All in One: A/R, Compressor Maps, Turbo Lag, Surge, Twin Scroll, VGT, Wastegate +more

[@d4a]

Support the channel by shopping through this link: amzn.to/3RIqU0u Patreon: www.patreon.com/d4a Become a member: kzbin.info/door/wosUnVH6AINmxtqkNJ3Fbgjoin Sub-Channel: kzbin.info/door/t3YSIPcvJsYbwGCDLNiIKA The video does not explain how a turbo works, in case you need the fundamentals of the operating principles that's here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jKHGlYysfJWeb68 Here's boost control explained in more detail: kzbin.info/www/bejne/noqsfZKOq9GMiqc Turbo flutter and blow-off valves in more detail: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eHe7epqDesRoi6M Practical video that shows everything that needs to be done to turbocharge an NA engine: kzbin.info/www/bejne/naTOnJl8j72qsKs

[@ymasdreuo7244]

A/R is Area over Radius ( you said ratio )

[@theblackhand6485]

This video extremely hard to watch due to KZbin commercials almost every two minutes. Please fix this! Thank you.

[@theblackhand6485]

Couldn't follow the content of this video because it was extremely hard to watch due to annoying and interfering KZbin commercials almost every two minutes. Please fix this! Thank you.

[@allYou.Be1]

Nock Nock 🫥

[@nate9479]

I have a possibly weird question but is it possible to put a turbo in series with another turbo or are exhaust gases usually more pressurized than most turbos? or is this just not useful at all, pure theoretical of course

[@WONMARK]

a) you forgot the intro b) we need a full video on the compressor map c) thank you very much for this video

[@d4a]

a) I stopped doing the intro a while ago, I feel like it's a waste fo time? Maybe I'm too utilitiarian. b) Might do a dedicated video in the future but I think this is everything that the average enthusiast needs. c) No problem, you're welcome, thanks for watching.

[@johnnyblue4799]

@@d4a Keep the no intro. Works for me too. Thanks for the video.

[@Splarkszter]

​@@d4aNo idea. I have sponsorblock anyways but i'm an uncommon type of viewer.

[@PhnRvTjN]

@d4a needs no intro, he is the intro.

[@MarianoLu]

@@PhnRvTjNthis

[@802Garage]

Me: Tries to learn everything about turbos for years. D4A: Puts it all in one video like a boss.

[@n4spd396]

would like it but it at sacred 69 likes. i like the vid istead

[@Manuqtix.Manuqtix]

You need to do a lot of push-ups!!

[@tarstarkusz]

Turbos suck. They are a band-aid to the terrible legal problems with engines. Everyone wants to get rid of big engines for some ridiculous reason. Despite using (some) energy normally wasted out of the exhaust, they make the engine less efficient at high output because the turbo itself uses a lot of energy. They introduce complexity and cost and are very expensive to repair. They also tend to reduce the life of the engine they are hooked to.

[@802Garage]

@@tarstarkusz Yeah I'm not gonna lie you're just incredibly biased and underinformed. Turbos are not even that complex and are quite reliable with proper maintenance. They use waste energy to operate and increase overall engine efficiency. Also diesels and performance in general. Turbos aren't the right solution to every problem, but they are awesome.

[@tarstarkusz]

@@802Garage Diesels are not gasoline engines. On a gasoline engine, they are not more efficient. They use more gas generating more power than a larger engine would use generating the same power. Where the advantage comes in is while producing less power. A v8 mustang (for example) uses more gas at the same speed than a 4 cylinder mustang (BSFC). This is the effect that turbo chargers enable. They use less gas at lower power output. But as soon as you want that turbo power, the gas mileage drops to that below a v8. Sorry, but no. A large number of turbos will not last the life of the car. They will need repair or replacement before the life of the car is over. Some, perhaps even the majority will survive the life of the car, especially if maintenance is followed to the T. Replacement or repair is very expensive.

[@wual.]

Turbo bible 🙏

[@d4a]

Maybe I should change the thumb 😆

[@d4a]

Well, I changed it! Thanks for the idea 😃

[@wual.]

@@d4a Sick! I feel honored 😁

[@traviscopeland4151]

Spending my Sunday in the Church of Boost! 😀

[@9q09]

did you change it back to something else? I swear I saw the turbo Bible thumbnail, but now it's showing a different thumbnail.

[@Versedian]

You've become one of the few channels that is an instant click and and instant like from me. Appreciate you. Great video as always.

[@mattiashakansson2865]

As the turbo said: I am a big fan.

[@apriltucker4659]

😂

[@GewelReal]

Unless it's a small one

[@chakradjuzeus9275]

Ha! 😅

[@chakradjuzeus9275]

@@GewelRealWith big fan energy

[@edwardneal4819]

I'm so glad I subscribed to your channel. In the United States, auto shop has been completely removed from our high schools. That is a shame. It could benefit so many young people. That being said... I believe you would make a GREAT teacher! Please present more videos like this one. 👍

[@darrenweber3308]

I second this comment in its entirety! I remember when Boost School first started, and I'd stay up every evening the next episode came out specifically to watch it after my parents went to bed!

[@charleshorseman55]

Yes, they are now learning how to swap genders and how to perform adult activities using the correct pronouns.

[@emerycottle3166]

It’s definitely still out there, but you’re right. For the most part, a lot of schools don’t have it anymore. It truly is sad. The world would be a better place if people knew more stuff about cars.

[@reubenmorris487]

In the USA, school has been removed from schools.

[@wheelie63]

i don't even care that much about turbo stuff, but it don't hurt to learn things and you are SO smart , it's just good for my brain to listen to you whenever possible, thx,

[@Potato5auce]

Great video! The compressor map explanation has cleared up the last gap in my knowledge of turbos!

[@d4a]

Thank you, sincerely appreciated

[@daijoubu1986]

When I was previously researching on turbos prior to tuning, I had to go through many multiple videos and articles to learn about turbos, and now everything is summed up in just one video. It's amazing that no one has done it before, so kudos to your comprehensiveness and more importantly your ability to explain it in a way that makes it easy to understand!

[@krimsono4746]

For anyone choosing between turbine housings - keep in mind that A/R is only ONE part of the puzzle and does not solely determine boost threshold or response. It's a significant contributor yes, but so is your tune, turbine wheel, exhaust manifold, camshafts, head flow, exhaust back pressure etc etc. There are so many other ways to improve response. What I'm trying to say is don't be afraid of picking a larger turbine housing and/or wheel, especially if running a "large" compressor. It's also not a bad idea to leave some headroom for your future power addicted self😉 Great video as always d4a!

[@darrenweber3308]

Agreed! I have a 2004 Audi TT with the 1.8T 225hp engine and a K04-022 turbo. I did a rebuild and some upgrades last year, and one of those upgrades was a CHRA that featured a more aggressive compressor wheel. My God boost response has shot through the roof! It's almost instant, just from improving flow and upgrading the compressor wheel!

[@christopherlowery855]

I have a .86 AR T3 turbo mounted to a 1.8L I-4 BP engine. Turbo lag is noticible, but full boost (18.6 psi/1.28 bar currently) is a little crazy. I'm not really chasing ponies, but I do want to bump up the power a little more. The engine can certainly handle it. The clutch... I'll need a better pressure plate. Cheers.

[@charleshorseman55]

Noone after peak hp cares about response, noone after efficiency is after peak hp, noone after peak response is after peak efficiency. How well you can waste gas to keep spooled AND flow is key. There is a reason why exhaust headers are so meticulously engineered for scavenging effect. It doesn't have to get thrown out with the turbine restriction.

[@krimsono4746]

@@charleshorseman55 it’s always a compromise. And running external gate where possible is a bonus in every way, especially when running a relatively small hotside

[@krimsono4746]

@@christopherlowery855Sweet, I’d imagine it really woke up the mid&top range! A stronger pressure plate on a stuck clutch works wonders. Just be aware that swapping in a significantly stronger plate will make the clutch pedal noticeably heavier Good luck with the build!

[@MattyEngland]

All your videos are excellent, but this is definitely some of your best work yet.

[@erikziak1249]

This is likely the best video covering a wide range of topics regarding turbos, with just the right amount of information given. Thank you.

[@ATomRileyA]

That was one of the most informative videos i have watched on Turbocharger sizing and such. Great work.

[@Batman-n1q1v]

I:ve owned a turbo Volvo for the past 20 years, rebulit and modified it. And for the first time i completely understand what I've done. Absolutely brilliant tutorial!

[@techquirks707]

0:10 I think it stands for Area over Radius (not Ratio), hence it gives you the Ratio of Area to Radius ✌

[@d4a]

I said Ratio? Uhhhh....crap. it's explained properly later on!

[@techquirks707]

@@d4a no worries. I was neat peaking ☺️. Your content is always great 👍

[@christopherlowery855]

​@@techquirks707I think you meant "nitpicking" Ironic, lol.

[@techquirks707]

@@christopherlowery855 no I didn’t. Ohh, you didn’t get it didn’t ya. That’s neat 😉

[@loganshirey8377]

Yeah this left me very confuses, this is a pretty significant gaffe... Made me question if I understood anything

[@caseyhanas3311]

There simply is no better guide for anything turbo related, bar none! Watching this 3 times over will be far more worthwhile than watching two hour's worth of the best information you can find on KZbin. D4A (Driving for Answer's) keeps things simple, while also diving into so much detail, sometimes it'll make your head spin! KZbin needed this a decade ago, it's a shame it hasn't been given more praise, recognition, and credibility, but all a matter of time I guess. Way to go D4A!

[@riogrande163]

FINALLY I can wrap my head around the compressor map. Once again, D4A proving why he's arguably the best Automotive education channel around!

[@Danger_mouse]

Another great video. I had issues with A/R numbers on the homologated T3 turbo back in the 90s on my Nissan 910 rally car. Unfortunately then, you couldn't just look in a catalogue and buy exactly what you wanted, you needed to find another car with the housing you needed... 😒 We couldn't flow enough gasses out of the turbine housing and wastegate to regulate boost. I had to cap the rpm at 6250 to stop uncontrolled boost creep 😢

[@lassebrustad]

I have no idea how, but you're able to make technical videos about engines and turbos, but so simple to understand, that I really want to watch your videos I've learned a lot by you so far, even some things that car hobbyists around where I live doesn't even believe is true, like the EGR delete video you made as I've chiptuned my car, but didn't want EGR delete coding, people really think it will be stuffed, but so far, my car got 208k km on it, and still running really well. 2011 VW Passat 1.6 TDi Bluemotion, manual transmission, tuned from 105 to 140 hp, stage 1

[@yurrboi]

Cleared up some misconceptions I had about certain parts of turbos Much more concise than I expected, but still explaining everything I needed to know Great vid! When you'd made that post about a turbo bible, I was fully prepared to sit and watch a 1hr+ long vid lol

[@Pooneil1984]

Very nicely done. Simple enough that an engineering enthusiast with no auto training can understand.

[@neo_265]

Blown away by the level of detail.....and how easy you made understandable too.

[@d_rooster]

You are on some level man. Also your communication skills are amazing, wish I had a professor like you in high school!

[@deanrobinson7868]

Well done, I came looking for diesel answers, but left smarter for your petrol explanation. Then you tied it all together at the end. Bravo.

[@krakhedd]

I "understood" most of this from a "pick it up as I go along", but to actually have it all put together in one place and explained is pretty awesome! Great video, thanks!! Glad I waited to today to watch it, I'd have been way too tired last night to soak much of this up!!

[@allamatech]

I don't have a car but I love the technology and mechanicals of auto parts. I never seen someone better than you in explaining the mechanics that deep.

[@skittishgaming4279]

cant wait for every video. the Busso video has to be one of my favs , watched it gazillion times it helps me sleep no offence there its just its a very ASMR video

[@FOX11GUY]

Thank you for the over simplification on compressor maps. This makes comparing turbos for a desired power output much easier.

[@Macintoshiba]

I just want to say, I really enjoy your set. I dont remember when you started using it, but its colour scheme reminds me of warm memories about professional school.

[@JackdeDuCoeur]

Wow! What great work you've done. Very clear and well delivered. Thank you very much for this. Primo product!

[@ap0llo.0ne51]

Absolutely incredible! Thank you so so SO much. I knew about the definitions of most of these terms such as the A/R or trim but never learnt about how varying the values would affect turbo performance

[@baseder514]

Me who will probably never put a turbo or supercharger on my car: hmm, this could be usefull some day.

[@d4a]

Never say never 😉

[@baseder514]

@@d4a one turbocharged 1.4 liter 2008 Fiat Grande Punto coming up!

[@g.w.customcreations3534]

​@baseder514 this sounds hilarious. Could really annoy the Abarth 500 crowd too, which is always a good thing. 😂

[@ClockDev]

What a really complete and well explained video! I'm pretty sure a lot of auto mechanic teachers will use this video to explain turbos :-)

[@Izento]

Thanks for this video. I'm building a hybrid turbo by replacing my Garrett GT2871r with a new compressor wheel and this helped me figure out inducer and exducer terminology.

[@silasbodmer2030]

It would be so cool to see a Video on electric Turbos, as they are now implemented in the new Porsches. I think they have a large potential in many applications.

[@MrXenon1977]

Absolutely stunning and informative video, thanks a lot! Without any criticism about that: What the hell happened to the VGT-Turbine you have shown?

[@pierrevillemaire-brooks4247]

Great presentation ! I feel like I just went through a full fledged class on turbos. Thanks 😀

[@autumnjeserich2689]

I'm a NA engine person but I still have to watch because your videos are great

[@JoaoZagoSJC]

It's a great video. Don't be mad.but I would like to see other dictionaries like this one. Diesel fuel injection system would be my vote for the next! Thank you!

[@automaniac5458]

Hey man, thanks for the video. Been looking for videos on youtube to explain compressor maps with little success. Its great that you have siplified garret installer connect course to an entry level understanding, especially with the hose stuff. Great work man. Keep it up.

[@Brian-bh2ix]

Your videos are the best, you’re a very talented and intelligent person. I would love for you to do a second video on the Stirling engine. I find them very fascinating and I know you can go into depth on the different configurations and styles and how they work.

[@bitrage.]

Omg... The surge sounds SOOOO GOOD THO!!!! DAT FLUTTER!!!❤❤❤❤ that's an absolutely gorgeous twin scroll manifold... best video I have seen to summerize a turbo!

[@Arnys1000]

Babe, wake up, new driving 4 answers video just dropped

[@TheGinger1]

That was brilliant. I feel like I'm going to have to watch it a few times to really absorb it fully. Thank you for all your hard work on this. I've watched lots of videos on turbos but none have explained things as well as you have.

[@Rollin8.0]

My W/L ratio is pretty low (number of videos watched divided by number of videos liked) but this gets an instant Like. Fantastic content 👌

[@IhabFahmy]

_This is a great primer. I hope it encourages viewers to delve deeper into turbocharger slection/design. More likely though, I hope it stops enthusiasts from making inexperienced mistakes when selecting an aftermarket turbo for their application. Thank you for putting this together._ 🙏

[@SimonRothE46]

Awesome video! The compressor map section was really helpful!

[@stevenhambulo2339]

This channel differentiate me from others. Just wishing to meet live . I want to become like this man for me to improve vehicles performance in our country

[@baccchi4425]

this is what i've been looking for, thank you for such a good video!

[@321ror]

Excellent presentation, excellent overlay of the technicals into layman terms! I am blown away by thr quality of your videos! Bravo! 👏👏

[@alexandergenna3048]

Your videos are simply my favorite car videos on yt. The info contained is insane.

[@MrLince-hr4of]

thx for this lession👍

[@maxlagewaard8959]

This filled up a lot of gaps in my understanding, thanks very much!

[@emilienamaury3839]

LoL, 2 days ago I was looking to some parameter for "how to choose a turbo", and really I havn't understand the compressor map. So thx to you, I had understand now.

[@mundea]

Brilliant video, i have a very limited knowledge of most mechanical components of cars - never mid the turbo - and it's great to have a full guide

[@Speeder-718]

Regarding the wastegate... One additional drawback of the internal wastegate is that when it is just starting to open, all the hot gas flow is directed only at a tiny area of the housing, around the exhaust port. This can usually heat up the housing unevenly, and will cause the housing the crack over time. This is exaggerated for larger sized turbos. External wastegates open just like an engine valve, so gas flows instantly around the entire circumference of the exhaust port, making heat cycles more even.

[@Laylander]

I can second that! Open up any 20yo turbine housing and you'll find it cracked. It doesn't seem to impact performance all that much until they crack all the way through though.

[@emekauzo5358]

Insightful! But, for larger engines, there is something called wastegate and bypass, which helps to prevent surge in the compressor wheel and turbine wheel respectively. Also, what you call "Compressor map/Efficiency Island" can also be called "Gas Envelope". VGT is also known as Variable Inlet Guide Vane. Nice video. Keep it up 👍

[@reubenmorris487]

This is one of best videos created by driving 4 answers.

[@apollonitro4802]

Thank you d4a for this video. This clears up so much nonsense that Ive on the internet about turbos

[@Nadi-Ger]

Perfect! The BMW Prince engine has those twin scroll turbos, I didn't quite get what that meant. Now I know!! Thanks!

[@PhatKnoob]

Just as I'm looking into taking my car to the next level, you release this banger. Keep it up mate, love the vids

[@slightlyinsaneraf]

Great video as always. VGT, AR and trims very nicely explained

[@c.a.r.s.carsandrelevantspecs]

Fantastic video! Definitely one of my favorites!

[@Art_Vandelay_Industries]

So much work went into this video and it really shows. Very informative! Also: I never knew that the turbo flutter is a bad thing. It sounds so cool!

[@Quartolone]

Regarding VGT and temperatures, we can remember the bwm series 3 (320d) that, due the closeness of the kat to the turbo, kept increasing the temperatures and frying the VGT (in a certain range of years, if i reckon 2005-2012).

[@tomy8339]

Awesome video! Very informative. 😊 As someone who drives a twin turbo Kia Stinger, I found this really interesting.

[@CrashLarue]

Waited for the release of the 'Vette ZR1 before dropping this comprehensive turbo video. Smart.

[@beaugerbrands5118]

Very interesting video, one that I will revisit as a refresher. I recently discovered that my Volvo V40 has a VGT on a 1.6 Peugeot engine. This setup isn't powerful but a very good balance between high MPG and performance.

[@robculver1371]

Thanks man. Respect to the teacher, that was easy to watch.

[@gottliebdee263]

I learn something on every one of these videos. A/R number was new to me today.

[@cannaroe1213]

Most important thing, well, the compression map. Its the piston engine equivalent of a BSFC map.

[@anthonysharpe5104]

Massive thanks. So simply and yet thoroughly explained.

[@borism4629]

Excellent video, all basics in one simple video. Master you tuber.

[@FoamCrusher]

Like just about every engineering solution there are lots of variables and collectively they can be biased for specific applications. You did a great job explaining how the variables all interact. Are you sure you aren’t an engineer? I had a 2017 Lincoln 2.7 L twin turbo V6 (basically a Ford Edge RS with a nicer interior). I was amazed how well the Ford engineers chose all the variables so that they achieved 335Hp with minimal lag and a smooth acceleration curve with decent durability. Unless you knew the engine was turbocharged you didn’t notice any negative turbo characteristics, so it made for a great daily driver with great performance headroom, that was just about all the other components like brake, tires and suspension could handle.

[@Lawdog652]

What I would LOVE to see is a Supercharger video next, and then the pros and cons of each in a follow up.

[@Lawdog652]

Partially because I am almost finished with a Supercharged 5.3L Iron Block LM7 and I want to see the cons of that vs the Turbo I could have installed.

[@d4a]

I could do it but I feel like turbo vs supercharger videos have been done to death?

[@markchapman2585]

Always learn something new watching your Channel

[@superchargedregal]

Very well explained. Thanks for the video. I am looking forward to your suspension video.

[@Kussler88]

Great Video. One more interesting topic to address would be boost creep!

[@BrownR87]

This was great. I would love a supercharger version of this video too one day :)

[@jessedejager6556]

Excellent video, the only area I saw that could use more explanation is how a anti-surge housing works.

[@kevwills858]

And thats pretty much the Basics explained very well 😊👍👍

[@Kilgorebass7]

This channel kicks ass! 🎉

[@Chris-l9w9g]

Thank you for your work, excellent explanations as usual! Your channel is a must for every mechanics enthusiasts! 🙏

[@elvisnikulin8674]

have been waiting for this video! please go into more depth in future ones about how all the systems effect the compressor map

[@gabrielrenaud1965]

Great video as always! It help a lot to wrap my head around all the different specs!

[@snakezdewiggle6084]

Great Tutorial. 👍 I hope ppl now understand the science and math of boosted induction.

[@keithmcdonnell4485]

Very comprehensive yet understandable!

[@ateamfan42]

Describing the effect of boost threshold as "turbo lag" is a very common misconception made by individuals and journalists alike. It is refreshing to see the concepts correctly distinguished here.

[@ollimatik]

Super great video - thanks! Love the old clicking table of contents!

[@JDMolexe]

this was the therapy i needed

[@rocketsurgeon11]

The VNT turbo was first used on mass production gasoline vehicles in 1989 by Honda and Shelby on separate vehicles. The Honda was a small displacement engine only in JDM. The Shelby was the CSX-VNT, then Chrysler made Daytona's, LeBaron's and Shadow's with the VNT in 1990 before pulling the plug.

[@Large_Mineral]

Babe wake up, the GOAT posted a new video

[@umakemerandy3669]

Very cool man! I love your vids and this one was great. Even though I know most of this stuff very well I enjoy your presentations and being a gearhead I just cant get enough

[@eahenrie]

Yet another informative, well researched, and interesting video. Keep up the good work, I appreciate it.

[@HachiMiura]

Thank you so much for posting this. Your videos are always great at explaining things. I've long been exclusively an NA kinda guy as I like revs and response (I have an AE86 with a 4AG). However, I recently purchased a classic Saab 900 Turbo after desiring one for quite some time partially as something mechanically very different and interesting to what I am used to. Those damn compressor maps have never made much sense for me, and there are many other things about turbos I want to learn to help with my old school Saab, so the timing of your video could not have been better for me personally.

[@RifaTawe]

wow, you've really outdone yourself with this one!

[@wtavares30]

Congratulations from Brazil 🇧🇷!

[@adrianv8285]

21:04 that surge took me by surprise and left me gasping for air 🫣

[@aboodz]

Your videos are really well made and easy to follow! I really appreciate the effort that goes into them. Could you recommend textbooks for someone who would like to learn more technical details and develop the ability to perform quantitative analysis? I have a background in Physics and *should* be able to absorb material at either graduate or undergraduate level. Thanks again for your quality work!

[@demiproductions9902]

Great video, i'm a big fan!