Al Kooper: The Making of Bob Dylan's Blonde on Blonde / The Record That Changed Nashville

Belmont University, Nashville, TN: On March 13, 2012, Belmont professor/ entertainment attorney, Mark H. Maxwell, moderated a discussion with Al Kooper at Belmont University's Quonset Hut (known as Columbia's Studio "B" in the 1960's) - part of the same building complex which housed Columbia's Studio "A" (where Blonde On Blonde was recorded).
The seminar was in conjunction with Maxwell's course "Bob Dylan: His Songs, Prophetic Voice & Influence on American Music and Culture" offered at Belmont University's Mike Curb College of Entertainment and Music Business / curbcollege .
Al Kooper is one of the most influential musicians, songwriters, and producers of the 20th century. Although Kooper boasts incredible credentials from his fifty-year music career, he is most famous for his work with the legendary singer-songwriter Bob Dylan.
In June 1965, Al Kooper played the trademark organ riff on Bob Dylan's recording of Like A Rolling Stone - #1 on Rolling Stone Magazine's Greatest Songs of all Time List. Al was in the band at Bob Dylan's controversial debut electric performance at the Newport Folk Festival in July 1965 - #5 on Rolling Stone Magazine's List of 50 Moments that Changed the History of Rock & Roll.
In March 1966 (46 years ago last week), Al played organ on Dylan's Blonde on Blonde album in Nashville. Most all critics and rock publications put Blonde On Blonde in the Top 10 albums of all time - many put it at #1. Plus, most in the Nashville music community would agree that the stamp Dylan put on Nashville by making his records here from 1966-69 opened up Nashville as a legitimate place to make records to the rest of the pop music world.
Al also founded Blood Sweat and Tears - a group that creatively founded a hybrid genre that came to be known as "jazz-rock". Al masterminded the classic blues recording - the Super Session album with Mike Bloomfield and Stephen Stills. He discovered, developed and produced Lynyrd Skynyrd's first 3 albums, including the classic tracks Sweet Home Alabama and Free Bird.
Al played on records and performed with The Rolling Stones, B. B. King, The Who, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, George Harrison, Tom Petty, Chuck Berry, Ray Charles and many others.
In 1973, Belmont first established a music business program designed to prepare students for operational, administrative, creative and technical careers in the music industry. The program grew in both size and reputation, leading to the advent of the full Mike Curb College of Entertainment and Music Business in 2003.
Currently home to more than 2,700 undergraduates with majors in music business, audio engineering technology, entertainment industry studies, sport administration, songwriting, media studies and motion pictures, Curb College boasts an impressive faculty of academic scholars and authors, entrepreneurs, songwriters, producers, journalists, filmmakers, sound and recording engineers and entertainment executives. The college serves as a world leader in music business and entertainment industry education and is the only freestanding college of its kind.
#CurbCollege #BelmontUniversity

[@VelocityWriting]

Kooper is a rare guy. Talented, cool, and humble. Nice combination.

[@davidrice3337]

He doesn't have to be humble - one of the few - but he is and this is why I think so highly of Mr Kooper -

[@danielafreedman]

Blonde on Blonde is my favorite Dylan album too. Hauntingly beautiful!

[@blackeyedlily]

Listening to this after celebrating Dylan’s 80th birthday a few days ago. I will be 59 this year and Dylan has been my favorite artist for at least half of my life. It was fun to hear these recollections about creating such an iconic album.

[@davec6146]

What a life to live! It never cease to amaze me; how many times the name of Al Kooper comes up in Rock N Roll history.

[@justinherbert9146]

Al's Hammond B-3 organ playing on those initial Dylan tracks he played on had a huge impact on the sound of those recordings -- huge - and it was not only the sound but more importantly what Al played, which he thought up on his own and created, he was not reading charts or told what parts to play - he played on instinct and feel. Magical stuff!

[@johnmichaelson9173]

As much as I love Highway 61 I've a love hate relationship with Al Kooler simply because I've had to lug so many bloody Hammond Organs & Lesley speakers up & downstairs all because of Al. If only there had been a Farfisa in the studio when they were making Highway 61.🙂

[@justinherbert9146]

@@johnmichaelson9173 If Al had played a Farfisa organ on those Dylan tracks they would have sounded like some serious cheese and Bobby would have nixed it - guaranteed

[@johnmichaelson9173]

@@justinherbert9146 Yeah, I thought you'd obviously realise it was a joke.

[@jnagarya519]

He followed Dylan's lead as put in the song. He "faked" it, which is no big deal for a seasoned musician.

[@catdaddy3302]

Blonde On Blonde is one of my favorite of all time albums. Some of it is metaphysical. 🤠

[@yccmzimmy]

What a genuine persone! I really loved this interview!

[@pgrabar]

Let's not forget Al's time with the Blues Project, mid-60s.

[@johntechwriter]

Al Kooper never got the recognition he deserved, either as an accompanist or as a writer and performer. The first Blood Sweat and Tears album, which he mostly wrote, remains my favorite record of the '60s. (And yes, I'm aware they kicked him out afterward.) He was a session man on both guitar and keyboards, an indication of his talent and pure musicianship. Remember that little organ lick in Like a Rolling Stone? It brought the whole song together. In like manner his contributions in the background helped others achieve stardom and added to the legacy of American music. I hope he lives and works for many years to come.

[@gringo557]

Great interview. Thank you Al Kooper . . . I love your stories!

[@jamesbradshaw3389]

I once got to see Al Kooper playing on stage with Rory Gallaher for the full concert on St Patricks Day 1980 at the Lyceum in Old London Town. After this show Rory and Al then moved onto The Venue, to play a two hour after party show together. I was sure that they were going to blow the roof off the building with the power coming off the stage, one of the very best concrete I got to see

[@jnagarya519]

"Ain't it just like the night to play Tricks when you're trying to be so quiet". That -- "Visions of Johanna" -- is a 4 a.m. song.

[@jeffclement2468]

I was hoping he'd mention that one! 🎵" All night girls...whisper of escapades out on the D-train...😎🌹

[@user-cy6sw9oh6o]

It is awesome to see Al!! I used to hang out with him in Atlanta. Since there were no cell phones, we lost touch with each other. I have regretted that for many years. He is a great and interesting guy!! I am thankful to see him doing so well. I read that his health has been challenging. One of the last times I saw him, he was playing with Dylan, and for some reason, I had to wait in the hotel room 😅. If anyone can pass a message along, please tell him hello from Barbara in Atlanta!

[@randalmcmurphy1893]

WHAT A WONDERFUL INTERVIEW. tHANK YOU AL!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@georgeesau3943]

If I had to pick only one album to listen to for the rest of my life, it would be Blonde on Blonde.

[@lolantui]

Yup

[@cbstanfo8314]

nah blood on the tracks

[@Babeiloveyouso]

Me too oh wait a minute blood on the tracks

[@cbstanfo8314]

@@Babeiloveyouso buckets of rain luv it ..i have recorded that myself

[@MrEdkern]

I saw dylan november 12,1965 at the cleveland music hall and a few months later blond on blond came out. I thought highway 61 was a masterpiece untill I heard blond on blond. Sad eyed lady of the lowland is my favorite song along with sooner or later one of must know. I met dylan on july17,1991 . He was very nice to me and walked up to me and greeted me with a handshake. I was drunk for a week.

[@paulie56il]

Could have listened to Al reminisce for hours more, great stuff & I'm sure he doesn't remember but we chatted outside the stage door at Liverpool 96 after one of the Dylan gigs there, as it happens 2 of the best Dylan gigs I've ever seen:)!

[@johndaniels1923]

the keyboard work on sad eyed lady of the lowlands is amazing

[@viviandarkbloom100]

You would almost imagine Bob planned it exactly the way it ended with him singing It's All Over Now Baby Blue as an adieu to the Folk crowd.

[@bobmcmackin1270]

I was at Newport and also never understood when people said Dylan was booed. In the section I was in the crowd went crazy in a positive way.

[@jnagarya519]

And they weren't complaining about the length of the set, becuase they didn't know anything about it. "Paul Butterfield Blues Band" -- an electric band -- played that Sunday afternoon for an hour, and no one complained. Pete Seeger had it in for Dylan because he and the Left thought that they owned him, and he'd moved beyond protest song. Maria Muldaur has a different take than does Al Kooper. And she was also there.

[@keepingitrandom]

Kooper's an invaluable source & irreplaceable talent !

[@kevinpatrickmacnutt]

I would like to hear Al talk about some of his on solo albums from the early 70's, all of which are fantastic.

[@georgepeel7469]

i want you is my all time favorit too and yes that organ in the back is what i heard and loved, thanks Al

[@frankny4947]

Al was one of the luckiest guys in rock and roll history..Bob Dylans Highway 61, and Blonde On Blonde? Some of Dylan's best stuff. And Lynyrd Skynyrd's first 2 albums. And the great Super Session album 1968 with Mike Bloomfield...Unreal

[@tenisalot]

Blood, Sweat, and Tears

[@benmeltzer]

"You Can't Always Get What You Want"

[@robertleelucas]

Lucky? Perhaps you're expressing envy, me too. Luck is helpful but hard work, perseverance, and brains is what.

[@reteipdevries]

50 Years ago today 'Highway 61 Revisited' was released.

[@reteipdevries]

+reteipdevries The world would never be the same

[@michaelcelani8325]

That was one change that was for the good, for once....

[@terryarehart7016]

I love hearing Al’s stories , I’d like to meet him and ask him a million questions !

[@lenisaacs5978]

visions of johanna and sad eyed lady of the lowlands reminds me of when i was in vietnam in 66

[@murderhill1947]

The question posed was "do you have a favorite track on that album?" and what came to my mind immediately was "Stuck Inside of Mobile With The Memphis Blues Again". It's my nominal most favorite song of all time and the primary sound in my head that they call an ear worm nowadays. He took a minute to answer but boom, there it was Memphis... Grandpa died last week And now he's buried in the rocks But everybody still talks about how Badly they were shocked But me, I expected it to happen I knew he'd lost control When (garbled) he built a fire on Main Street And shot it full of holes That refrain goes off in my head at all times of the day and this is 53 years after I first heard that song. I sometimes think, just a young jewish kid, clever for sure and capable of writing some profound stuff but on Blond on Blond, there was a flavor of having some fun along the way and I think this song was a lark. But you never know, maybe there is some esoteric meaning buried somewhere inside those lyrics about ragmen, debutants, stolen post offices, stapled headlines and so much more. Some commentary that I have read along the way about the meaning of this song implies that Dylan was referencing older songs by WC Handy, an early bluesman and that could be true but I think he was just trying to be funny or clever, cause that was his nature so take your pick. Kooper was deep in the middle of a lot of music back then but I never thought of him as a musical talent, still he was accomplished and beyond. Listen to him talk about Blumfield and know that he recognized genuine talent when he saw it back then. To compound this thought, I have heard that Blumfield was intimidated by Hendrix's talent at Monterey. I met I met his parents once at a Catskill mountain resort hotel where I was a waiter in the dinning room. Big whoop, I know.

[@RogerSteinbrinkh2oBrother]

It's Bloomfield, btw.

[@murderhill1947]

@@RogerSteinbrinkh2oBrother I see that...sorry

[@jackwalker1822]

Stuck inside of Mobile is such a unique song only Dylan could come up with that. When they first asked Al about which song stuck out I guessed correctly that one. Although really there are so many good songs on that album it is hard to say what is the best. To me that is the most shall I say catchy. I only saw Dylan in concert once in the mid 70's and I thought the best song at that was Just Like a Woman.

[@MrRhmccabe]

Whenever we hear You can't always get what you Want,it's Al Kooper playing the French horn at the very beginning

[@carlbennaton9840]

stayed up for days in the Chelsea hotel writing sad eye lady of the lowlands for you

[@pierpaderniastory6181]

Love it!!! Thanks so much!

[@levistubbs8949]

Al seems to be a really nice guy, great musician as well !

[@zogger5281]

Very good. Al is amazing!

[@sohooded]

Love you Al Kooper.

[@cdshull]

Every single school day my junior year, the first thing I did was put on "Brand New Day" on my record player as loud as my dad would allow 😆.

[@captbanjo1]

I usually grab a couple of minutes of these types of videos on youtube but this was just too good to not watch in its entirety!

[@johntechwriter]

captacoustic Right on. He had the inside dope on who was up to what during the golden age of American music. Who could resist watching Kooper dish it out?

[@michaelcelani8325]

KLooper under rates himself

[@michaelcelani8325]

Stupid spell check messed that up.!! Kooper is way better than he says ..singing on Season of the Witch is good forever. Organ playing always TOP notch ...+ producing too.

[@user-wy4pw1pu2x]

Most definitely on my list to ❤

[@ivannio4783]

Super interview

[@7beers]

"I refuse to tell that story." Great way to kick off an interview.

[@anonymas1582]

"journalism is the reason [history]'s a flawed subject" great comment

[@jnagarya519]

Journalism is the raw data of history. Otherwise they aren't the same thing -- keep in mind that Al Kooper is neither a journalist nor an historian.

[@michaelcelani8325]

J. Niagara ...drop dead you moron. .journalists are incompetent fools who can not get any other job. And they make stuff up to "make a good story".. That is called puffery.

[@ragqueen]

yes, i agree with the person below...what the hell is with the sound? thanks for posting whoever posted this. fantastic!

[@edhalfen7380]

Don't forget Super Session!

[@jnagarya519]

@Penumbra The only worthwhile "Blood, Sweat & Tears" LP is the first, "Child is Father to the Man," which he produced and performed on. After that -- after he left -- the band shat.

[@michaelcelani8325]

Yes Ed. ...my favorite LP . is Super Session

[@alanriley9621]

@@jnagarya519 you sound like a know-it-all.

[@jnagarya519]

@@alanriley9621 In other words you disagree. But being incapable of objectivity and communicating in mature terms, you engage in personal attack. After the first "Blood, Sweat and Tears" LP, and after Al Kooper left, the band SHAT.

[@jnagarya519]

"Norwegian Wood" was recorded and released in 1965. "Blonde on Blonde" was released in 1966. Dylan influenced the Beatles, especially Lennon -- but "Norwegian Wood" was a kind of writing Lennon had been doing since childhood. And it was Lennon who told Dylan, "Get a fooking band!"

[@dylanthompson8511]

I believe he's saying that Dylan had showed him while the two were hanging out which could've been anytime 64 or after, the rough draft of a song that inspired Lennons Norwegian Wood. Who knows though.

[@jnagarya519]

@@dylanthompson8511 Lennon was writing like that AS A CHILD because inspired by Lewis Carroll's _Allice in Wonderland_ and especially the poem "Jabberwocky". See Lennon's _In His Own Write_ -- short-short stories and poems that were already written before Dylan, and even before "The Beatles" became famous. And of the song Lennon said it was a way to write about an affair so the wife wouldn't know.

[@ArtofDreaming1]

the title of his book is"Backstage passes and backstabbing bastards"

[@alanriley9621]

It's a fun read and a must if you are a fan of Al Kooper or his music.

[@BarbarasUrates]

Rolling Stone goes on and on about the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper, but Blonde on Blonde is just so much better. I just don't understand.

[@Flash023]

Highway has some great iconic songs on it, plus it was a totally new sound. Desolation Row Stone stand out. I love blond, too, perhaps just as much or more. It’s the album just before Dylan’s cycle accident.

[@brentnoury7626]

No it isn't. Agree to disagree. Both are great tho.

[@tomquinn607]

I love Highway 61 and Blonde on Blonde. But Sgt. Peppers was a musical mile stone in rock and roll.

[@michele-33]

@@tomquinn607, Too bad George Martin, his son & others were responsible for the musical compositions, playing most of the instruments & studio production. I don't like it better than B on B and they couldn't play Sgt Pepper live if they tried. Have a beautiful day 🍃

[@jnagarya519]

"The Beatles" kicked the door down, which made the way for Dylan. And "Sgt. Pepper" is much more adventurous musically.

[@jude999]

Wow. Interesting. Their playing on Maggie's Farm is on fire. Can't believe he is embarrassed.

[@fmyou62]

Not that there'd be any reason at all to doubt him, but it's absolutely true that it's tricky to switch on a Hammond organ.

[@jnagarya519]

Dylan's Newport "reading" of "Like a Rolling Stone" is superb -- superior in at least some lines to the studio version.

[@pete3883]

Fantastic

[@MrRhmccabe]

.....would have liked to hear him talk about Mike Bloomfield,they were best friends

[@thermionic1234567]

At the very end, there was mention about a "scanner for credit." I guess that was some kind of sign-in? I cannot possibly imagine what it would be like to of the mindset to have to be forced to go to such an event!

[@seanfallon3071]

+Jeffrey Morrissey I was here - believe me, none of us were forced to go! Belmont University requires students to attend seminars (discussion, speeches) every semester. They just included this as one of the seminars students could choose to attend.

[@georgescheffler5249]

lucky you. you got the meat.

[@franksmildyears7323]

Best video on youtube

[@romanclay1913]

"But to live outside the law you must be honest." --------ABSOLUTELY SWEET MARIE

[@RobynMichaels1]

This is music history.

[@sirsurfalot2012]

Beautiful story about the trombone player.

[@Thevoiceofreason84]

Blonde on blonde my favourite album

[@cusab69]

Amazing.

[@dyskover]

the story I heard recently, was that Al Kooper went to the west coast and heard a group of guys with horns playing amazing stuff and he copied them with NYC area pros and put that group together to rush an album out before the Chicago Transit Authority, later, just Chicago, put out their first album. One is the loneliest number that you'll ever know.

[@daddyandmaddie]

Wow....when your time comes be ready

[@Sleevemonger]

The suit meets the shades.

[@DucksDeLucks]

The best band he was in was the Blues Project circa 1966 which he was a founder of. They never got big commercially perhaps because the lead guitarist took too much STP but they were a really talented band with many devoted fans in NY.

[@389383]

Loved Projections, an album that was about as eclectic as can be. Too bad Al left and they petered out.

[@johntechwriter]

DucksDeLucks You think Blues Project was a better band than Blood Sweat and Tears? Anyway no matter . . . The point is, he played with the very best.

[@kevinpatrickmacnutt]

I personally think they were both good, but for very different reasons.

[@andyteitelman9447]

Yeah, We used to catch them at the Cafe A Go Go on Bleeker st,.those were great shows with maybe 100 people there!

[@robinnicholas7867]

Opening question goes well...!

[@dylanthompson4836]

You can hear the boo's in Newport 65 video though....

[@winterlandboy]

Nobody mentioned the best of his work. (Who Wears) Short Shorts.. The Royal Teens. How could they omit that classic? lol.

[@joesmith-ok8ip]

Along with Bob gaudio

[@joseph4756]

Oops! I meant in the introduction. I see that Al does mention Blues Project in the interview,

[@kidcharlemagne7238]

Rainy Day Women the Classic of the Century, just love to think of Al K. making mayhem in the studio!!

[@walkerpix]

Amazing how they record this interview in such a great studio, and use crappy recording techniques. Great stuff, nonetheless! THANKS!

[@alphadogstudio]

Al reminds me of Bill Murray for some reason

[@michaelcelani8325]

Wow...Alpha..sure ..i couldn't put my finger on it but they have the same tone of voice. Same tonal quality might be a better way to put it...so you are right!

[@GreenManalishiUSA]

Five stars! Absolutely brilliant. An eyewitness account to some of the greatest moments in rock history. BTW, grab Al Kooper's book "Backstage Passes" if you can find it. It's a great read!

[@timsydlowski5208]

Ben Moses I just got an updated version of backstabbers, bastards, and how the super sessions came to be was just luck! Thank god. Love how Mike took off while he slept. So Rock n Roll !!

[@joshron99]

Nice recollection, thanks.

[@putzengiler]

I believe Al played on a couple Stones records as well, french horn on YCAGWYW....

[@EricScottBloom]

Finally...

[@RogerSteinbrinkh2oBrother]

Bloomfield....wow.

[@NeilGriffin]

This is the real deal

[@celticgodsoriginal]

I took a couple of lessons from Danny Kalb from the Blues Project

[@storkdance]

Return them and no one will tell

[@celticgodsoriginal]

Shhhh!!!

[@gerardhaubert8210]

I’m impressed, was a big DannyKalb /BluesProject fan back in college...1965

[@davidrice3337]

I would love to meet Al Kooper - He doesn't get the credit he deserves for being the architect of the sound of Lynyrd Skynyrd - Those first few yrs were amazing and I can't help but think if Al would have been around to advise Ronnie there wouldn't have been a plane crash - I think the world of Al Kooper - And yeah I'm from the country and I still like him -

[@Tenskwatawa4U]

"You can't leave them like that, Bob. Got out and play GATES OF EDEN!"

[@richdemetrops4200]

what MARTIN SCORCESE MOVIE IS Al referring to?

[@qwj68boots]

No Direction Home, documentary on Dylan.

[@hawejr]

interesting..but hard to understand! the audience laughter is louder than the conversation!

[@juancastro1505]

Greatt

[@newmillenniumbeatnik]

Hi, I certainly respect your opinion. But the songs on B on B songs may have the same feel, but not really musically the same. They are just on a little slower track than Dylan's other albums. Stuck Inside of Mobile..., I Want You, Leopardskin Pillbox Hat, and Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands...are completely distinctive of each other. But, glad we are both fans!

[@joseph4756]

How is it that there's no mention of, "Blues Project?" That was my first exposure to Al Kooper in early '67.

[@reteipdevries]

Like A Rolling Stone of course is the best song ever. In my book it is. But only in the USA. The rest of the world has different favorites.I mean the other 99% America!!

[@anonymas1582]

whiteness is another word for nobody matters but me me me me me me me me me & look-alike reruns of me everybody else exists to worship reruns of the great white oblivious "me"

[@ralphnoyes4366]

OK. "Stand" by Sly is on an equal plane, just not as well-known.

[@alanhunt2737]

Sad eyed lady of the lowlands...... most excellent double L.P.

[@randalmcmurphy1893]

YAY FOR jOE sOUTH!!!!!!!

[@joesouthsgirl5662]

Joe did play beautifully on Blonde On Blonde.

[@eleventhirteenX]

Mean Woman Blues in C#

[@SuperOlds88]

Mr. Ed King RIP

[@gaminawulfsdottir3253]

The introduction is much too long, though I suppose it's information that's valuable or even necessary for people not already familiar with his history. For the rest of us, the real interview starts at 4:18.

[@stephenoxford]

"Michael Gray.. he's my least favourite Dylan writer.." That quote is the best thing attributable to Al since his organ swirls on LARs!!!

[@grimmertwin2148]

Gentleman

[@BarbarasUrates]

Yes they are distinct things, one very different from the other, but in my opinion R.S. should put B.O.B. at the top. Just because an orange isn't an apple are you gonna tell me it's rubbish that I prefer one over the other?

[@storybeliever]

Who knew John Harbaugh was a music teacher?

[@BarbarasUrates]

Man, you just stole my whole philosophy on the matter. I wonder that about positively 4th street.

[@youspoppa]

Required watching ...

[@drumsleuth]

Speak into the mic please.

[@point2822]

the fabulous rhinestones martin van buren h.s. love you AL KOOPER ICONIC AMERICAN MUSICIAN .28 lead singer earons much love to my nyc h.s. mvb

[@stephenfiore9960]

Cryptic codes “.28, earons, h.s, mvb”

[@point2822]

@@stephenfiore9960 you have good taste AMERICAN MUSIC HISTORY is rich music brings joy thats why we do it .28 lead singer EARONS NYC BAND FROM EARON EARTH JUST LIKE YOU CHECK OUT MY CLASSMATE I KNOW HIM SINCE I WAS TWELVE JIMMY RIP MVBHS BEAUTIFUL DUDE AND VERY TALENTED GOD GIVES YOU THAT GIFT SHARE IT WITH THE WORLD PEACE TO YOU STEPHEN FIORE THE BEAUTIFUL FLOWER

[@davedillon1372]

Mr Short Shorts! The ONLY one that ever Demanded I GIVE him my recording of the (lame-?) show at ADAMS he'd done. He kept talking about how he'd.. been up for....3 Days... playing... video games... ("Whew!")...' Cheap, low Pro- was afraid it'd be released in the condition he was in. Didn't even thank me for the ride to A Holiday Inn - I hope it was the same one. What a guy. Up for three days huh? Hmm

[@jnagarya519]

C# is Db.

[@jeffclement2468]

I think he was present during Frank Zappa's debut album, "Freak Out" but in what capacity? Or am I thinking of Kim Fowley?!

[@jeffreyslott3883]

With all due respect to Mr. Kooper, but cassettes were around in 1966. In fact, The Beatles were using them around the end of 1964 (as an alternative to disc acetates). According to Wikipidea, "By 1966 over 250,000 recorders had been sold in the U.S. alone and Japan soon became the major source of recorders..." Philips had invented them around 1962!

[@shadowboto1010]

If your younger those tape players in the early 60s were not like your cassette of the 1980s .. They were small portable but reel to reel you could mail your tape to someone and they could thread it on theirs and play it, We used it in 1966 for my brother in law to send tapes home from name . No one used the word cassette in the 1960s they were tapes and tape recorders.

[@zeldasmith6154]

Why they have presentations like this is bizarre. There's big screen technology where the audio is perfect not bouncing around like it is here.