5495]

It was really great

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks Aghil

[@akmzakaria3054]

Superb !

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks a lot

[@filthykid84]

Were you able to upload the 2nd episode for massive mimo regarding detailed info of the beams like you mentioned at the end of the vdo?

[@OurTechPlanet]

Not yet. Stay Tuned :)

[@hitendramalik3093]

Thanks for such a class Vedio.Only one question from my side what is limitation for Multi User MIMO?Is any license required?how we can implement it?

[@OurTechPlanet]

From vendor implementation perspective, yes licenses are usually required for such features.

[@serwanalimohammed8952]

Thank you for this explanation. How can I get the video presentation so one can add their own description and write their notes on the presentation?

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks Serwan. Currently we are not sharing the presentation material itself :)

[@coolmunzir]

With MU-MIMO paired UEs will have Rank-2 Transmission instead of Rank-4 Transmission in SU-MIMO case, right?

[@OurTechPlanet]

Yeah that is the usual case!

[@m.karthikeyan6482]

Great ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️Thanku so much..

[@OurTechPlanet]

Most welcome 😊

[@moviesbox6900]

Thanks for a impressive presentation , i just get bit confuse on the concept of beamforming vs Antenna elements i.e 64T64 ( 64 Antenna elements in DL/UL ) meaning 16 4x 4 MIMO groups with the help of massive MIMO, so in this case , is Antenna is transmitting 64 Beams ?

[@OurTechPlanet]

In the current market, this is more of an implementation specific thing. But usually 16 beams at the same time are the upper limit as increasing it more than this causes too much interference

[@moviesbox6900]

@@OurTechPlanet Ok but currently all new 5G modules are coming with 64T64R , it means they supposed to support 16 X ( 4x4) MIMO users simultaneously. However if upper limitation of beams is 16 as you mentioned, is it means these 64T64R are actually working like 16T16R?

[@swarnban8634]

Hello Team, could you please make a video on 'Role of SSB in Beam Sweeping'. I need clarity on the process which is taking place at the background.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Sure, will add that to the list!

[@sukumarane2302]

Nice presentation ..thanks 👍👍but some confusion on 64 × 64 antenna elements ,Is it 4 beams restricted for a user ?

[@OurTechPlanet]

Yes, in a way, because current UE implementations have only 4 Rx paths so in the end they can only have 4 layers.

[@jubyloo2]

Better than paid instructors in the industry. 👏

[@OurTechPlanet]

That means a lot! Thanks!

[@AIdreamer_AIdreamer]

Perfect videos. can you please explain a little about PRB and digitally beam forming and beam and null steering??. very much appreciated.

[@OurTechPlanet]

Coming Soon!

[@AIdreamer_AIdreamer]

@@OurTechPlanet perfect thank you, you are awesome and very responsible

[@j.gabriel7184]

Very good!

[@OurTechPlanet]

Glad that you liked it. Do spread the word around :)

[@eliasbeik7852]

Well explained ravo

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks :)

[@mohammadraheel1373]

Nice and easy lecture...but still so many confusion for example we are using 12×8×2 antenna but its called 64t64r how it called 64t64r in practical its have 192 elements and another thing how many beams it can generate how do i know ..another antenna also we have 8×8×2 or 4×8×2 its also 64t64r how do we calculate this

[@OurTechPlanet]

Thanks. All this will be covered in the next Massive MIMO session :)

[@georgioskarouzos7418]

Very helpful info. 2 UEs in connected mode, placed next to each other, will report the same pmi feedback and share the same traffic beams. Correct ?

[@OurTechPlanet]

Yes, that should be correct.

[@georgioskarouzos7418]

If CSI-RS 32 ports is used the gNB will transmit 32 signals to the Ue, which in turn applies PMIs to all of these 32 signals for SINR calculation.Is it correct? Thank you