A Wild Lecture with James Hitchmough, Professor of Horticultural Ecology

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I think the main reason for the lack of middle layer of the canopy in cities is due to safety reasons, large shrubs blocked views, and those dark places are where crimes happen. After all, landscape in cities is not designed for maximum biodiversity, it serves as an infrastructure function, just like blocks or concerts in cities, no wonder these clipped monospecies shrubs are called the green concert in China, a totally lifeless green desert.