Anatomy & Physiology (118) | Composition of Blood | Plasma Protein | Functions of Plasma Protein

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Plasma protein constitute about 07% of plasma are mainly produced by liver. The plasma protein plays a vital role in maintaining normal osmotic pressure of blood around 25mmHg as they are unable to pass through capillary membrane due to their large size and remain within the blood and exert colloidal osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is very important factor involved in fluid exchange across capillary wall. If the plasma protein level falls due to reduced production or loss from blood vessels, osmotic pressure is also reduced. This condition results in excessive filtration of water from blood into tissue causing oedema.
Albumin - The molecular weight of plasma albumin is 69,000
Globulin - The molecular weight of plasma globulin varies in the range of 90000 to 1,300,000. The globulin are mixture of several protein which can be separated by electrophoresis.
Fibrinogen - The molecular weight of plasma fibrinogen is 3,45,000. It is involved in blood clotting
Function of plasma protein -
(01) Regulation - Acid Base Balance - Plasma protein (Particularly Albumin) acts as a buffer and maintains pH of the blood. Osmotic Pressure - Albumin and globulin maintain the osmotic pressure if the blood and thus keep the plasma fluid within circulation.
(02) Transportation - Plasma protein are essential for transportation of many vital substance in blood like - Albumin acts as carrier molecule for lipids and steroid hormones and globulin carry the hormone thyroxine and insulin to the target organs
(03) Defence - Some globulin called immunoglobulin also called antibodies, play a significant role in defense mechanism of the body. These proteins are produced in response to the entry of foreign microorganism such as bacteria and virus (Antigens) and result in production of antigen-antibody complex which disable the invading organism
(04) Blood Coagulation - Fibrinogen plays a vital role in blood coagulation as it converts into fibrin and forms the blood clot.
(05) Reserve Protein - During conditions like fasting or inadequate food, the plasma protein are also referred as reserve protein
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