A short history of crash barrier technology in F1

[@chainbear]

A lot of people are asking why I didn't include Gravel Traps: Well, gravel traps aren't barriers. But I DO have a full video on run-off area design that will go into all the different types of run off areas and how that's changed over the years and why different designs are used in different places. And then, to complete the trilogy, there will be a video on the actual safety mechanisms built into the cars. Once you've seen all three parts it'll be clearer why drivers can walk away from ridiculous accidents.

[@AntonAdelson]

Chain Bear F1 I know I'm late but please answer!

[@saynotohaloFIN]

Anton Adelson Im no expert like chainbear, but water is quite heavy, especially if barrel is as big as one tyre tower. Also imagine the delay when someone hits water barrels and marshalls had to fill them up again

[@garethlee7927]

I cannot find the video bout run off areas.

[@craigwilde2162]

I was going to ask why that wasn't covered in this

[@driffbro3380]

Chain Bear F1 dude, you deserve every single penny your patrons give you..

[@gunnargreene2060]

Rally racing is like: “Barriers? What barriers? Oh you mean. That single tree over there!”

[@linksauce_1]

Gunnar Greene or “oh you mean that tight, blind corner with a 500 foot drop on the other side?”

[@genedrakes686]

Snow banks do a awesome job for the winter rounds! The rally car probably the only race car I would not want to drive at speed with !

[@harharhahrahrharo]

oof... hes goners..... Welp back to spectating the race! :D

[@awildfilingcabinet6239]

You mean the people that are standing in the road?

[@stpbasss3773]

The barriers are the idiots who stand along the track hanging over it lmao. Then again rally cars aren't going 200mph.

[@StarryNightGazing]

I'm here after Romain's crash. So glad of the safety we have now.

[@hi-or4sg]

True

[@aleisternasia-music1057]

That guardrail was in a bad place. Abu Dhabi also has a concerningly placed barrier similar to it...

[@sagars3771]

53g

[@categoriaxbox2396]

Its been 2 months after the crash... time flies... cant wait to the 2021 season starts

[@metrofilmer8894]

That race was really more of a signal of a bad barrier for the type of area it was in. It would have been much better if the barrier Romain crashed into was a tire wall

[@HanZhao]

9:53 only Maldonado could do that tho

[@mesumnaqvi3411]

I was looking for this comment

[@GrasshopperKelly]

@@mesumnaqvi3411 yes, it's out job as engineers, to have fun demolishing these... Sorry "testing" them for all sorts of un thought of scenarios. To see what weight is best, for what part, of what corner, on what track, with what predicted weather, and what is dangerous, if said weather doesn't appear, or other weather arises. Driver crashes like Maldonado's are great for us to see what Can happen. When we get it wrong. Even something as little as, what the crews are setting their cars to, how low they will each be etc. Or, whether that barrier simply is not the best option available. So, as long as I persoanly don't have to fix the track, drivers who wreck the crash systems are my guinepigs (my humane subjects... We obviously do our best with the tolls available so that if something does happen, said guiniepig can walk away, perhaps just with a small purple spot on their arm or leg. But if the same type of crash happens twice. Where a barrier or safety device now becomes a danger to one or more drivers. Then we've failed at our job. Allowing you to say that :p And so God forbid, similar happens again. I belive, there have since been additional attachment hard points used, with loose cables, to help limit the distance they can move in future, but when any such feature is added. An intentional breaking point is added. Because if said amount of force is applied, then the driver should not be at the receiving end. So its better to allow the car to continue etc. I also belive, the attachment points between the same barrier points, have since been altered. To also help resist any twisting forces, which is what broke them. All stuff I get off to....

[@chiefdenis]

Lol, i thought so too

[@oraandrip5266]

Read Macdonald

[@jonathanarie2813]

Thats Sainz 2015 sochi

[@Blast-Forward]

What do we learn from that? No barrier is safe enough for Maldonado. ;)

[@dankatz5224]

BlastForward or safe enough *from* Maldonado!

[@davidvasquez08]

I knew someone was going to mention that

[@BlueCJ]

Sir, the amount of time, research, and effort you put in these videos are just amazing. Best KZbinr ever! :D

[@tg13fire]

Theres no research it's called education

[@LancasterResponding]

Hey man that hurts 😔 I try my best

[@runawayplane6166]

Trystan Gibb I’m pretty sure a fair amount of research went into this video. Not much education in a history of crash barriers are there?

[@julianbell9161]

I love how, despite the incredibly advancements in technology and engineering, the best solution is just a wall of tires.

[@jimcrelm9478]

Often the case IMHO. High tech isn't always the solution, but it always distracts people from looking to and accepting the solutions available to them. Futurism is the curse of the 20th century, nothing good comes of it.

[@J117-t2g]

@@jimcrelm9478 -typed from a smartphone

[@jimcrelm9478]

@@J117-t2g not sure what point you are trying to make here

[@tosehoed123]

Really 😅

[@Cafferssss]

Tyre wall is king 👌🏻 Recycling if nothing else 🤷‍♂️

[@Cafferssss]

Gater Rater belted tyre wall should fix that.

[@genedrakes686]

I just had a few feet of grass and a row of tires 3 high. That was for karting. Got hit one day by a kart that spun in the rain. Was about 2 steps slow walking backwards. Stupid me forgot the kart rain tires useless on grass! Thankfully safety has improved overall in racing.

[@dakotabalboa3322]

*tire*

[@zackhughes7878]

Titre walls no safer barrier yes

[@MarkHanford]

@@dakotabalboa3322 not everyone lives in America. "Tyre" is correct everywhere else.

[@lePierre1860]

*Opening up laptop to work on assignment* *sees ChainBear video* ......alriiiiiight then

[@gracefool]

lePierre1860 why did you go to KZbin to work on your assignment?

[@lePierre1860]

Safe to say, wasn't the smartest thing to stop procrastination. I'm with you on this one.

[@gracefool]

still here tho :p

[@thepodcastcrew1113]

I just finished school doing higher physics and this was a great video to watch thank you!

[@benhoresh9122]

Whenever talking about track safety I think about Imola 94'. Think what would have happened if the entire track and especially the corner that senna crashed in were safer. 2 drivers killed and one heavily injured. On a 200 mph sport crashes will always happen. Everyone were trying to figure out why senna crashed. The real question is why did he need to die by that crash.

[@azarisLP]

Lethal accidents in modern motorsports seem to fall in a couple of categories: - head injury from flying debris (Ayrton Senna, Justin Wilson) - basilar skull fracture due to sudden deceleration in a head-on collision (Roland Ratzenberger, Dale Earnhardt, Adam Petty, Kenny Irwin Jr.) - catastrophic monocoque/roll cage failure (Gilles Villeneuve, Gordon Smiley) - fire (Ricardo Paletti) - head injury from contact with an obstacle such as catch fencing pole or concrete barrier (Jules Bianchi, Jeff Krosnoff, Greg Moore, Dan Wheldon) The first category might be reduced by the Halo, although I suspect we will see freak accidents still claim lives occasionally. The second category has been greatly dimished by the HANS device. The third category has been addressed by better car construction and SAFER barriers. The fourth category has been almost eliminated by better track marshaling, fuel cells, and flame-retardant driving suits.

[@youtubeonly439]

You have a very, very vague definition of "modern motorsports" when you're mentioning fatalities from a timespan of almost 40 years. Plus, deaths caused by fire certainly aren't a regular part of modern motorsports anymore.

[@jsquared1013]

KZbin Only most of those are within the last two decades.

[@hristoitchov]

azarisLP Jules Bianchi didn't in fact hit anything with his helmet, it was the sudden deceleration which caused his brain to suffer severe injuries.

[@nadavm.6843]

@@azarisLP I agree with you, but I assume that you consider the front right tyre of Ayrton's Williams to be flying debris, that clunked him over the head which was the cause of his death. It's a technicality, but the wheel was still connected to the car by a suspension strut. This isn't me saying your wrong, it's only a technicality.

[@daliborzak2485]

Tecpro: "I'm the most advanced crash barrier out there!" Pastor Maldonado: "Ehm, hold my beer..."

[@blueshift7320]

This makes it even more insane that Kenny Brack survived a 200+G impact in Indycar. Great video as always mate, so happy to see your channel growing!

[@Jordan51203]

Can you make a video talking about what a track needs to be FIA Grade 1?

[@daviernest4892]

Jordan 51203 Agree!

[@Jordan51203]

The main reason I want this topic for a video is because I want to know why tracks like Phillip Island (FIA Grade 3), Zandvoort (FIA Grade 2) and The Bend (FIA Grade 2) are below Grade 1 even though they seem to have enough runoff and safety barriers

[@claycopter]

What about why Monte-Carlo and Albert Park are FIA Grade 1?

[@Ralesong]

I think that the video could actually talk about Grades 1-3, so the full picture and context could be presented.

[@Jordan51203]

KG_Ralesong That's what I meant with my second comment

[@Nikhilus_yadavus]

Not even a f1 fan but found the video so interesting. Great work.

[@ricq]

7:57 “a tire wall, in its enTIREty” 😄

[@soufiankoraichi]

So well made video. As a physic and f1 fan I love these videos

[@blasphem1a]

Its always good to have your daily dose of knowledge. What a Lovely day!

[@adamturner4619]

Came back to this video after Romain crash

[@RonnieAttema]

Great video, very informative Sadly they still dont strap tyre barriers togheter on all circuits. A few weeks ago a race truck managed to hit a tyre wall at the exit of T1, making it flip over, but also taking the whole barrier with him, the tyres were all over the place after that

[@rgarlinyc]

I *never* thought I could love F1 *more* ...... until I discovered this channel!👊

[@mdrlhighlights7076]

Anyone here after Romain’s huge crash

[@zhuofengho7325]

Grosjean"s crash was special cuz he ran into a guard barrier at high speed

[@seadeer923]

Btw that crash was 56g

[@tonyamartin4913]

Yes I’m commenting 2 weeks after Grosjean’s horrific crash and astonishing survival, literally walking out of the flames into the arms of the world class first responders. Relatively new fan of F1 (3 years) and probably my favorite thing about it is the NASA-like cutting edge engineering; the safety features and measures always improving. That along with this young man’s brilliant moves made all the difference between what could have been a terrible tragedy; instead the world watched nothing short of a miracle.

[@sinyo06]

Yea

[@Master_122]

Glad that it was on a side were there was no public also glad that Romain is ok, that crash is a good testimony in how safe F1 has turned, but stills not safe enough.

[@andcunsan]

I have never thought how much engineering is underlying a simple F1 barreir. I thought they are just a bunch of tires to absorb impact or sheets of bent metal in guard rails ( you have also shown the aplication of Gauss' Equations of Plate Theory, indeed a professor wouldn't never tell it in Solid Mechanics class) . Instead there are intesting engineering Solutions. You are a F1 Encyclopedia. 👏👏

[@marek9784]

Great video as usual! Maybe you could do a video on how the cars protect the driver next, interested to find out about how the chassis/nose (crumble zone) absorbs the impact as well, while keeping the driver safe!

[@Rich14Richy]

This is incredible! How do you know so much lol? Wouldnt be surprised if F1 came knocking they need your content!

[@Renee_R343]

Have you ever heard of the term "research"? Plus I bet if he's into f1 and technically inclined most of it is basic knowledge for him just from years of contact with the sport.

[@Votlon]

You must be real fun at parties Renee

[@Homanjer]

David Allen If you think talking about f1 barriers on a party is a good idea then youre the one whos not very fun to be around. And if you assumed that this one sentence gave you enough information to know how this guys general interaction with other humans is, then you are one stupid human being

[@Rafay__Hadi]

@@Homanjer from a compliment to a fight. The internet everyone.

[@nocturnal_sushi]

@@Homanjer wow. Just wow

[@commentator232]

This guy deserves atleast a million. The amount of effort that goes into these videos is astonishing. His animations are great, and he is excellent at explaining them. He's improved so much since his beggining, and i've been watching for ages. Cheers mate!

[@chainbear]

Sorry I accidentally deleted someone's comment on SAFER barriers!

[@danielo7985]

10/10 m8

[@jeffreyhueseman7061]

Considering the design was built for a slower, but more massive vehicle, it does well on the North American circuits.

[@Finallybianca]

Safer Barriers were developed right here in Lincoln Nebraska.

[@ethanroebuck7203]

Jeffrey Hueseman frankly, safer barriers were designed more specifically for IndyCar, seeing as they were developed mainly at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, which are more comparable to f1 cars when it comes to crash physics. But i would say its probably the second biggest modern safety innovation after the HANS device. I almost hate to think of the drivers that wouldn’t be here without the safer barriers. But back to the point, they add more foam inserts for nascar events as, like you said, they are heavier cars. For Indycar events they remove pretty much half of the inserts.

[@sideslick1024]

Actually, SAFER barriers were designed for Indycars, which are only slightly heavier than a typical F1 car, but (on average) travel at much higher speeds. NASCAR adopted the design, and now it's found at tracks all over the USA, as well as international tracks such as Le Mans (in the Porsche Curves) and Baku (entering the pit-straight), among others.

[@TRRailfan]

I knew nothing about F1 and I got one of this guy’s videos recommended, now I’m watching all of them

[@kaba0444]

7:13 "... but for MAXimum..." Oh i see what you did there ;)

[@shadowwsk3507]

Yeah im thinking about that

[@andythespy]

Max Verstappen 😂😂😂

[@mikespearwood3914]

@@andythespy *Max Crashstappen

[@glovesandsteeringwheel8222]

@@mikespearwood3914 funny

[@user54321ytfo_]

Your knowledge is incredible you deserve to be recognized by the f1 community!! Well done

[@blathers_13]

This is actually surprisingly relevant to my A Level Physics currently haha, thanks for the help with it ☺️ (also helps me understand what's going on in my lessons without all of the complicated words 😄) Love the videos man, so good 👌

[@anirudhdasari69]

I love this guy! He's got a lot of concept and also, he explains it in a very simple and understandable way.

[@raywei8472]

There's a movie called "1" it talks a lot about how much safety has improved in formula 1

[@RendiRetnandito29]

you my friend, need more recognition in youtube, your content is amazing!

[@clowitty]

Where's IntoTheBarrier? This would be his video!

[@ciaranreed91]

Yeah. Please let ITB test all of these on F1 2017!

[@hvymtal8566]

Honorable mention should go to SAFER Barriers. While F1 doesn't run on road course ovals anymore for the time being, it has become a very popular upgrade for existing concrete barriers, and has been required for any NASCAR course and by extension any IndyCar oval or roval for some time. What you basically have is the existing concrete barrier, a stack of hollow rectangular steel tubes on the outside, and polystyrene foam spacers in between at regular intervals. Hence, Steel And Foam Energy Reduction, SAFER. It's a cheap and easy-to-install upgrade on existing tracks where installing guard rails isn't feasible due to end wall strength requirements which led to concrete being used in the first place, and holds its form well with relatively minimal deformation while absorbing a large portion of the crash energy, compared to pure concrete which can deform against the vehicle, with the resulting dent torqueing the chassis and causing a violent spin, not unlike how tire barriers could do so prior to the outer fence. SAFER also has the advantage of being inexpensive, easy to install, and only taking up an additional 1m of runoff or track space in standard form. What it is not good at is absorbing very high-energy, more perpendicular impacts. Tire barriers work much better here since they can deform much more, but it is still a better alternative to just a plain concrete wall, especially for fast corners.

[@chewbacca2492]

Great job on the video! You deserve way more subscribers for the amount of effort you put into each vid!

[@MrMartinAlmighty]

Honestly never knew F1 was so interesting until I started watching your videos. Thank you for making such a cool subject so accessible!

[@ecksoal]

This was extremely interesting to learn about, you don’t hear much about these barriers on the tv

[@Dan-uy2ld]

This video is really relevant after today's incident!

[@maxpower892]

I exepected maldonado to be in this video, not dissapointed

[@TheKincognito]

Max Power A Video about Safety in F1 will always contain a (honorable) mention of Maldonado. That Guy will be a Meme for a long Time xD

[@guilemaigre14]

+1 for referencing Douglas Adams ! Great video, as always.

[@CallMeMarex]

Thanks for the video. I do like the new ending. Looks great. Maybe turn down the volume at the end just a tiny little bit to make it more "enjoyable" after your voice (which is a bit quieter). But nevertheless: Keep on going, you are on the right track! :)

[@bahrainiapple3458]

Im not that much of a fan of racing, but I started watching this video and it made me realize how complex the racing platform is. Ur vids just make me love racing more and more

[@StruggleGaming]

F1 should invest in the safer barrier for straights being as they have a great track record in NASCAR and they're meant for glancing blows like concrete on straights but then also give way and flex like a guard rail, and if they can perform well for a heavy NASCAR doing 204MPH they can handle a tiny F1 doing 200KPH

[@TheGrundigg]

Nascar is shit.

[@HighlandCall]

SAFER barriers were originally designed for Indycars though which are probably the closest thing to F1 cars when it comes to the speeds involved in crashes and they are comparatively similar cars so you'd expect them to work pretty well. They aren't perfect and things like tyre barriers and tecpro soft walls are better when you have a bit of runoff but in places where you have no room to extend runoff and you don't want to change the track (like Montreal as you said: they also use SAFER barriers in Baku and Interlagos as well as at Le Mans in the Porsche curves) then the SAFER barrier is the best technology available and vastly better than a concrete wall or armco. Indeed NASCAR originally wanted Indianapolis to take the original SAFER barrier down at Indianapolis for the stock car races since they were sceptical about whether or not it would work: the Speedway fought and it remained up and then NASCAR realised its effectiveness and the rest was history - and naturally NASCAR took the credit for the thing that they hadn't put any money into the development of.

[@chainbear]

Struggle Gaming I cut the section I'd written on SAFER barriers but I there are very few sections of track where they'd be that useful in f1 I think. In Canada you don't bit the barriers square on enough to warrant them imho. They take up a lot of track space, don't forget

[@HighlandCall]

they've replaced some of the steel guardrails with them this year and it sounds like they plan to replace the remainder with SAFER walls once the remaining armco needs replaced in a gradual way. Sure they don't need them for most of the track but its something to consider if you are replacing barriers - there are ways to install SAFER in the same amount of space as a regular concrete or steel barrier would use. Generally they shouldn't rush to replace the concrete barriers with them since like you say they generally wouldn't be useful - although recent years in Indycar and NASCAR have seen tracks have the same mentality and then freak accidents have happened involving the remaining exposed concrete walls they have which have either caused injuries (Kyle Busch at Daytona a few years ago) or got lucky so maybe that's the wrong mentality. Although like you say in the vast majority of cases there are better things you can use: the SAFER barrier was designed for the unique problems that oval racing pose and the need to have barriers that can absorb energy as well as deflecting cars in the same way that a normal concrete barrier can and for road racing you often don't have to do both of those things at once.

[@jsquared1013]

Chain Bear F1 SAFER barriers use up less space than TecPro or a tire wall. Nice videos, by the way! Keep 'em coming 😊

[@whistlehead9876]

Crisp clean and to the point, always a pleasure to watch

[@f1sherman52]

SAFER barrier. an amazing piece of equipment used for concrete walls

[@SamnissArandeen]

The steel skin works to avoid bouncing a shallow collision back into traffic and frictionally stops the car, like a concrete wall, but with crushable foam blocks to absorb head-on impacts. Simple yet ingenious!

[@Kudatr]

Truly brilliant video. I could not have seen how such a detailed, well thought out and informative video on crash barrier technology could be put together until this. Love your channel, keep 'em coming.

[@freeski919]

Chain Bear: "Guard rails are highly effective in MOST crashes" Romain Grosjean: "hold my beer"

[@lmao7439]

Guard rails are terrible if a car is coming at an angle more than 25 degrees

[@johnmccrossan9376]

1:54 thank God he clarified that, I thought he was talking about f1 barriers in NASCAR

[@serious4093]

Maximum versatility, it’s important to keep my fav safe 👍🏻

[@Jake_Connellan_71]

Hi Chainbear! I'm currently in my penultimate year at school in the UK and I am writing my EPQ (Extended Project Qualification) on the evolution of safety in Formula 1 over the past half-century. This video was both incredibly informative and very helpful. Thank you so much for the time, research and effort that you put into these videos. Hope you have a great winter break!

[@Dat1ScrubLord]

“Let’s spend thousands on design and saving lives” One dude not paying attention at the safety meeting: “hehe tire”

[@neithere]

Did not expect 10 minutes to pass so quickly. Thank you, sir, for an excellent story.

[@nayaazhashim5539]

When you think you watching an F1 video, but really you revising for your Physics Exam next week.

[@thatguytom2271]

This is by far the most fun way to revise for my a level physics finals next week. Love your content chain bear, keep it up

[@porkimond]

Do we have a video where Maldonado is NOT mentioned when we are talking about crashes in F1? I think not.

[@draconicdusk5911]

I love these videos, teachers should use some of them in physics classes too, it's great to have real life examples

[@chevyjansen4880]

7:10 that pun is just so bad, but very hilarious

[@HarryTaylor91]

Good video. Im our two wheeled world we had an amazing barrier come onto track in the 90s called "Rectocel" it stops a bike/rider softly without a recoil effect bouncing both back out on to the track.

[@wokelikeamf3616]

This got recommend to me after Max Verstappen's crash at the British GP

[@fransisrld]

And again I am blown away! Amazing video as always!

[@Heisenburger-_-]

Who's here after Grosjean's crash at Bahrain GP 2020

[@SilkyFIFA]

Brilliant yet again! Really hope F1 take notice of what your doing and get in touch. I particularly loved the Pizza analogy

[@bunce888]

only Maldonado can crash that bad

[@marcoroberts9462]

Matt Ball Bonsai Grosjean: hold my beer

[@charamia9402]

@@marcoroberts9462 Not sure how to judge the aging of this...

[@MayanMountainInc]

As a non race fan I didn't think this video would be very entertaining but it really is! Thank you!

[@Smonserratm]

Maldonado mentioned in a crash barrier technology video. Check.

[@mihailkondov4773]

For some reason I thought the video would be about safety features on the cars themselves. That would be very interesting to see as well.

[@akashdodda]

Got this recommended after verstappen crash at Silverstone

[@SARTHAXBEATZ]

Haha same, YT sure knows how to get views

[@SataySauceSG]

This is a tremendously accessible video that describes in layman terms what measures we put in place for circuit safety. Thank you very much, from the Singapore Grand Prix. :)

[@nicholassteyn4211]

Recommended after Romains Bahrain crash

[@neromastic4512]

I did saw some tests for Roller Guard rails. A guard rail that has a Plastic ball in the middle that Rolls the vehicle when a impact occurs. Making the vehicle take less damage and keep the forward momentum. Now these were designed for cars. But can also be added for F1.

[@heylolp9]

Have a nice day everyone

[@joseph-ow1hf]

This is another reason I love F1. Everything is an engineering challenge.

[@bigsmoke9935]

9:53 listen to that a bit out of context.. i had quite a laugh

[@csmith9684]

I love this video and subject. Tires....wow so useful in so many ways

[@PragmaticAntithesis]

Watching this after Bahrain 2020.

[@robostain_9722]

Wow, I never knew that so much science and engineering was involved into something as seemingly simple as crash barriers.

[@JeroenSteinfort]

Last time I was this early Verstappen was still in P20

[@Isti115]

The quality of videos on this channel are amazing! I wasn't even that interested in Formula 1, but after watching a few I am now subscribed. :D

[@AngryGooseChieftain]

So THAT'S why Maldonado is still alive

[@siddharthshekher1101]

May be the most informative piece of information I came across this morning. What an amazing explanation.

[@sjoseph001]

Hi there, thanks for a great video. I always wonder whether Senna would have been saved by a tyre wall. He went straight into a concrete wall on Tamburello, and it's not like others hadn't crashed there before at very high speed, Gerhard Berger and Nelson Piquet for example. Would be grateful for your thoughts on this. Other viewers comments also invited.

[@zachogdahl210]

Sanjay Joseph it wasnt the shock from the impact that killed him it was a tie rod from the suspension that came up and whacked him in the helmet. Had he hit the wall a couple degrees left or right he would still be with us today

[@sjoseph001]

Zach, I do agree with the cause of death, that is immutable. The coroner noted that there were three severe injuries to the brain, all due to the wheel coming off, but might a tyre wall prevented the wheel from breaking off in the first place?

[@jsquared1013]

Sanjay Joseph suspension arms break with tire barrier impacts as well. What likely could have saved Senna was wheel tethers, which is why they were mandated shortly after the accident. (A Halo likely would have done the trick as well, maybe even the higher cockpit sides we have today... which were also introduced after the Senna tragedy). Additionally, there really isn't any way to fit much of a barrier there without making it narrow like a street circuit. Even before the '94 GP, people looked into the possibility of pushing the wall back further, but there is a creek behind it that is a pretty immovable limit for the architects and engineers.

[@orsomethingorno]

I think a tyre barrier -- with a belt in front of it -- would have been better in the case of Senna's crash, though I think the best solution (at the time) would have been to move the concrete wall inwards to the track's edge, moving outwards again to take all available space on corner exit -- as the video comments here, runoff increases the angle of impact and Senna definitely left the track at a much shallower angle than he struck the wall at, even though he did slow down by the time he got to the wall. The same solution could have saved Ratzenberger a few hundred metres down the road, where the small amount of runoff at the kink was just enough to massively increase the angle of impact. With modern innovations you would be able to have SAFER barriers on these corners also.

[@fiftylaren]

I absolutly love your Videos, keep up the good work and thanks for your awesome F1 related content

[@thonolon]

Bet this will get a lot of hits today

[@Vilbe]

Great and very well made video as always!

[@ritermaster]

Real title = "How max is still alive??"

[@lovelyjoyheyres443]

I did replay the vid a lof of times. Put on headphones to clearly hear every bit. 😆 That's a lot of Physics and science! Thanks for this 💚

[@daanstam6697]

Maldonado probably would have been Able to curve a concrete wall if he kept on racing 😂

[@Henry14arsenal2007]

This channel is a newly-discovered goldmine for me.

[@TheQuangle21]

7:13 I see what you did there

[@ReiverR]

Love the outro! Your production get's more and more professional with every video :D

[@0MyChannel0]

6:20 who is that pokemon? lol

[@jonathanpalmer155]

I've yet to watch one of your brilliantly-presented videos and not come away having learned something new!

[@remystern7818]

Who’s else is here after Romain almost died

[@RageousMode]

Great job! I know you were only covering F1 but the Steel and Foam Energy Reduction Barrier (SAFER Barrier) from Indycar/NASCAR on ovals would have been a nice bit as well. Great engineering in that application.

[@antagony98]

*Romain Grosjean liked this*

[@ubxoldier]

Man, this video deserves an Oscar. Incredible.

[@emmacrowley5383]

who’s here after Grosjeans Bahrain crash

[@LochieGP]

Can see why google is showing you the armco ads. Great vid as always mate