6 Types of Market Failure

[@onlyapaperboy]

it's 16 hours until my exam and having done economics for 9 months this is the first time I've properly understood any of it. you are brilliant

[@morilloTSG]

Mr Holden you are a very good teacher your videos filled in the gaps and will give me the edge that will get me the A in my A-levels you have no idea how thankful I am to you

[@BryceBlilie]

These videos are GREAT! Im taking an online microeconomics course and these lectures fill the missing gap. I did so much better on my exam because I reviewed with these videos rather than just the eBook.

[@doctorsaxdude]

Paj, you are the gem of our economics class. We worship you every lesson. Thanks for all your epic economics lessons, supreme writing speed and electrifyingly quick rubbing out. Got my exam on friday!

[@dkylekelly]

And.... he presses STOP. Love it. Great explanation for why markets can fail.The better people can come to understand the limitations of market forces and possible corrective actions by government, the better off we are going to be in creating happier societies.Of course, your caveat at the end is right on target. Government can't always fix everything. But neither is it the case that all government action is bad and the market is always right.

[@Freshanfun]

Mr. Holden, just watched your video. My exams are fast approaching and i find them of great help to me in my preparation. My teachers here in Wales, use your videos quite often in class, when wishing to describe certain areas & simply to get us to subscribe& use your great channel as an aid to our exam preparations. I have great teachers, but I tell you, what a wonder it would be if there were Paj Holden videos for all my subjects. I'd just like to say, a big thankyou. keep up the great work.

[@AaronNHorvitz]

Re-wrote. Barry, I agree with a bit of your assessment on market failure (not all). It's important to defend Mr. Holden, because he is one of the greatest online econ teachers today. This is a long high school curriculum that he has to follow. Also, "Market Failure," is a hotly debated topic in economics that no one agrees on. There are a lot of Americanized "Austrian School" people on here jumping down Phil's throat. The Misses Institute is more of an American made philosophy/ cannon.

[@4MakingASite]

My economics teacher actually plays us your videos in class - that's how good you are! Thank you!

[@armaanshah2831]

Dear Phil, I'm an IB student from India and I'd like to thank you for all these videos, This is the best economics revision I've had...!

[@raihansadath]

Now that it's been 10 yrs how was your experience of learning economics and also what do you do now?

[@jonathanleewk]

am taking my A Levels in a week's time; your videos have been really invaluable in my revision. Thank you so much!

[@AaronNHorvitz]

When you use the scientific method to study the distribution of scarce resources in society... that is economic science. Barry you are making a point on market failure. Thats only one small point among many regarding markets. It's also an area no one agrees on. It's valid to teach that.

[@urcuppacoffee]

Without you i'd have little to no economic knowledge, god bless you sir.

[@GreenGal4]

Thank you so much for doing all of these videos! They are clear and easy to understand with explanations in all the right places and where I need them. I'm revising for my Unit 1 exam in January and I am so grateful to you. Keep up the good work please :)

[@video2011th]

This is so helpful! Thank you for taking the time to make these videos - they are very much appreciated!

[@TheSkadooshka]

I have just started learning economics and you make it so easy to understand , thank you!!

[@elizabethchilufya6675]

I think you just saved my Ecnomics grade. thank you so much! :) it's so clear and easy to understand.

[@PMGF]

This was Amazing, Thank You, didn't have time to go over this in class & so this was brilliant to learn this in half an hour.

[@BananaBeecher]

This video is a merit good.

[@GILTSPARTA]

Banana Beecher this should be top comment

[@na.a8646]

No its HE is a demerit good

[@CamShaft200]

Brilliant (as usual), thank you! and please don't take any note of the moronic argument below, just know that there are SO MANY students around the world that love your videos and use them daily as a concrete source of revision. So on behalf of all of these students - thanks! :)

[@ladyriver07]

IB Economics exam is in less than 3 hours and here I am, watching your videos Mr Holden! Thank you for putting the effort and time in these videos. We call you some kind of economics God in our school haha :) If you do have the time in the future to add Balance of Payments in your channel, would be awesome ! Thank you once again !

[@blaxland64]

This was an incredible useful video - to the point and concise but explained with examples. Thank you very much

[@blaxland64]

Incredibly*

[@mainuddinbhuyan1547]

This video really helped me! I couldn't find any explanation even-though my AS exams are tomorrow, this video helped me clear most of my doubts.

[@HarshitaMbhattacharya]

If wish you were my teacher :| Teacher in my school just read things from the book :| You made me love the subject. Thank you so much :)

[@nustada]

1) Insurance, and arbitration internalize externalizes. Not a market failure. 2) Attraction, advertisements, subscription. Not a market failure. For example the lighthouse, if their is no lighthouse, that increases risk and therefore price of traded goods. So the dock that would want higher volume, would be willing to build the lighthouse. They could ask for shares from the venders in exchange for advertisement and consecions. Also insurance companies and subscribers would build them. If they are loosing ships and making high payouts, they would build them so the company could pay out less often or the subscriber to have lower premiums. Or technological advancement would make them obsolete. 3) Trade and consumer publications and reviews, 2nd opinions. Not a market failure. 4) Monopolies and collusion still have to compete in the absence of government to prevent entry by producing a superior product at lowest price. Barriers to entry are a symptom of government, not the market. 5) Futures, options, and insurance. those only fail when "regulated". Not a market failure. 6) Unemployment is caused by barriers to entry, and labor regulations. Again, a failure of government, not the market. Geographic immobility, that means they limit themselves to the local market, that is a personal problem not a problem of the market itself. Skills are transferable, without wages being minimum an employer can risk training them on the job and allowing the employment to write contracts to gaurentee return on their investment. To build skill there are also trade schools (also limited by government). Discrimination, again look at governments involvement, it is almost entirely the cause. If government makes it too expensive to fire (due to anti-discrimination laws) they will not hire. If business A does not discriminate but B does, A will out-compete B, leading to B either serving a niche market, being forced out of business, or forced to adapt. Government is theft and violence, it cannot solve anything the market cannot. Problems in markets are opportunities.

[@nittysimengwa1412]

Is this criticism or?

[@Fazlulkader]

Thanks a lot. You are a true teacher. a guru. Accept my gratitude sir.

[@JackoTheBosch]

This video is better than the 30 pages on market failure and my teacher put together

[@elizabethc9843]

Thank you so much! you have a way of simplifying economics! really appreciated!

[@radip]

good to watch something from you Mr Holden :) It's been a long time and the topic of the video is fresh, especially before the second wave of the financial crysis.

[@SandalsMcPickle]

Your are brilliant... Good luck with the Econ 1 exam tomorrow people!

[@edwardfeast]

Revising for A2 Unit 3, this is really good stuff! A lot clearer than Ray Powell in the Textbook that's for sure.

[@scottpatterson8188]

Honestly I could do a days economics in 10 minutes thanks to you making it more enjoyable.

[@Mrkickass1995]

thankyou so much sir. i've got so much respect for you right now :) and i'm all the way from this tiny island called sri lanka. much appreciated :)

[@gulbirk]

Ah, I loved the dentist example, as that is actually something that happened in Norway not long ago. To check if this claim was true, a group of people decide to go to several dentists (within two days, so not much happen to your teeths in two days) and ask if there were any problems. The result were scary. Some found one hole, others found two, some found none (maybe they had a fine business already) and so on.

[@jaimefrancisco1735]

Very supplemental in nature in teaching Junior High Students//

[@parash009]

Thank you sir, this video was really helpful in one of the projects I am working on. Thanks again!

[@FalconPunch139]

I would do almost anything to have you as my teacher, you are amazing, keep it up!

[@lcrowds]

distribution of income is a major market failure. I'm interested why you didn't mention it? Also - Labour failure (unemployment) can be caused by Government intervention with the introduction of a minimum wage (price floor), which creates a surplus of people willing to work. Great video! Economics exam in a week...

[@spikesmth]

This would be good source material for the Occupy protests. It explains the root of what I/they want but can't articulate: Some kind of government action to remedy as much of these failures as practical. As a student of Econ, believer in managed markets and KZbin discussioner, I will reference this video in my disputes with Libertarian fundamentalists and otherwise unreasonable anti-Keynesians.

[@Xebioz]

Great analysis, but when it comes to missing markets I find that the examples can actually have markets. For instance street lights or lighthouses could be created by insurance companies to avoid having to pay for damages done to cars and ships when they go off the road or crash into cliffs because of poor lighting. As such I find that often you could find markets for the strangest things (Although for exams and such it might be just as well to write the 'official' theory and skip the rest).

[@was2911]

Just wanted to say thank you very much for these helpful videos :)

[@xue0010]

Pls continue to make videos in 2013! I simply find that your videos are able to help me understand the concept better:)!

[@cra0kalo]

IM YOUR #1 FAN THANKYOU SO MUCH THIS HELPED ME WITH MY STUDIES ALOT!

[@thimmyb]

Nice video! I must say I don't agree on unstable prices being a market failure. It can be a problem as you say, sometimes solved with futures, but a problem does not automatically constitute a market failure. As for labor market failure, Keynes blamed sticky prices, which brings to mind that you might want to generalize "labor market failure" to "sticky prices failure" or perhaps "sticky behavior failure", which would occur when market actors respond to market incentives to slowly. Thanks!

[@rin0r795]

Good luck for Monday guys

[@tomhalls9957]

I love walking into antique shops and seeing a very valuable chair made by a famous carpenter 300 years ago

[@Migueldmtorres]

I did enjoyed your approach, really interesting for someone who´s doing the IB DP even tho you explained it as an A-levels subject.

[@MetaReaLizard]

Thanks for your vids I have learned a great deal... Can I ask your opinion in regard to the Libertarian arguments that market failure wouldn't exist if we de-regulated markets..? I personally disagree with such a position but i'd be really interested to hear your opinion on the matter; if you care to express it of course.

[@BarrySlisk]

4. Lack of competition This could be called a market failure but if the price becomes to high what will prevent new companies from entering the market thus causing lower prices? Usually it's the government who creates barriers to market due to regulation.

[@GoLetItInGoBagItUp]

2. The free market is almost never perfect and the invisible hand almost never exists in the presence of search costs, transaction costs, exit costs (for workers and firms), turnover costs, imperfect information, signaling, adverse selection and credit rationing etc. Please read the Nobel lecture of Joseph Stiglitz as an easy-to-understand introduction for someone who apparently haven't even read an introductory textbok in Microeconomics.

[@KaiserinAstrid]

I generally agree with this video and it is saddening that most teachers don't really focus on externalities when they teach, although, I disagree with the labour market failure arguments. A lot of them are consequences of governmental regulations(e.g. youth unemployment is a function of the minimum wage). I think labour markets fail due to wage stickiness, but I'm not a labour economist and I didn't find an adequate theory on stickiness of wages that has no major flaws.

[@Fullbackmatty]

I could take Economics a level in my own time and not go to my lessons and rely just on your videos and i would get a higher grade than if going to 6 lessons a week with my other teachers!

[@51MontyPython]

0:25 My own personal criticism of the the theory of "market failure" is that I think it conflates the terms "efficient" (which can be an objective term), with "sufficient," which is a _sub_ jective term.

[@joshsanmogan3932]

Thank you so much for the videos. Could you do a video on Exchange rates, like summaries of the different types. It would add so much to the already vast knowledge that is your videos this far.

[@am_tawana_09]

Thank you sir you saved my day ...you explained very well and I understand easily 🙏

[@Adam2A7]

Nicely put. I was interested the entire clip

[@TheBalhamboy]

@anyfekinnamewilldo I think the focus is on classical market failure, and provides the case for government intervention. Consequences of policy would come later in macroeconomics.

[@SportsViids]

Great video Phil, I was wondering if you have any help on the structuring of answers in Essays and the 10/12 mark data response questions.

[@s92546250]

Useful material for me. Thank you Pajholden.

[@JayaBuzz]

You sir, have made my economics exam today seem a lot easier.

[@ronnazya298]

Great video, thank you so much... 2018 subscriber ..well explained

[@AaronNHorvitz]

In this example: MR is the first derivative of the Demand Curve, which means it always slopes more steeper than the demand curve. Anyways…that sets up a situation where the Equilibrium Price is higher than otherwise would be in perfect competition, and the Equilibrium Quantity is lower. This results in a dead weight loss, where the quantity supplied is lower than it should be.

[@leemon4241]

Thank you, sir. what are the effects of market failure on prices, efficiency of market operation and economic welfare?

[@adijo123]

Hey pajholden, just a suggestion, you can make a systematic lecture series which explains all basic micro economic and macro economic concepts! That would really help people trying to learn economics at home, and everyone in general!

[@MyEccentricMind]

@000TheGingerOne000 I think so, except for negative externalities because he uses the cost and benefit diagram while in ocr we just use the demand and supply diagram.

[@mathewboyd1572]

I appreciate this video series. Very useful and well explained.

[@nooruddinakhi4153]

very well explained! 1k Likes

[@FakenameStevens]

There are connections I'm seeing. There's no incentive to provide public goods in the free market because those create positive externalities and lead to the free rider problem. You can't charge people for spending time under your streetlamp so those aren't provided. Averting the free rider problem allows externalities to act in the favour of the public and not of firms. Also asymmetric information causes more negative externalities as the people wouldn't know the consequences of smoking and drinking and betting excessively if the government wasn't there to regulate betting and put those health warnings about lung cancer on cigarette boxes. This video is great, thanks a lot.

[@BarrySlisk]

Hey Mr. pajholden! If I move my arms like they were wings I cannot fly. Is that a market failure as well?

[@GSTAR0B]

this is brilliant, your a hero

[@Jordonwoon]

Hey could you do a video on Solow's and Endogenous growth model, and when and what do we use the model's to depict. Please!!

[@youtoomf2947]

Great teacher, very clear 👌.

[@MrHockeeee]

Great videos to help me with my microeconomics

[@mr1ncl1]

Great videos paj, if you have time can u make a video about road pricing, franchishing and CBA( and COBA) please. Would be great if you could got my exam coming up soon and couldnt find anything on it on your channel about them. Thank you.

[@inspiredcitizen2226]

I am a fan of how u simplify everything! xD

[@na.a8646]

My favourite bit is 16:31

[@NightTubeTube]

Amazing video! Just a quick question. What exact government legislation can be used to correct asymmetric information and reduce exploitation from mainly suppliers?

[@TheLucasbr152]

None

[@NightTubeTube]

@@TheLucasbr152 Thanks mate - would’ve been great to know this 10 years ago for my A levels - luckily still got an A thanks to Paj!

[@andycmwanzah]

thanks so much sir for your videos. there such an assistant in my my macro economics. keep it that way.thanks

[@Gracie193rrf]

exam today and u've saved me :D thank you!

[@adijo123]

Oh, and your videos are GREAT. maybe you can collaborate with thenewboston and make an economics tutorial series!

[@liampenny9077]

really helpful cheers paj

[@GoLetItInGoBagItUp]

@Aaron Horvitz 2. Just one of the many basic examples from Wikipedia: "A natural monopoly is a condition on the cost-technology of an industry whereby it is most efficient (involving the lowest long-run average cost) for production to be concentrated in a single firm."

[@lailabankousli108]

Could you please make a video on the causes of Market falure? Thank you!

[@blissterd]

Mr Holden, I'm confused.. Is the MC curve for all types of firms equivalent to the supply curve? Or is it only for perfectly competitive firms? Thank u very much! I've been watching your videos and got by 1 year of work in 3 weeks :D

[@GoLetItInGoBagItUp]

@Aaron Horvitz I did not. Apparently you cannot read. I wrote that free markets "often" leads to monopolies.

[@xit1254]

Interesting lecture. I lean towards libertarianism, so my faith in government solutions is limited. Of course a lot of the problems with labor (I'd say most) are caused by government interference. But his lecture is informative, so I think I'll subscribe.

[@nataliaermasova8307]

It will be great if you prepare lecture about asymmetric information

[@anyfekinnamewilldo]

@heckler73 Not sure what you mean by "between a Pet Rock and a Toaster Oven" but it doesn't sound terribly complimentary! Tom Woods is an historian by trade with IMO an excellent understanding of economics..particularly from the Austrian school. There are literally dozens of free market orientated economists who have been debunking this market failure stuff for DECADES which to be frank has as much right to appear in curriculum text books as astrology.

[@weewilly2007]

Have you found that Napoleon thing you've got going for you, generally working for, or against you? Very helpful nonetheless, thanks. Although your 3rd point of asymmetric knowledge and how people are known to exploit it to benefit themselves, perhaps a more practical rather than purely theoretical understanding should be gained also. E.g. the social implications of withholding or monopolizing information, as well as the phenomenon of lording it over others with apparently superior knowledge. Relevant because the flip side of market failure does tend to be social dysfunction too, wouldn't you agree?

[@umangjain420]

Very informative. Thank you very very much

[@AqMiz]

Could you make a video about the J curve and its effects and such please?

[@Dodidi95]

Great for my Exam Revision... Thanks a lot!

[@bangarang171]

His eyebrow game is strong

[@melvinconners8010]

Bang Arang your mothers tush game is weak it is infested with crabs

[@tanyalaubscher7583]

dont be rude!!!!!

[@atheeoo2035]

Thank you very much. You are a wonderful teacher :)

[@jaredharbour6712]

thank you sir, this is truly a great explanation .

[@Phantom9442]

PERFECT! We are doing this in class atm!

[@AaronNHorvitz]

You have to admit that Sowell is more accomplished than most economists, and you will have a long way to go to become as accomplished as him.

[@simonbarker8724]

what about tradgedy of the commons? or do we not need to know this for a unit 1 exam?

[@7LadyD1]

Mr. Holden was my high school teacher :) He is the best (apart from being academically amazing, he is very funny).

[@ahmedbenhariz8694]

lol i wonder where you are now

[@TheZadzzz]

he has subliminally mentioned merit and demerit goods; demerit goods lead to negative externalites whilst merit goods lead to positive externalities

[@rhulancorp5]

you are a LEGEND! thanks very much!