Scientists develop novel techniques to help stop human-elephant conflict in Thailand

[@MONi_LALA]

In Khao Yai, there is a lush national park where famously elephants roam around. Rangers there also need to navigate through protecting the people and the elephants. Rangers in Khao Yai love the elephants. One of the ranger is famous for being able to handle the elephants and he have many many photos of elephants in which he named and remember all of them. They deterred the elephants invasion by providing what they need in their habitat. Such as an incident where an elephant ripped off a wall to local's kitchen to get to their fish sauce or soy sauce. The rangers realized that their natural source of sodium is lacking in the forest so they have to set up salt pool in different spots for the elephants. And that stop some of the invasion. Wild elephants had the tendency to avoid human. So if they did come out of their habitat, that signal something is wrong within their ecosystems.

[@chriscomp20]

10000%. People forget, we earned apex predator status long before cities popped up, afroeurasian animals learned a necessary fear response to humans.

[@tylerm0089]

that's interesting and it makes sense. im not trying to hate on this experiment but I do think as they say, the elephants are very smart", and eventually they will learn that this device is basically a modern "scarecrow' in a crop field. And that if an elephant is determined enough or as you said is craving or needing certain nutrients/ elements, I think it will definitely go around, under or above any type of screaming pole on a tree in order to get what it wants. I think maybe a combination of setting out proper food for them and using these scare devices may help. The only problem with feeding them is how expensive it may get with paying employees to have to manage that. I'd assume the National Park you mention has more money from tourists and more reason to keep their elephants happy, where in this village they don't have much money to spend on this kind of problem, but they may have to decide if it's worth it.

[@SukKennedy]

When an elephant see's a sugarcane truck it's like oh thank you for delivering dinner!😀😀😆

[@trailgangstaz]

Their version of an ice cream truck 😂

[@jturtle5318]

They collect a toll.

[@pacjam418]

In Africa, some farmers put beehives all around the perimeter of their fields because elephants are afraid of bees. I saw a documentary where a charity was helping the farmers with water issues, improving the soil, sustainable practices and keeping the animals out that destroy the crops. It was a really good doc. It’s kinda hilarious that elephants are afraid of bees (at least the ones in that area).

[@bsmlbn]

Who wouldn't be afraid of africanized killer bees 😂😂

[@ankiking]

I just posted the same. I have also heard that can work.

[@JesgateOnDown]

@pacjam418 I thought I heard that you can just use recordings of bees.

[@johnwaggoner3763]

Powerful, beautiful animals.

[@lauriefinnegan5011]

Going to the Elephant Nature Park in Chiang-Mai Thailand was one of the best experiences of my lifetime. Such beautiful animals. ❤

[@jerryklooster438]

I also went to that park. Were you able to swim with the elephants?

[@debbiecooper1677]

on my bucketlist for me

[@TheSup1975]

Hahaha that Sanctuary is being investigated.

[@Beatriz-uh4jj]

This place left elephants in pens, struggle to survive in a massive flood 2 months ago. 2 of them die because the owner of this park did not bring them to a safe place. Do not support this park.

[@LiveGoDaYDaYs]

​@Beatriz-uh4jj no way they can evacuate all 50+ old/ disabled elephant in time of massive flood

[@jakhaughton1800]

In Africa it was found that bee colonies were enough to keep elephants away from crops.

[@pacjam418]

I just wrote that same comment. I saw that documentary on it a few months ago. It’s crazy that elephants (at least those in that area of Africa) are afraid of bees.

[@JesgateOnDown]

@jakhaughton1800 Yes, exactly... How do we as regular animal lovers & avid animal documentary watchers know about this yet this guy didn't mention it? He also didn't describe the couple of studies he mentioned and he made it seem as if those studies didn't yield much info on elephant behavior. I find him disingenuous. I think he's more into leading on those he gets research grant money from than actually coming up with solutions. The things he mentioned & the *simple* behavioral tests they were using were very inadequate for how intelligent elephants actually are & could have been used for testing any species. The only changes were adaptations for the elephants size & strength. The "solutions" they came up with were simple logic & could've been devised by anyone - even someone with little to no know about elephant behavior.

[@teamcougars]

Elephants are so beautiful and incredibly intelligent mad respect for them ❤❤

[@thealanford4780]

Such amazing creatures!!!!

[@dionnedunsmore9996]

@7:40- That field of sugarcane or whatever, is growing over an ANC8ENT PATH elephants have used for generations upon generations! They dont just seek out a random crop! Theyre walking to a known watering hole or food their ancestors mapped out for them generations ago! Theyre not just randomly seeking out that farmers' crops, theyre doing exactly what they were taught to do by their family members❤️

[@barbarasara4033]

EXACTLY. Humans think this is their own world ONLY. 😢😢😢😢

[@SonnyBear5]

As a Thai, I want to thank elephants for teaching me to love all animals. Every time I go back, I always find the chance to pet and bow to one. They’re magnificent animals that have more in common with us than any other animal.

[@roustabout4fun]

Anything that will help man and these wonderful creatures live together in relative harmony is welcome~

[@patriciatoomingtheplantpar2558]

Heres a nicel idea, QUIT CLEAR CUTTING AND LEARN SUSTAINABLE FARMING SKILLS. Wouldn't be the total answer but it surely wouldn't hurt either!

[@gallardoo9]

that makes to much sense, these countries are poor, at the same time there is no population control so they keep having more children without the means for support and on and on it goes...I lived in Asia for a few years, China was the only country with controls in place..

[@Otis-m6p]

If you paid attention, you would have heard that they stopped logging in 1989.

[@pascalecleriediaz3816]

@@Otis-m6pThey still do it !

[@Tracydot3]

@@Otis-m6p There is still illegal logging in Thailand and they are still forcing elephants to do it. Logging elephants suffer a lot.

[@Otis-m6p]

@@Tracydot3 No doubt illegal logging continues, but at least it's no longer official government policy. The fact that wild elephant numbers are on the rise would indicate that they are doing something right. Certainly they have room for improvement, but I think it's unfair to be overly critical, suggesting that clear cutting is the norm. As we can see here, the Thais are attempting to find solutions to enable coexistence between humans and elephants.

[@sunlovinsnowflake]

Also, for the farmers bothered by their invasion, do banana trees go fast enough for them consider lining the perimeter of the land , with maybe a fence separating them from the rest of the crop? That way the elephants are somewhat satiated & might be satisfied without taking out the crop?

[@achareeya]

Elephants are 'repeated visitors' and travel to forage for food. They return to the same location if that location used to provide them with the right condition. They eat all day and night (up to 19 or 20 hours in a day and around 200 kg per adult). Once they learned of a location with food (especially, anything sweet), the whole family would come for a buffet feast. They will return quite often as well, for generations. Unfortunately, banana won't grow fast enough and too fragile. Elephants would eat them 'whole' (they love the above ground part rich with water, not just the fruit. The underground part, which is needed to sprout new banana trees, would likely be pulled out as well). Fences might deter them a few minutes until they figure out how to break in. They best way to manage elephant affairs is to prevent deforestation, managing their food sources in the wild so they have plenty without having to seek food outside and by using rangers to 'negotiate' with elephants. Rangers who work in Elephant protection team are expert when it comes to reading each herd's behavior and migration patterns, down to individual's characters so they know what to do with each herd. They should be supported and hailed as heroes.

[@dionnedunsmore9996]

@3:48- And u can bet ur last dollar that says 135 out of 135 of those people killed by elephants ...harmed or harrassed those elephants and the elephant responded by killing them. There is not an elephant in history who aggressively hunted down any human! Every death is in response to some type of abused served up by the human! Just this video alone proves it! Every elephant seen here w a human has been abused in one way (always physically) or another! I watched a baby elephant (an ellie) chase its mother down for the 2nd half of the day, trying to feed from her. She was a working mother (forced by humans of course) who was only 'allowed' to nurse her infant baby (he couldn't have been more than a cpl months old) during morning hours. This meamt he was only allowed to eat in the morning when she was chained to their pin. The rest of the day he had to chase her (dropping several times from exhaustion which sent his mom into a panic, and shed try picking him up from the ground, while the human strapped to her back would jab her w his bull horn and whip her w his whip) to nurse from her. Naturally he didnt make it much longer and she spiraled into a depression, but still forced to work pushing logs into the piles the humans had her create. Every elephant u see doing unnatural acts (painting, giving rides on the beach, dancing, walking in parades...anything other than nurturing their ellies and herd members) is being forced by a person to do those things. Elephants dont drive cars or haul humans around because they want to! Theyre forced. Look up 'crushing' of elephants (ive seen it too many times, i cant watch it again) thats how every unnatural behavior u see starts. Every behavior, not most of them, or some, but EVERY behavior starts first w crushing. Leave the eleohants t.f ALONE, and let em live! They feel every emotion we feel. Inagine how it feels to ses ur baby all but drop dead in front of u! Or to watch ur mom be jabbed by a bull horn as she screams in pain. Nice rite?!🤬💔 Leave em alone! N if u cant leave em alone, then help and love em! Dont abuse em

[@koriw1701]

These people are suggesting that the locals track 4,400 elephants and create a profile for each of the individuals that come in contact with each farm? How would that work? Most elephants are migratory, even those on islands. How would they sustain such a massive database? And how will puzzle boxes help the situation? Are these elephants expected to pass up a field full of sugar cane for a few bananas in a metal box? With such brilliant animals, I can't imagine anything working for any length of time since all animals, intelligent or not, can become acclimated to any given deterrent introduced into a system. A these creatures in particular are capable of observing situations and will eventually be able to determine that no tiger exists to threaten them, leading the citizens to do what exactly? They will fall back on the only thing that has ever worked in the past and that is confronting the animals directly, which we know can cause the farmers to get into a confrontation with them; and we know this to be fraught with inherent risks of injury for those who are forced to try to chase them off. I find most of these possibilities highly suspect. I don't know why they simply don't just surround their croplands with either beehives or the recorded sounds of bees. This is a low-tech solution to a serious and sustained problem; something that could mean a lot to a developing nation that is currently classified as a third-world country.

[@joshplotnik1802]

Thank you for your thoughts on this. My team is featured in this piece. As we emphasize, it is not 4,400 elephants raiding farmers' crops. It's only a select few. We are currently working with a population of ~300 elephants in Salakpra to test the efficacy of our personality apparatus, but we only need to complete profiles on the select few that are 'raiding' crops at any given time. Most of the elephants are staying inside the sanctuary. One possibility is that yes, from one field to the next, we would profile the present elephants over the course of several days and then implement a device that is programmed to fit the personalities of those particular elephants. But we are also going to test to see if a particular set of programmed parameters (i.e., a particular personality profile) could be effective for a large number of elephants; if that works, farmers wouldn't need to program the device for each individual. About the bees...the African honey bee is highly aggressive and in certain African landscapes (but not all), the use of bees has reduced conflict involving elephants. There is no convincing data of this being effective in Thailand, likely due to the Asian honey bee being significantly less aggressive. What's important to remember is that what may work in one landscape may not work in another. I hope this information clarifies things. Thank you.

[@Khazzs]

Thank god Thailand is associated with elephants...You wouldn't believe the stigma people face after multiple trips to Thailand

[@est9949]

You should educate those dumb people that there are many more things in every country than their personal dirty interests. I always think it's more telling on themselves who went online and only look for the things that interest themselves 🤔

[@zAlaska]

They do not like bees. A loudspeaker sounding like a swarm of bees worked on all elephants tested in Africa on a video I saw. Play loudspeaker of swarming bees in the farmer's Garden probably would be a great deterrent.

[@bmart42081]

4:11 the little elephant with three legs. 😢The big elephant protecting it and the herd.

[@MichaelValadez-v6s]

Bless this man for his love of conservation for this gentile beast.We don't know enough abiut these elephants. We can only hope with his trustful endeavors that peace can be had for the elephants and humans existence 🙏.

[@nuansiripaurohitya5823]

Very interesting and knowledgeable video, thanks.

[@PneumaNoose]

Animals don’t exist to entertain humans. Period. We should cherish every living creature.

[@lineagefirst]

I've seen posted on a few elephant advocacy social media accounts that it's not humane to ride an elephant. Their anatomy is not built for that. It's abuse.

[@pascalecleriediaz3816]

Yes it’s harmful to their back! Heartbreaking that some camp until now are abusing them ! And to become obedient the elephants endured very cruel training the “phajaan “ This is heartbreaking!💔

[@Tracydot3]

It's not humane to ride any animal. Animals aren't vehicles.

[@pascalecleriediaz3816]

@ true that ! I always sign all petitions against these abuse! Animal are not ours for our greed or entertainment! ✍️✍️✍️✍️✍️✍️

[@daniellehenry613]

I wish they would have addressed how cruel it is to ride elephants and how they have to break their spirit to train to beg for money or logging. Smh

[@pascalecleriediaz3816]

@@daniellehenry613 True that ! Heartbreaking 💔! The phajaan is such horrible Cruelty! 🥲

[@teamcougars]

My goodness they are so beautiful, smart just so majestic 😊❤❤

[@ysy4805]

I l8ve all animals and elephants are my number one!!❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

[@talesfromtheleashexpatdogl1426]

Did anyone else notice the young calf crossing at the back of the pack that was missing it's front left leg yet still managing???

[@pascalecleriediaz3816]

Yes ! Courageous and strong baby elephant!❤🐘❤️

[@astraenomine]

Wonder what the diet change does to them though? Like if they're having unheard of access to monoculture of their food supply are they falling victim to addiction like humans do with sugar?

[@Kamal-ju6qx]

We have the same issues here in Sri Lanka

[@palakons]

- Display light - light - Acoustic information - sound - Alfactoty information - smell

[@EyesOnThais]

Nice report!

[@gallardoo9]

some elephants are smarter then others, just like humans, but lets not mix facts with fiction. The smarter elephants are probably the troublemakers, as they are very smart and adept...

[@barbarasara4033]

So is Elon musk 😂😂😂😂😂

[@tanyaesmond9359]

No matter what..the elephant is in survival mode. They will always try to find way. But I really hope the team helps and they probably need to grow trees and plants in correct area for the elephants. If they have food..the will stay.

[@SukKennedy]

Not sure teaching elephants to open doors is a good idea! Elephant - now let's find bigger boxes for more treats! Seems like inviting danger to me!

[@MH-pz8wf]

Less people and more wild land and nature!

[@atxchaser]

Plutnik is a boss! Appreciate the work he does. 😍

[@NomenNescio99]

When you are a farmer in the mountains bordering Myanmar/Burma and and you to keep your rubber trees growing, you are not all that fond of elephants. I and I really understand them, an elephant that walks through your fields will leave most of trees broken, and they take more than 10 years to start producing rubber from when they are planted. It's not a question of loosing one crop, you are about to loose half of your crop for 10 years into the future. The thing said about being close to the breaking point is really really true.

[@WisdomLife9]

To those who are watching this video: May the Lord shower you and your family with boundless joy, unwavering faith, and overflowing grace. May your lives be illuminated by His divine love, and may His blessings fill your days with hope and peace. May your hearts be lifted and your spirits strengthened each and every day.

[@Blood_bought1]

❤GBU

[@jamescollins6927]

Yes there is another souvenir ppl bring home from Thailand too😢

[@cd3121]

Im glad ur bringing that up 🙏🏽 its what media dont show

[@before2511]

The elephant pants? I loved the elephant pants!......and shirt. 😊

[@williambrown4465]

Beautiful elephants

[@crazestyle83]

Why haven't they made a dedicated massive farm near the sanctuary for the elephants? Fundraisers would do it.

[@crazestyle83]

Start tourism there also.

[@crazestyle83]

Get tornado sirens or bear mace or a super loud sound they dislike or something they're scared of or any other common sense idea.

[@Bryanbkk]

There are, and they are sustained by tourist dollars

[@cherylgrunbock9494]

In Africa, they are using honey bee hives with good success. Might be worth a try !

[@bmart42081]

17:02 Mango’s chubby 😂😂😂, he has been eating good.

[@bmart42081]

15:03 too smart for me, run away. 😂

[@Nordic_Sky]

The Thai government keeps very tight control over all elephants, including the ones under human care. They cannot be moved without permission, or used in certain ways, for example for begging. That's not allowed.

[@mich5677]

Thank you for using your time & knowledge to help Thailand with our problems. Elephants are secret animals for Thais. 🙏😊

[@est9949]

Our government doesn't have any policy that cultivates actual research mindset. Nowadays research in Thailand is only for fake kpi numbers and scripted news coverage. The government does not encourage industries to hire PhD grads in the country but focuses on middleman business model of buying and selling technology. Thailand is also the only country in the world that have the anti-intellectual culture with people ranging from uneducated regular people to uneducated politicians insulting basic research daily with the stupid popular phrase "ขึ้นหิ้ง" parroted by the anti-intellectual groups in the population.

[@peni1641]

I heard of a spray for plants that keeps animals away like dogs.

[@SeñorMalc]

Can you do a piece on the harmful chemicals in food?

[@jackburton2680]

Interesting how much man has in common with elephants. Even a massive, seemingly unstoppable beast like this is driven away in terror by the sound of a shrieking, nagging woman

[@gayanbandara9555]

Elephants communicate w/ a low frequency wave which we cannot hear. Kind of seismic wave. If it is possible to simulate and emit a signal indicating an alpha elephant is already occupying a particular territory, then there's a chance that the wandering ones would not enter that area.

[@monicamestas7566]

If elephants can duck under the electric fences, wouldn't another line of electric fence three feet lower deter the elephants so they can't duck under?!? Also, motion sensored devices, like Rainbird sprinklers or sound to deter deer and coyotes. It could be motion sensored firecrackers or . . . ? Near the end of the video, you addressed motion sensored devices. I still think two rows of electric fence is the simplest, likely most effective deterrent.

[@tylerm0089]

I respect this research a lot, Im just not sure how understanding how elephants behave will change the way they raid farms for their delicious crops. I think they will essentially outsmart any type of "scarecrows". Also do they plan on testing every elephants IQ and then what will they do with the smart ones if they are found? *10 mins later...Ok so it is basically an upgraded 2024 scarecrow. I hope it works I do, I just think the elephants will eventually realize that those long tubular devices on the tress should just be stayed away from or that there isn''t a real predator/ human there. Tigers are mainly gone so I don't know if many elephants have even heard or seen a tiger before, not to mention a tiger has to be crazy to mess with an elephant. Thats why there was a rather funny "yelling woman" programmed into the device, bc that's more realistic of what they hear sometimes. I hope your onto something, it just may take some time to fully develop.

[@SpecialSP]

I think there needs to be better control of the breeding of humans. Wildlife was here first, we came, multiplied and took over. Then we complain about them.

[@gtavtheavengergunnerlegend3340]

4400??? GOOD JOB HUMANS!!!! WOW

[@jgg204]

I tried the boxes and couldn't get any of them open

[@ankiking]

Are these elephants afraid of bees? Would setting up bee hives around the crops work? Teaching them to open doors might not be the best idea 😂

[@ilerma78]

More research about this beautiful animals and less killing

[@EmilyB-c9w]

Elephants were there first ❤

[@gailjackson]

I watched a YT video of Kenyan farmers attaching beehives to fences to keep elephants out of crops, because elephants hate bees. Great idea, the bees produce honey and control the elephants.

[@pohjiebarbosa]

Thank you globalization

[@salamandiusbraveheart4183]

Contraception works

[@Musicismylove888]

Why not plant cassava on the elephant trails. If you plant Cassava where they live, they will surely not raid the human gardens.

[@brc9064]

Grow foods in the reserve for the elephant do they don’t leave - also unfortunately their habitat is taken over😢 by

[@baokaen6825]

plenty of food for them in the forest. but elephant is like human. wating to try new tastes new things.

[@LCraig-f6w]

Was interested in seeing a government flood watch with elephants or a group of elephants that are trained to get both people and cars out of flooded areas. As they can swim and are heavy enough to make it. They are prolific waste producers, and oddly enough that waste turned to biochar, worms, or chickens could produce money for food. Since floods are going to go up with global warming; they would be as needed as a fire department or police department in ANY tropical or rain prone area (>45” a year of rain).

[@MayorMcC666]

i bet everyone will treat it like a big suprise when democracy leads to this status quo changing to make the lives of the people more safe

[@Rick-k3p]

So there teaching them that electric boxes has food in them.

[@michellethorpe4000]

9:17 Is he telling the elephant to go home or to go to bed?

[@achareeya]

He said "no, you can't come in."

[@enrique88005]

I think the farmers need to grow crops that elephants dont eat. While giving farmers the crops they need to eat via imports.

[@jackburton2680]

Govt should be giving elephant tourism dollars to farmers who have lost crops

[@DowntownsUptown]

No one has thought to rebuild the forests? It’s been done all over?

[@omarkimbaca1386]

What about all the captive Thai elephants that are suffering and are subjected by the bull hook and tourism 😢

[@lchaput7721]

Such a scrawny, skeletal wallflower is little more than a warning that hopeless ennui lies dead ahead.

[@edday2603]

Forests are the habitat of animals. Humans should not encroach on the forest.

[@wood-wheel-wizard]

Play the sounds of a bees nest to get the elephants to run away, these puzzle boxes are silly.

[@SN-uv4mh]

🦣

[@jackburton2680]

Insane it's illegal to shoot an elephant that's charging you Guess you just gotta accept death

[@maggie9312]

I hope those people don’t chained them to entrained tourist and profit out those elephants 🐘 Live those animals in their habit

[@jamesgray7301]

They are part of the country's identity yet 90% of the captive elephants are abused. Animal torture is also part of Thai identity.

[@sunlovinsnowflake]

Why does the tracker have to be so bulky? It looks like it would be a nuisance to the elephant. With all our technology, it’s unnecessary.

[@powderedtoastman3093]

Cheeky Changs- Navigating that electric fence was genius. รักจากไอร์แลนด์

[@bluesy666]

what about the human-human conflict it will not be bad to work on that.

[@fdavidmiller2]

Teach them to fear humans

[@imzardoz]

Wow!! 60 minutes is so far between the times now that I am so glad I have no tv!! Seen crap like this 30 years ago! Same old, same old!!

[@cruisinUSA]

plant food for them,,they are smart

[@brucedailey7548]

The elephants have lost over half of there habitat. India grows over 1/5 of the world's tea. So why isn't this guy being interviewed telling the person interviewing him. It's the biggest reason why is habitat loss that is leading to loss of there normal food.

[@dawnsirjord9534]

Too many humans on this planet.

[@JayJay-de5jv]

Makes no sense the point is to stop them from killing people and raiding farms without killing them I don’t see how puzzle solving helps

[@dionnedunsmore9996]

In Africa they scare the elephants away from their crops by playing audio tapes of lions roaring lmao none of them are hurt, and the farmers arent spending BooKoo bucks on materials used to prevent their crops from being destroyed or trampled. Every herd member instantly stops in its tracks as soon as it bears the lions lmao its actually pretty funny to watch 😂❤️lmao

[@colewollerman4265]

How about we stop taking all of their habitat and acting like they’re the ones at fault??!!!

[@Joe-ij6of]

Those farmers should get a pet mouse… that’ll show them!

[@westynufc90]

I'll watch owt

[@scottdoran-p6n]

I’m in Thailand and have been for a year, more Russians than Elephants

[@tsurugi5]

are you in the south?

[@scottdoran-p6n]

Phuket

[@tsurugi5]

@ figures

[@ultrakoolyvibes7505]

AFRICAN ELEPHANTS DONT DO ALL THIS LOL WOWWWW

[@cd3121]

Different environment they have to adjust to… so they have to adapt in a different way what people dont tell you is elephants are too smart

[@deepnortheast]

Africans don’t grow crops the just get charity donations

[@andersonlynn3686]

Soooo the Asian counterpart is smarter ??? No surprise 😂😂😂

[@dionnedunsmore9996]

@14:01- See those ppl in the background in blue suits? Theyve trained this elephant to do this behavior....she already knows this trick! Theyve already abused this one 💔

[@bon_grippah]

If anyone is at Khao Lak, Rung is the best tour guide there and she will take you to see wild elephants, different types of monkeys and gibbon

[@bellaanis7157]

🤝🏻

[@pavana9188]

Yelling woman works for all cases 😂

[@balancepoint67]

Messing with elephants ??? Not many left .

[@Otis-m6p]

Farmers have a right to protect their livelihood. You should appreciate the fact that at least the elephants aren't being killed.

[@pascalecleriediaz3816]

@@Otis-m6pBut they invading too much elephants natural habitat which is the forest!

[@Otis-m6p]

@pascalecleriediaz3816 didn't you pay attention? Thailand stopped logging in 1989. The elephants are leaving the national parks and entering farmland. What do you expect the farmers to do?

[@pascalecleriediaz3816]

@@Otis-m6p People are invading too much their natural habitat! The forest is their natural habitat! I feel relieved that they are looking for a peaceful solution for the cohabitation of the elephants and the people!

[@jeannemariondebruijn2309]

use bee colonies, like in Africa. They will run away.

[@ishudevil23]

Always cool and happy to wants to get info of blood donation daily 1 time like eating drinking latrine toilet etc like blood donation 17 times is called health is wealth information.

[@PhoebeFayRuthLouise]

I wish you would have mentioned the abuse elephants experience in the process of breaking their spirit as babies so they can be used for logging, etc!