All 15 Species of Wild Dog (Wolves, Jackals & Dogs)

There are 3 categories of wild dogs; wolf-like canines, South American canines and fox-like canines. In this guide, we'll explore all 15 species of wild dogs including wolves, jackals, wild dogs and a few odd stragglers such as the bush dog and the racoon dog. These animals are the closest relatives to the domesticated dog and are found in every ecozone on earth.
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00:29 Wolf-like Canines
00:51 Grey Wolf
01:48 Dingo
02:32 Coyote
03:17 African Golden Wolf
04:00 Ethiopian Wolf
04:43 Golden Jackal
05:27 Dhole
06:06 African Wild Dog
06:54 Side-Striped Jackal
07:34 Black-Backed Jackal
08:22 South American Canines
08:36 Maned Wolf
09:30 Bush Dog
10:21 Short-Eared Dog
10:28 Fox-Like Canines
10:38 Common Raccoon Dog
11:32 Japanese Racoon Dog
11:55 Series Introduction & Next Episode
Media & Attribution
All footage is used under licence from Storyblocks. The vast majority of the images are used under license from Shutterstock.com and one from WikiCommons which is in the public domain. Below is a Google Doc containing each section with the photographers' names. Thank you to everyone who makes their work available for use. Covering all of the wonderful species in these videos would not be possible without your incredible work.
docs.google.com/document/d/1D...
Music
All of the music used in this video is available at Epidemic Sound. If you need music and would like to support the channel, please find a referral link below.
tbtrvl.com/epidemicsound
Sources & Further Reading
Listed below are the sources used to create the video.
Animal Diversity
animaldiversity.org/
Encyclopedia Britannica
www.britannica.com/animal/can...
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caninae/
Breeds of Domestic Dog that are larger than Wolves
www.qualitydogresources.com/3...
African wild dog pack size
www.bush24.com/blog/the-afric...
African wild dogs remaining
www.discoverwildlife.com/anim...
Jackals
www.awf.org/wildlife-conserva...
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Videos Exploring The Animal Kingdom & The Natural World
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[@Textbooktravel]

After watching this back, I realised I made two mistakes: while describing wolf-like canids and their relatives in the larger Canini tribe, I used a video of a red fox, which is actually in Canini's sister tribe, Vulpini. Also, while defining a nuclear family I stated that it is made up of "both sets of parents" which makes no sense. A nuclear family is made up of both parents [and their offspring]. Sorry!

[@hlbrown6925]

Wŕßsssàæ

[@spinusportugal1086]

And also, "Nambia" is Namibia ;-)

[@DegenerateWeeb69]

Wolves also don’t have an Alpha - Omega pack structure, that has been disproven for a while now

[@joaopauloabreu4390]

​@@DegenerateWeeb69 I thought the same, I remember reading something about that the alpha structure was only true for wolves in captivity and it is not applicable to wild wolves (forgive any grammatical errors)

[@JPayne95]

Pokemon

[@fdprado72]

Correction: In nature grey wolves aren't known to form a alpha pair, alpha male and alpha female, instead their pack structure is more like a family. They form a alpha like structure in captivity usually due to including wolves from different families etc. Also, when they do form a alpha like structure in nature it's usually only the female and she has control over who mates! We have only 1 known pack that formed a structure like that and if I remember correctly it's one pack from Yellowstone national part.

[@ameybirulkar7503]

No there are Alpha male and female both.

[@fdprado72]

@@ameybirulkar7503 There is, yes, but in nature (without human intervention) it's not the default pack structure, but instead very rare.

[@scottlepak7068]

Even in a natural pack composed of a nuclear family, there is still going to be a dominance hierarchy among them. The pups will typically defer and submit to their parents (just as human children "should" respect their parents) and will also figure out a hierarchy among themselves through play while growing up (as well as occasional squabbling between siblings, I'm sure). In general, we do not see the aggressive hazing of lower ranking individuals in natural packs that is often seen in artificial ones, but just about any social animal will have some form of dominance hierarchy. In my opinion, it's not incorrect to think of the parents as the alpha pair, as they are generally going to be the most dominant members of a pack. He did state in the video that the pack is composed of a nuclear family, so I don't think anything he said in regards to the grey wolf was really incorrect.

[@fdprado72]

@@scottlepak7068 Well, that just depends on your definition. Like you said, human children will respect their parents and yet we don't call parents as alpha and children as beta, even though it would be technically correct. We typically call Lions as alpha and a wolves pack structure is much more like a human family then a Lion's pride. It just comes down to what you define an alpha as. If you don't think of parents as alpha and children as beta, then it IS incorrectly to think of a wolf pack leader as alpha and the rest as beta, otherwise you'd be applying different definitions to the same situation.

[@scottlepak7068]

@@fdprado72 The definition of an "alpha," as it applies to animals, is simply the most dominant/highest ranking individual(s) in a group, regardless of what their familial relations are and what their social structure/hierarchy actually looks like. I admit I don't exactly apply the term "alpha" to my parents in my day-to-day thinking, and I have never actually referred to them with that term, but I would still consider them to be the "alphas" of my immediate family on the basis that they are the "highest ranking" members. Likewise, as I said before, I personally don't see anything wrong with referring to the parents of a wolf pack as the "alpha pair." They are the most dominant/highest ranking members, so the definition fits them just fine. I'd say whether you choose to refer to them as the "alpha pair," "mating pair," "pack leaders," or simply "the parents" is more a matter of personal opinion/preference, as none of these terms are inherently incorrect.

[@fermintenava5911]

It's ironic that the wolf with the longest legs is so closely related with the (arguably) most short-legged one. I also wasn't aware that bush dogs actually hunt tapirs. Even with younger ones, that's a hell of a task.

[@skyrrmish6207]

That shows that it’s actually not a wolf at all lol

[@fca003]

@@skyrrmish6207 None of them are wolves. Maned wolves are from the "golden dog" genus, and they are called Aguará Guazú here in Argentina, which means "tall fox" in Guaraní. We also have the "Grey Fox", which is not a fox and is more related to wolves. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

[@geegarcia7858]

I read somewhere that the Maned Wolf in South America, for whatever reason, when they piss it reaks of weed. To the point where one zoo that had this thing, had groups of people complaining about someone smoking weed somewhere in the middle of the zoo. It just so happened the Maned Wolf took a huge piss.

[@Textbooktravel]

LOL! That's amazing! #factoftheday

[@ogierinho1]

Its actually partially true. They have maned Wolf in my hometown zoo in Warsaw and inded it smells very similar to weed in close proximity but not exactly. I mean the odor is way stronger but from the distance you can observe the wolfes its pretty similar.

[@someguyfromengland5036]

Red foxes smell very similar

[@chriswhinery925]

I don't know if it's because of their piss or not but I can confirm these animals have a... strong odor. I lived in San Diego until recently and they have one of these at the zoo there. I never actually saw the damned thing because it never comes out during the day but you could definitely tell something was living in that enclosure every time you walked by it. The smell was... powerful.

[@needfoolthings]

All gingers reek weird...

[@joshdewitt8796]

Wolf pack structure is often like this (not always but in most cases): -Parents at the top -Older offspring who aid in hunting and feeding family, maintaining territory, usually older than 2 and haven’t left to form their own pack -1-2 year olds who stay back with younger siblings and babysit while parents and older siblings hunt/patrol -Current year’s litter

[@rikorobinson]

Coyotes are also great at surviving in urban environments. I'm from Stamford, Connecticut (about 50 km/ 30 miles from New York City). You can find coyotes doing quite well from the suburbs to the middle of the city. They're almost doing as well as the pigeons, squirrels, and red tailed hawks around here.

[@arlaux]

Part of it is being forced out of their natural habitats where they have competition and ecosystem that controls their populations. It’s like how polar bear numbers are growing due to warming temperatures which is adversely affecting other species heavily. Humans were, by and large, a mistake to this planet. Sure, some species are doing good since we took away the natural balance that.. well… kept them balanced but it is impossible to ignore the fact that 70% of animals are dead since the 1970s to 2018. We are quickly heading to a world where natural reserves have degraded so much thst their bounce back might be impossible. It’s frustrating and angering the amount of real damage humans do without thinking. Hopefully things get better, but unless severe radical action is taken I doubt it.

[@rikorobinson]

@@arlaux Hi, Arlaux. Yeah, urbanization with animals is always about them being forced out of their natural habitat, unfortunately. By definition 😞

[@dennischristopher9952]

So true. I've seen some coyotes around Boston

[@stevemerrill-bz7bk]

Boston, Ma,in my trash!3 legs!skinny tall,Excellent urban survival skills,

[@rjak292]

Coyotes didnt exist in the northeast until urbanization. If it wasnt for urbanization and its suburbs the eastern coyote wouldnt exist.

[@dancronin5691]

We had a pet dingo. What was most interesting about him was just that he was always very serious, peaceful and friendly, but the whole concept of play was just not there, at least not in the way we observe it in dogs.

[@smelltheglove2038]

Watch out, it might eat a baby. The dingo ate my baby.

[@martinfirth9752]

Hey was curious I believe my family have a Canis dingo. It’s a rescue from a reserve in canada which seems quite odd. How can you be for sure

[@mnkash2007]

@@martinfirth9752 does it eat every chicken in town?

[@marysueeasteregg]

@@martinfirth9752 Were you told it was a dingo? A lot more likely, being in North America, that your dog is a Carolina dog, also called the America dingo, which has a close resemblance physically and genetically to the dingo. Feral dogs, given enough time/generations, revert to a dingo-like appearance. Genetic testing would be the only definitive way to know. But I doubt canine genetic testing done in North America would include routine testing for dingo genes. Carolina dog genes would likely be tested for. Maybe you could make a special request for dingo genes.

[@zeliezmegac1665]

@@martinfirth9752 It could just be a kelpie, an Australian dog breed. They look really similar and are apparently related to dingoes.

[@boi_mayor]

When I first moved to Japan, everyone told me about the mythical Tanuki. About how it was a creature, maybe even a God, of mischief. Businesses had Tanuki statues with giant testicles to protect them. I did not realize that it was a real animal until I saw one on a hike and almost lost my mind.

[@AlexeiArntzen]

Sometimes they shape-shift and act like people so you might meet one outside of the forest too 😉

[@AgentFlea]

Tell me more about the giant testicles. (lmao) Hard to imagine a Japanese business having that kind of statue

[@kevinquinonez838]

Tanuki: I think my reputation is a bit exaggerated

[@deathtomorons9388]

@@AlexeiArntzen Racist??

[@AlexeiArntzen]

@@deathtomorons9388 I am confusion. What's racist?

[@chriswhinery925]

Interesting fact about coyotes, they're also one of the relatively few animal species that adapt very well to mankind encroaching on their territory. They take to urban environments like a fish to water. Large populations of them can thrive there, although they abandon any pack structure they had in the wild and become solo creatures in that environment.

[@peterhenderson9331]

man that ain’t no interesting fact ! that’s some straight up bullsh*t

[@therewasoldcringe]

just like humans

[@adolforodolfo6929]

Same applies here in the UK to foxes. There are reckoned to be about 450,000 foxes in the UK and that a third of them (150,000) live in towns.

[@dacksonflux]

I believe it's the other way around. They're normally solitary but when dealing with humans they become pack hunters.

[@adolforodolfo6929]

​@@dacksonflux They are not pack hunters, not ever, but they are not exactly solitary either. Urban or rural, they live in small family units. This is often just a male & female and their cubs, but sometimes includes one or two other adult females that haven't bred and are related to the breeding female - daughters or sisters. Foxes are territorial, like cats, and in rural areas these family units stay a long way away from each other. With urban foxes, it's a bit different; they have to compromise and have much smaller territories than their country cousins; they learn to tolerate other foxes to a certain extent, but they don't really mix and certainly don't hunt together. If you see what you might think is a "pack" of foxes out together, it is a vixen and her cubs. Sometimes, where two vixens are related and live near each other, their cubs might come together in one group, but it's still not a "pack". Foxes, like cats, only do solitary hunting.

[@tessat338]

We're on the East Coast of the US. Coyotes have recently moved into our ecosystem. We sometimes see them loping by at night. We have a LOT of white-tailed deer here, so there is an abundant prey species for them to feed upon.

[@dakohli]

The Eastern Coyote, which is a "Coy-Wolf" hybrid is found on the east cost of Canada, I have seen some as big as 120lbs. I have heard they are slowly spreading south, but they are quite abundant here.

[@jessicasockriter2654]

@@dakohli coy-wolf have been spotted in the United States. Mainly parts of Maine and Michigan.

[@dakohli]

@@jessicasockriter2654 From what I understand, they originated in Northern Ontario during a time when the Wolves were under extreme pressure, and have migrated east. They appear to be very well adapted to competing with existing canids, and my experience here in Nova Scotia shows that they do not fear humans. I know of at least one hunter who claimed to be treed by a pack. I have no doubt they will become very widespread.

[@dakohli]

@@jessicasockriter2654 They seem to be out competing both wolves and coyotes, especially where they are in proximity to cities. No surprises that they will start to spread.

[@TheBatugan77]

I knew that shit would happen once they opened the southern border fence. FknJokeBiden...

[@13lilsykos]

I loved the bush dog! It looks like so much like a weasel. I didn't even realize that there are so many different types of wild dogs.

[@thitsuya]

lmao its cute right? I like his name here

[@RiikkaEnne]

I would like to point out, that the alpha male model of gray wolves has been debunked by none other than the man who originally coined the term, David Mech. He stated that his mistake was to make deductions of wolves in captivity, which forces the pack structure artificially and does not have any correlation to wolves in the wild. Mech said he wished he never wrote the paper coining the term. Since the concept has bled into human comparisons, this is a toxic misconception. I recommend researching it for the sake of accuracy.

[@gunnar699]

I guess the thing you are talking about is the beta delta sigma shit and that they compete within the pack to become the alpha. The wild packs still have an alpha female and an alpha male which work as pack leaders. They do the breeding in the pack and then the younger usually go away sometime when they mature to find a new pack/partner so they can breed.

[@wojtekwilk3938]

@@gunnar699 So what's the conclusion then? Is it not true that wolves compete between each other for higher hierarchy spots, or is it just a misinterpretation and the Alpha Male & Female become set for life?

[@gunnar699]

@@wojtekwilk3938 It is not common that they compete in the pack, because the alpha female is the mother of the pack. The kids do not need to compete to breed with their own mother. They can compete with other packs over territory (not common because of the small wolf population) but they also need other packs/ lonely wolfs for others to breed. So the alpha female usually has the same alpha male. But if the male dies she will find a new mate.

[@vincentwirch7066]

Yeah. To be fair, there is pack structure. Alpha male and female, responsible for leading hunts, having puppies, and protecting the pack from other wolves, are really just Mom and Dad wolves and all the other individuals are their kids from varying liters, usually about two generations, before they will disperse at the age of 2 years old to find a mate and create a pack all their own. Sometimes there is a beta wolf that manages internal pack ranking and dynamics. Packs can often have the odd Aunt or Uncle wolf too. Lastly, all packs by whatever means of delegation, have some kind of Omega wolf. Their role is as a jester, babysitter, and punching bag to the rest of the pack.

[@theperson8275]

The conclusion is that it is an Alpha dominance structure.

[@amandasmith308]

Wolves do not have alpha pairs in the wild. This behavior was observed in wolves enclosed areas. In the wild, the alpha pair is simply parents and the pack is family.

[@vicenzostella1390]

You forgot the Red Wolf, a species of wolf only found in the Southeastern United States. Historically, it’s range went from Florida and Texas to southern Pennsylvania. However, it is now considered critically endangered, with the only wild population found in the a state park in Eastern North Carolina.

[@SK-CCV]

The thing is your wrong and they have recently spotted 3-4 smaller packs in South Carolina and last year spotted another medium size pack in West Virginia. I myself have seen a Red Wolf, story: Me and my family where driving home and it was late and already dark. We were driving past a field at about 30-35 mph and my phone was dead, I was in the passenger seat, so I was looking out the window. 3-4 red wolves were gathered around something and they were eating it like 10-12 feet away from a street lamp and I could see them. I know it wasn’t a few coyotes because they were way to big (I hunt coyotes frequently since my county has an all year round coyote season for population control on these 4 public hunting sites, and each coyote is 100-200 bucks depending on age size and gender)

[@vicenzostella1390]

@@SK-CCV Wow, that's awesome! Good to know that their expanding their territory!

[@tylerirwin2097]

Not a great area for wolves to flourish lol Poor guys

[@joeschmoe2663]

I like the raccoon dog,never knew there was such a dog

[@Textbooktravel]

Me too! I'm really enjoying finding all of the weird and wonderful animals as I'm making these videos!

[@sopantarhei8572]

now an invasive specie in Europe, like the golden jackal

[@zebedeemadness2672]

Despite the name they're not a dog, but in fact a primitive fox, that sits just sits in the tribe (Vulpini), personally i call them by there Japanese name Tanuki meaning trickster, as they aren't Raccoons, dogs or true foxes of the genus (Vulpes).

[@KanishQQuotes]

Yes but they carry diseases

[@zebedeemadness2672]

@@KanishQQuotes What species doesn't 🤔.

[@inaaronshead7331]

You forgot New Guinea Singing Dog's. Which are very closely to be related to dingoes. Like the Dingo are believed to be 'feral dogs' but actually display more wild ancestry behave, such as not barking (but instead, howling), can't wag their tales truly like domesticated dogs, excluding the basenji and another domesticated dog I forget the name of). And whilst may be domesticated, like dingoes, they still have wild wolf like traits). Since alot of Papua New Guinea is unexplored, it's actually relatively unknown how long they've been in Papua New Guinea.. but they do believe that these canids crossed the land bridge to become what Australia knows as the Dingo.

[@Textbooktravel]

Interesting! Thank you for taking the time to add more info

[@tronald_iii]

And they forgot the Red Wolf

[@inaaronshead7331]

@@tronald_iii Honestly so did I, sad that their is only like maybe 30-50 left in the wild. I personally got to hung up on the whole Dingoes not having close relatives, knowing that the New Guinea singing dog is pretty much the exact same species as Dingoes. The best I can remember about Red Wolves, is there.an ancient hybrid of Grey Wolves and Coyotes and are actually genetically different from the more recent Coywolf hybrids. And because their are looked at as a Hybrid, their usually overlooked as a endangered species or being classed in the canine family as a species since their a hybrid. It might have changed since I last read into them, and also to be honest.. I kind of completely forgot that they existed. I personally think that if a hybrid is naturally occurring, they should be treated as a species and be protected so they can establish a few generations and good number of that new species... Since they are nature's way of adapting to the human encroachment. Like how the Pizzly is a naturally occurring hybrid of Polar Bear and Grizzly Bear as a way to adapt to the heavy decline of snow, ice water and rising temperatures and all I read is Hunters constantly shooting them. And just saying "I mistook it for a grizzly bear". I think like 8 of 12 Pizzly Bears have been killed by hunters not even a year into their life.. not even reaching maturity.. Kind of sad that these hybrids don't have a chance to establish a new species to be apart of the changing world.

[@vtecnegro85]

The basenji from Congo is also a barkless dog.

[@einundsiebenziger5488]

New Guinea Singing Dogs* (plural, no apostrophe)

[@basenjisofmasiyarink1831]

If you consider dingos as wild dogs, then you need to include African dog the Basenji which is also known as the Barkless dog. Basenjis are found in Central Africa in Southern Sudan and Zaire and are the oldest breed of dog. The are considered a basal breed that is one of the founding breeds of canis lupus. Basenji live around 13 years but dogs are known to live up to 17 years (with the author of these posts own basenji having lived to 19 years and four months).

[@hair2050]

He, or the script writer, made several mistakes. Among those not already mentioned are that wolves can and do exceed 65kg with the timber wolf reaching around 80kg. And the dingo is native to south East Asian, it’s not JUST found in Australia.

[@Textbooktravel]

Wow! I love that colour on that breed! Thanks for the feedback

[@HkFinn83]

Btw it a pretty easy to make your pet dogs live 16-20 years, if their life expectancy is usually 10-12.

[@davidbeckett5823]

I don’t know tho because Basenjis I think are considered domesticated dogs and this video is wild dogs.

[@TheBatugan77]

@@HkFinn83 Can they get government benefits?

[@dongeonmaster8547]

I enjoyed this video. I was aware of most of the canids listed. Very impressed you included the often over looked bush dog. Even more impressed by all the subspecies listed and given their place as distinctive animals.

[@J242D]

Although the endangered red wolf from coastal North Carolina is missing this was a great informative watch 👍

[@bird2034]

I noticed this too! To be fair to the creator it is pretty contentious whether they’re a subspecies of gray wolf or a separate one

[@micahbannister1287]

Yeah, some people debate whether red wolves count. (Personally I think so) But it makes sense why he left it out

[@Em-oy8on]

I think the African wild dog has the best relationship with pack members. Bringing back food for the sick or older members, leaving their pups with baby sitters. They appear to be less aggressive with each when compared to other pack hunters like wolves. Also amazing video, definitely subscribing I came from the foxes species video.

[@RandomStuffPT]

They have to, africa is wild as fuck.

[@dacksonflux]

Wolves do this as well.

[@DansilSchroeder]

dholes are like this as well. In fact, usually, it's almost impossible to identify the alpha of a pack unless you pay very close attention to the behaviors of other pack members, as packs tend to have multiple mating pairs and the alpha pair doesn't act as aggressive as you'd find in wolves.

[@chrisgonzalez6272]

And they have the highest successful hunting rate thanks to there overall pack dynamic

[@blackirontarkus3156]

All canine and feline animals are innocent though

[@Jdeal0001]

This is some Quality content. I’m Super impressed by a channel with only a few thousand subs. I went to share this with a few people and noticed the sub count. I hope to see this up there with a few hundred K subs in a few months. Nice vid and hope to see more in the future. Nice job man

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you, James!

[@adamseroka5609]

The Algorithm helped me find another fantastic naturalist youtuber! Thanks for the great content and keep up the great work Textbook Travel! You're doing great work and I look forward to seeing more out of ya!

[@TearMeOpenIBelieve]

There is a pack of Coyotes that live right in my parents' yard in New Haven, CT. Every time an ambulance went by, they howl like crazy. I used to hear them kill things right by my bedroom window before I moved out. It was miserable to sleep next to that

[@grafirleitejunior3945]

The wolf of the Brazilian savannah, commented on in the video, is called "Lobo guará". It is an incredibly elusive animal. I live in the area and only saw it once, on my pedals.

[@raidarthegunwizard4520]

If you wondering, Yes. Hyena is more related to the cat family rather than the dog family

[@indyreno2933]

Hyenas belong to the suborder Feliformia of carnivorans, therefore hyenas are more closely related to cats than they are to dogs, hyenas only resemble dogs due to convergent evolution.

[@Braeserker]

Can’t forget Red Wolves which are one of the most endangered. They’re in between the size of a coyote and Grey Wolf and only live in eastern North Carolina with only about 35ish left in the wild.

[@ameliorateepoch9917]

35 in the wild? Last time I check the population went down to 7-11 red wolves left within the wild. Of course there are 200+ being bred in conservation areas and captivity.

[@adminbob_]

i think their populations are so low due to them being wolf-coyote crossbreeds that don’t occur unless there are no other options for the wolves. i’m not sure about the validity of this though but i thought it was interesting

[@AlecNormal]

I'm surprised to see you only have 10K subs. I excepted a lot more :) Hopefully you can grow quickly, you deserve it!

[@urek9808]

I love your videos! And I love that you're using the metric system aswell!

[@bowmanj603]

Youmissed an important native wild dog thatdeserves more recognition. It live in the southern states of eastern USA. It is known as the american dingo or the Carolina dog. It resembles a dingo and was the animal that the famous book Old Yeller was written after, although in the film adaptation they used a retriever.

[@zenvariety9383]

Weren't Carolina Dogs domesticated at some point? Yet I'm pretty sure there's a good number in the wild.

[@simonsays2677]

What a great channel, this is one of the very few channels that i wish deeply to witness it flourishing with views, subscribers, and of course with more entertaining and educational videos. Very well done job guys.

[@svenlauke1190]

despite all the mistakes made in the video?

[@simonsays2677]

@@svenlauke1190 such as?

[@svenlauke1190]

@@simonsays2677 alpha beta structure is not a thing for wild wolves. only for captive ones. and this is widely known. his sources must be really outdated.

[@solitairecatnaps4444]

That issue is addressed in the very first comment!

[@kristaprice1954]

Very informative and interesting. Plus I REALLY love listening to your voice!

[@alannohlgren]

Fascinating. I had no idea how much I didn't know about the various canine species populating the earth. Who'd have thought it, racoon dogs...More vidéos, please!

[@wombatburrito5896]

Ethiopian wolf is absolutely beautiful. Such a pretty species

[@dshepherd107]

Really interesting video. Ty! You might consider adding the parish dogs of India, the Baladi of Egypt, & the Carolina Dog (informally called, American Dingos bc of the frequent similarity in appearance). Also, an update for you. Maned wolves are no longer considered wolves. They are actually neither wolf nor fox, but the only remaining species of the genus, Chrysocyon 😉. - former research scientist (Biology) -

[@yvonnebrink9912]

Where I live in mississauga ontario...coyotes do very well. I live on a big pond and they are always out at night hunting....

[@avivlamech-kalambi519]

Love your content! This was a brilliant video. Let me know if I missed any explanation given in the video, but I feel like you cluld have spoken a lot more about the various fox species.

[@forcehucos2429]

Bro... after your one video of big cats was recommended...and watched all your videos..in a day.... Loved it😍 Little Suggestion...do consider adding maps and species flowcharts

[@earthlingsunited2663]

So many critics! These videos are amazing! They highlight so many species I and I’m sure many others did not know existed! The photos are all stunning and show off their anatomy, beauty, behaviors and habitats very well. Your brief detailed explanations are very informative. Everyone, every single one of us, makes errors. It’s one of Homo sapiens defining traits. Your willingness to correct them is most admirable. A thousand thank yous! 😍

[@travisoutlaw9511]

Theses videos are gold! The only thing that is upsetting in these videos is hearing about how few are left from some of these species. Heartbreaking for us animal people

[@lukedarsey4134]

Awesome content and information. Please continue the great work. More more more

[@indyreno2933]

A dog is any mammal of the order Carnivora that represents the family Canidae, there are over thirty-nine extant species of dog within fourteen extant genera Taxonomy: • Family: Canidae (Dogs) •• Subfamily: Caninae (Modern Dogs) ••• Tribe: Urocyonini (Primitive Canines) •••• Genus: Urocyon (Grey Fox and Channel Island Fox) ••••• Species: Urocyon Cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) ••••• Species: Urocyon Littoralis (Channel Island Fox) ••• Tribe: Cerdocyonini (New World Canines) •••• Subtribe: Chrysocyonina (New World Wolves, Jackals, and Wild Dogs) ••••• Genus: Atelocynus (Short-Eared Jackal) •••••• Species: Atelocynus Microtis (Short-Eared Jackal) ••••• Genus: Speothos (Bushdogs) •••••• Species: Speothos Venaticus (Bushdog) ••••• Genus: Chrysocyon (Maned Wolf) •••••• Species: Chrysocyon Brachyurus (Maned Wolf) •••• Subtribe: Cerdocyonina (New World Foxes) ••••• Genus: Cerdocyon (Crab-Eating Fox) •••••• Species: Cerdocyon Thou (Crab-Eating Fox) ••••• Genus: Lycalopex (Zorros) •••••• Species: Lycalopex Culpaeus (Culpeo) •••••• Species: Lycalopex Vetulus (Hoary Fox) •••••• Species: Lycalopex Sechurae (Sechuran Fox) •••••• Species: Lycalopex Gymnocercus (Pampas Fox) •••••• Species: Lycalopex Fulvipes (Darwin's Fox) •••••• Species: Lycalopex Griseus (Chilla) ••• Tribe: Canini (Old World Canines) •••• Subtribe: Vulpina (Raccoon Dogs and Old World Foxes) ••••• Genus: Vulpes (True Foxes) •••••• Species: Vulpes Vulpes (Red Fox) •••••• Species: Vulpes Bengalensis (Bengal Fox) •••••• Species: Vulpes Ferrilata (Tibetan Sand Fox) •••••• Species: Vulpes Cana (Blanford's Fox) •••••• Species: Vulpes Zerda (Fennec Fox) •••••• Species: Vulpes Rueppellii (Ruppell's Fox) •••••• Species: Vulpes Pallida (Pale Fox) •••••• Species: Vulpes Chama (Cape Fox) ••••• Genus: Alopex (White Foxes) •••••• Species: Alopex Corsac (Corsac Fox) •••••• Species: Alopex Lagopus (Arctic Fox) •••••• Species: Alopex Velox (Swift Fox) •••••• Species: Alopex Macrotis (Kit Fox) ••••• Genus: Otocyon (Bat-Eared Fox) •••••• Species: Otocyon Megalotis (Bat-Eared Fox) ••••• Genus: Nyctereutes (Raccoon Dogs) •••••• Species: Nyctereutes Procyonoides (Chinese Raccoon Dog) •••••• Species: Nyctereutes Viverrinus (Japanese Raccoon Dog) •••• Subtribe: Canina (Old World Wolves, Jackals, and Wild Dogs) ••••• Genus: Lupulella (African Jackals) •••••• Species: Lupulella Mesomelas (Black-Backed Jackal) •••••• Species: Lupulella Adusta (Side-Striped Jackal) ••••• Genus: Lycaon (Painted Dogs) •••••• Species: Lycaon Pictus (Cape Wild Dog) ••••• Genus: Cuon (Dhole) •••••• Species: Cuon Alpinus (Dhole) ••••• Genus: Canis (Northern Jackals, Oceanian Wild Dogs, and True Wolves) •••••• Species: Canis Aureus (Golden Jackal) •••••• Species: Canis Latrans (Coyote) •••••• Species: Canis Rufus (Red Wolf) •••••• Species: Canis Simensis (Ethiopian Golden Wolf) •••••• Species: Canis Lupaster (African Golden Wolf) •••••• Species: Canis Lupus (Grey Wolf) •••••• Species: Canis Hallstromi (New Guinea Singing Dog) •••••• Species: Canis Dingo (Dingo)

[@lukejones7164]

You forgot the Domestic Dog (Canis Familiaris)

[@indyreno2933]

@luke jones, actually, the domestic dog is a subspecies of grey wolf, the scientific name of the domestic dog is actually Canis lupus familiaris, to be fair all domestic mammals are cladistically either subspecies or populations of their wild ancestors.

[@lukejones7164]

@@indyreno2933 I know that (same with Dingos) just like how Domestic Cats are just hybrids of African & European Wildcats. Also, it can be argued that Coyotes are also just a subspecies Ancient Wolves (Coyotes first appeared over 100,000 years after Homo Sapiens did).

[@indyreno2933]

@luke jones, actually, coyotes are jackals not wolves, the coyote belongs to the genus Prolupus along with the golden jackal, also, the new guinea singing dog and dingo are not closely related to the domestic dog, the new guinea singing dog and dingo are both separate species from each other and the grey wolf, while the domestic dog remains a subspecies of grey wolf, the closest living relative of the oceanian wild dogs is the pale-footed wolf, which is native to both the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent and is a separate species from the grey wolf, the grey wolf (Canis lupus (cladistically including the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris))) is the most basal of the eight extant species of the Canis genus, then followed by the split between two clades, one containing the white wolf (Canis albus), the sea wolf (Canis crassodon), the eastern wolf (Canis lycaon), and the red wolf (Canis rufus) and the other containing the pale-footed wolf (Canis pallipes), the new guinea singing dog (Canis hallstromi), and the dingo (Canis dingo).

[@lukejones7164]

@@indyreno2933 Wrong. Coyotes are in the genus Canis (so are Dingos) and are genetically closer to Grey Wolves than they are to anything else. This has been proven several times. That's why Coyotes and Wolves constantly mix in North America, they're basically the same species.

[@ibnyahud]

dogs are amazing i love them! fun fact: dogs may be the only species adapted to read (or able to be cognizant of ) human facial expressions

[@rajr1032]

Thank you for the excellent overview of the wolf and jackal family.

[@cadenz7719]

Coyotes are the definition of generalist, gets out competed by specialists but thrive and adapt extremely well to new environments or those that lack specialists, once black footed ferrets, wolves, and bears were ran out of parries coyotes we also ran out but their populations boomed when returning to their old range due to the lack of specialists even specializing in prairie dog hunting often teaming up with American badgers to hunt. The coyotes ability to adapt and overcome is often the reason why black footed ferrets, and red wolves have not recovered as well as their ability to hybridize with feral dogs and wolves and even adapt to urban environments.

[@chriswatson8965]

Those African wild dogs are beautiful!

[@WickensWickedReptiles]

Great Video!

[@tristanheaton2127]

Omg

[@dudedude9528]

I really enjoy your content and all the work you put into these videos new sub

[@adolforodolfo6929]

Excellent, very informative video. Thank you.

[@salamlawrence9658]

I like coming back to these videos, but just now noticed they left out the red wolf. Its easy to overlook them they are almost extinct with less than 20 in the wild, but about 250 in captivity. I see them often as my local zoo is part of the reintroduction breeding program.

[@bluetail4578]

you missed the red wolf, canis rufus- it's an endangered species only found in the wild in north carolina

[@2RANbit]

Well-done documentation. It covers most (but not all) canid species. ;-)

[@isaacdonnan7316]

The music makes it feel like all the little doggies are on holiday, which I love.

[@emergencyme4515]

0:05 by God I have never seen such a magnificent specimen! Truly the highlight of the canine world

[@VanaraVegeta]

PUG

[@bigplanner]

😂😂😂

[@jacobmulherin1805]

The american red wolf was left out. I realize the term "wild" would be a stretch for them, but they aren't extinted yet, and last I heard, there was still a double-digit wild population with an ongoing reintroduction effort.

[@iffracem]

Dingo's I believe are also found in New Guinea, not just Australia, but there are no canines ( other than introduced domestic dogs) in New Zealand or Antarctica, so I guess canines aren't found in all "ecozones" on earth. Also, it's been found that Dingo's have an incredibly flexible neck, they can actually look over their shoulders and directly behind, unlike any of the Canis Familiaris. Their body will fit through any opening their head fits through, most canines don't have that ability as their shoulders and possibly hips are wider than their heads, so I doubt they are a subspecies of the domestic dog, or wolves,. The more research, the more they appear to be unique.

[@heyimyui8639]

I love your videos, please keep making them

[@CountSwagula127]

I think the dingo is more of a wolf subspecies (Canis lupus dingo) or a dog breed (Canis familiaris)

[@flamesniper126]

Very informative videos

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you! Glad you enjoyed them!

[@DylanInBaja]

Your channel is fire, dude. PROPS TO YOU.

[@scotty6124]

Great video! Can't believe I never heard of so many of these.

[@zebedeemadness2672]

8:30 All the South American (Caninae) in the subtribe (Cerdocyonina) are all dogs, the reference to wolf and fox in there common names, are solely based on there morphological appearance, there are no wolf or fox species in South America.

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you! I will include this info in the fox video when I get to it. Appreciate the feedback

[@zebedeemadness2672]

@@Textbooktravel What is commonly called American "Grey fox" that i call American Quyeto (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and (Urocyon littoralis) both the Mainland and Channel Island "Grey fox" aren't actually "fox's", (the word Quyeto being native American Chibcha, translated Quye = Tree & To = Dog (Tree dog), as these Caninae are good climbers, and are often found in trees). American Quyeto's aren't in the Fox kin tribe (Vulpini) or in the Dog kin tribe (Canini), the American Mainland and Channel Island Quyeto in the genus (Urocyon) sits outside both subtribes and is the most basal (primitive) living canid in the family (Canidae) in the subfamily (Caninae).

[@webbess1]

This is like TierZoo for grown-ups lol.

[@narutardad]

Lmao wym TierZoo is very adult friendly lol. I love watching TierZoo.

[@Shestheman013]

…so just teirzoo

[@AntiThotPatrol]

I wouldn’t exactly say “for grown-ups” but this channel doesn’t have the biases regarding ecological niches that Tierzoo has

[@frwystr]

@@narutardadtierzoo goes into reddit tier

[@narutardad]

@@frwystr so?

[@Mindartcreativity]

The photography of the animals is really good. Great choice!

[@zysole]

Wow im actually a therian lookimg for my canine theriotype but this wow this is really helpful but also fun to watch!

[@jhalkier]

I have been about 5 meters away from a golden jackal, while i was skating at the harbour in Esbjerg, Denmark. So they also live in the northern europe apparently (: I enjoyed

[@zebedeemadness2672]

I call the "Golden Jackel" the Golden jackel-wolf (Canis aureus), to remove it from true Jackels the Side-striped jackel (Lupuella adusta) & Black-backed jackel (Lupuella mesomelas), as one is in the genus (Canis) and the other in the genus (Lupuella).

[@samrizzardi2213]

Problem is that the word "jackal" was first invented specifically for the golden jackal, while the two african jackals were named after it. I think they are the ones that should be renamed.

[@zebedeemadness2672]

@@samrizzardi2213 Not really a problem, take the word "Panda" for example originally was the name for the Red panda (Ailurus fulgens) with the word panda derived from a Himalayan word meaning (Bamboo eater), but panda is typically more associated with theses days with the Chinese panda bear (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The "Golden jackal" that was given the name Jackal meaning (the howler), that then gave its Jackal name to the Eurasian counterparts of Golden jackal-wolf (Canis aureus), was likely the "Golden jackals" of North Africa after the Egyptian jackal god Anubis. But we now know the what was "Golden Jackals" of North Africa aren't "Golden jackals" but a different species the African wolf (Canis lupaster) that has a more direct ancestral line to Grey wolve (Canis lupus), where Golden jackal-wolf (Canis aureus) are the most Basal (Primitive) of the living genus (Canis).

[@indyreno2933]

@Zebedee madness, this is why jackals are a polyphyletic group, the african jackals now comprise their own genus (Lupulella), while the golden jackal and the coyote (which is also known as the american jackal) are still part of the genus Canis, however the short-eared jackal was never considered part of the genus Canis, instead it is the only species of the genus Atelocynus and it is most closely related to both the bushdog and maned wolf.

[@zebedeemadness2672]

@@indyreno2933 I've never known the Short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis) as Jackel in common name. Yes being a South American Caninae, they are more related to the Golden maned dog (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and bush dog (Speothos venaticus), but are most related to, but not directly related to the Crab eating dog (Cerdocyon thous).

[@burialgoods]

I believe this video format will be successful. Newly subscribed

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you!! I hope so! I've made quite a large list of videos that I would like to make so I will be working my way through the whole animal kingdom in 2022! Thanks for subscribing!

[@marceloferreira7677]

Such a great work, dude! Could you do a Cervidae video? Anyway, thank for the great content.

[@indyreno2933]

A member of Cervidae is called a deer.

[@thewurstcase261]

I wish you would have talked about the issue of wolf-coyote hybrids.

[@chicob.8419]

Bush dogs are also known as vinegar dogs, due to the smell of their urine having a similar odor. They also have membranes in their "fingers", since the areas they live are usually wet/full of rivers.

[@daniel-ek9kf]

That was a great video

[@robkeener7740]

I enjoyed the vid and learned some new things as well

[@alexisrodriguezcancino]

I understand that recent researches show the appearance of coyotes in South America, all the way from North via Panama, could be interesting to dive into this happening, anyone with more info would be appreciated thanks.

[@Wolftess]

Yes! There's so little news on it but it is happening. They have been in Panama for a while now and so far as I have read, haven't caused a stir. Will be interesting to see what they do in the varried landscape of Colombia.

[@Jane-oz7pp]

So on the dingo front, we have now got DNA evidence to suggest that they are in fact a lineage that branched off from domestic dogs somewhere between 5000 and 8000 years ago (when it is broadly understood that dingoes arrived in Australia). Which is quite exciting because it puts to rest the long held thought that they are just feral dogs. I believe that would make Canis dingo the most likely taxonomic classification.

[@intxcoldmountain2310]

beautiful work, beautiful wilderness.

[@l...]

Thank you for chapters

[@akiraasmr3002]

African Wild Dogs are not only the worlds most colorful canine but they are the oldest canine in the world even older than wolves.

[@billyyank5807]

​@@meteorothunder1728not even close. Completely different looking.

[@billyyank5807]

Most people don't understand they are a completely different species than other dogs and wolves. Their evolution split a long time ago from other wolves.

[@skooled6752]

I love these videos and channel, but the African wild dog, Dhole, and Bush dog are in a family of their own. That’s why they don’t fight over food when they make a kill, they don’t eat carrion, they don’t howl but instead chirp, and are hyper carnivores like cats. Meaning they can only eat meat. Whereas wolves, Dingo, coyotes will eat berries, nuts and have a strong enough stomach for carrion. Also they fight a lot after a kill to reinforce pack status. Also wolves, coyotes, and Dingos will split up to hunt small prey when times are rough. The African wild dogs, Dhole, and Bush never split up unless a couple stay at the den to watch the pups. Also the dhole wild dog branch have sharper molars for shearing meat off the bone while wolves, Dingos, and coyotes have flatter molars to crack bone to eat the marrow since they sometimes scavenge

[@VanaraVegeta]

I read somewhere that DHOLE starts eating their PREY while chasing them. AND DINGOS came from INDIA 4000 years ago.

[@tmrevenge]

Thanks pal great vid

[@liddz434]

Great video. Not sure if you covered it but there’s also a New Guinea highland wild dog or as it’s commonly known, the ‘singing dog’.

[@jsfmcdill]

No mention of the Red Wolf? Native to the southeast United States but critically endangered.

[@canatowtu7823]

When he said they are the largest canines on earth weighing up to 65Kg, was he not including dogs in canines. I have a 72kg Great Dane and the one I had before weighed in at 85Kg. We've met an English Mastiff who weighed 104Kg. I always thought wolves were bigger.

[@belland_dog8235]

He was talking about wild dogs, so no he wasn't including them.

[@spencersmith4373]

@@belland_dog8235 but he didn't say largest wild dog, he said "largest canine on earth", which is wrong.

[@jasonmatthewoliver3810]

@@spencersmith4373 Context.

[@richardbutkis]

@@jasonmatthewoliver3810 Yea canine is a specific term. It's almost like words matter. Say what you mean and mean what you say. It's supposed to be an educational video so the words used should be carefully chosen so people don't get confused.

[@jasonmatthewoliver3810]

@@richardbutkis that's funny, I was thinking the same thing. After all, the exact definition of canine is: "- relating to or resembling a dog or dogs. - (zoology) relating to animals of the dog family." If you're going to dictate education, how about you get one?

[@DeadAlcoholZombie]

My sisters: Slim, long legged, beautiful maned Wolves. Me: Smol round Bushdog. Thanks, genetics.

[@ElderSwamp]

Grazie mille!! Che video ben fatto, informativo e completo 👏👏 le immagini in video sono bellissime, immagino sia stato complicato trovarne per alcune specie. Complimenti!

[@pookypoopoopoo]

Dingos are actually pretty much like a stray dog

[@michelleken.]

The domestic dog as know it today, is actually (still) a subspecies of the grey wolf (Canis lupus), because they actually are domesticated wolfs. With the species name of a dog being 'Canis lupus' too, and the subspecies name being 'Canis lupus familiaris'. The full subspecies name of an actual (grey) wolf is 'Canis lupus lupus'. 1:59 - So the species name of a domestic dog is not 'Canis familiaris', but 'Canis lupus familiaris'. But they are indeed informally called 'Canis familiaris' sometimes, although that's not actually correct.

[@indyreno2933]

You are correct, in fact, this is why all domestic mammals are cladistically subspecies or junior synonyms of their wild ancestors.

[@UniDocs_Mahapushpa_Cyavana]

​@@indyreno2933 Except for cows and any similar cases where the wild version of the species is extinct. Actually, it depends on the type of cow, but for the European version that is true at least.

[@Triple3P]

There is also a alpine dingo in the southern highlands of Australia they are extremely rare and look more wolfish than a standard dingo.

[@beingnex9960]

Can't wait for part 2 🥳

[@rll-3997]

I liked your content, wait for part 2

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you! I will try and get to foxes as soon as possible then! Merry Christmas

[@aldyleeson]

🇧🇷 Maned Wolf & Bush Dog ❤❤

[@meanwhile-in-realville]

The Maned wolf has a very distinctive loud roar bark. It's really cool go look it up

[@Ro-ie9ic]

So sick honestly, I came across your cat video the other day I think I’ll subscribe 😎

[@Textbooktravel]

Thank you!!

[@AnAn-te5op]

wild dog, wild cat - all of them is predator, but all of them so cute and fluffy 😍

[@zebedeemadness2672]

Dingo dogs and New Guinea singing dogs are (Canis familiaris), they are a primitive semi-domestic land breed that derived from dogs from Asia like the Indian pariah dogs, the way they look is because man was involved in there development. If we was to give Dingo dogs and New Guinea singing dogs full species status of (Canis dingo), then we would have to give full species status to dogs like Indian pariah dogs, American Carolina yellow dogs, African basenji even the Japanese breeds like Shikoku dog, Kishu dog, Kai ken dog, Hokkaido inu dog, Amita inu dog, Shiba inu dogs. As they are just as old as the Dingo dog and New Guinea singing dogs and derived from the same Asian dogs, all dogs (Canis familiaris) this includes Dingo dogs and New Guinea singing dogs are more related to eachother than they are to any living Grey wolf subspecies (Canis lupus), and all Grey wolf subspecies (Canis lupus) is more related to eachother than they are to any dog breed (Canis familiaris). Dogs (Canis familiaris) spit away from Grey wolves (Canis lupus), either just pre-(Canis lupus) or very early-(Canis lupus), the dogs (Canis familiaris) historical wolf ancestral line died out, there are no living Grey wolf (Canis lupus) subspecies that has a detect line to dogs (Canis familiaris), so Grey wolf (Canis lupus) and Dog (Canis familiaris) are more sister species, that share ancestral direct ancestry but not a modern direct ancestry, so they are closely related but spit paths.

[@monkeymanchronicles]

I truly prefer to consider dogs and dingos pure subspecies of grey wolf just because of the relatively common (both historic and prehistoric) hybridization with other grey wolves. Himalayan and Indian Wolves are also more basal to other wolves than modern dogs are… which means that if we exclude dogs from the Gray Wolf taxonomic species we must also exclude Indian and Himalayan wolves. That just doesn’t sound right to me.

[@zebedeemadness2672]

@@monkeymanchronicles Like i said, all dogs (Canis familiaris) this includes Dingo dogs and New Guinea singing dogs, are more related to eachother than they are to any living Grey wolf subspecies (Canis lupus), and all Grey wolf subspecies (Canis lupus) is more related to eachother than they are to any dog breed (Canis familiaris). It's looking like the "subspecies" Himalayan wolf (Canis lupus chanco) based on DNA data could be removed from (Canis lupus), and be placed as full species Himalayan wolf (Canis himalayensis) in the next few years, sitting between the Prairie wolf (Canis latrans) and the Grey wolf (Canis lupus). Like i said if we was to give Dingo dogs and New Guinea singing dogs full species status, we would have to apply that to dogs (Canis familiaris) like Indian pariah dogs, American Carolina yellow dogs, African basenji even the Japanese breeds like Shikoku dog, Kishu dog, Kai ken dog, Hokkaido inu dog, Amita inu dog, Shiba inu dogs etc.

[@indyreno2933]

@Zebedee madness and @Andre Pugliese, the dingo and new guinea singing dog are more often regarded as separate species from the grey wolf, also, the domestic dog is not cladistically a separate species from the Grey Wolf (Canis Lupus), because the domestic dog descended from grey wolf subspecies, it is actually a subspecies of grey wolf, to be fair all domestic mammals are cladistically subspecies of their wild ancestors.

[@zebedeemadness2672]

@@indyreno2933 If the Dingo dog and New Guinea singing dog are regarded as separate species from the Grey Wolf (Canis lupus), then so are Domestic dog. Domestic dog, Dingo dog and New Guinea singing dog are more related to each other in (Canis familiaris), than they are to Grey wolf (Canis lupus). Dingo dog and New Guinea singing dog came from semi-domestic dogs from Asian, that came from a wolf like Caninae that was just pre-(Canis lupus) or very early-(Canis lupus) that is now extinct. If Dingo dog and New Guinea singing dog was to be given status of (Canis familiaris dingo) or (Canis dingo), there are other primitive breeds of (Canis familiaris) that should be treated the same.

[@indyreno2933]

@Zebedee madness, actually, the the domestic dog is cladistically a subspecies of Grey Wolf (Canis Lupus), and the dingo and new guinea singing dog are considered separate species from the grey wolf and may not be closely related to the domestic dog, the similarities between the domestic dog and the two wild dogs native to oceania might be down to convergent evolution, within the genus Canis, the new guinea singing dog and dingo (collectively known as oceanian Wild dogs) may have actually descended from extinct dhole-like representatives of the genus Canis that lived in Southeast Asia that hopped from island to island.

[@C720L]

Great videos :-) thank you

[@jeepstertj556]

very well done informative video about canines

[@michaelpriestley1304]

Can we acknowledge that the coywolf is not the same as a coyote? They average 60+ pounds, hunt in actual packs and have completely covered the eastern united states at this point in time

[@tomfarfalla7821]

The only thing I’ll say that I disagreed with was Dingos. Pure bred dingos are always red. And you can find pure breds on Fraser Island in Qld, Aus. (A conservation plan to not allow domesticated dogs there, to keep the pure breds Bure). Most of the mainland dingoes have mated with other domesticated dogs, which is the only reason they have other colours other than red. There aren’t very many mainland pure breds left. Which is why Fraser Island is the best chance to see the pure breds.

[@damonroberts7372]

A UNSW genetic survey of culled wild dogs in NSW found that the overwhelming majority were _pure_ dingo, followed by hybrids with dingo-dominant ancestry: and also that coat colour was not a useful guide to breed purity. Different coat colours provide effective camouflage in different habitats. The paper is titled, "Pelage variation in dingoes across southeastern Australia: implications for conservation and management" (Cairns et al., 2021). Dingos don't cross-breed as easily with domestic dogs as is commonly supposed, because of differences in their reproductive cycles.

[@trudywhite7135]

Hi, This is a fantastic video. Thank you. A note for future videos: The transcript - I was watching it along with the video - has some typos. I can hear, but for someone relying on the transcript for comprehension or looking for spelling of key words, typos may lead some viewers in the wrong direction.

[@patrick-rb3ul]

I live in the South West. Twice on different occasions, while on long Cross Country runs, I have come across what is described as a short haired stout red dog that is native on the Navajo Reservation Area and it runs wild.