Anglo-Saxon Regional Dialects

Fulk, R. 2014. An Introductory Grammar of Old English.
Lass, R. 1994. Old English: A Historical Linguistic Companion.
Silly mistake of the week: I've used 'hē' rather than 'þū' in the example sentences at the end! Thanks to Owen Williams for pointing this out.

[@brawler1972]

His sideburns grow as his power level increases

[@mike-0451]

The dark side is a pathway to many abilities some consider to be unnatural...

[@brokengothdoll6203]

They ARE his super power like Samson's hair.

[@ninjacell2999]

They allow him to speak Old English

[@allegra101]

Going for that classic 1846 daguerrotype look

[@Hubert4515]

PLEASE SIMON GET RID OF THOSE

[@zekleinhammer]

Watching all the goat footage thank you very much

[@Odinsday]

Simon becoming Old English Elvis Presley

[@Jettypilelegs]

DustyO'Rusty thou ist all shooketh up.

[@TheWizardOfTheFens]

You mean he’s becoming Ælfish?

[@sirmount2636]

Ealvisc Præslig

[@MadMogsy]

It's 1am in the UK, I was seconds away from turning my phone off and getting into bed. Then this is uploaded, a subject I'm particularly interested in. Simon you fantastic bastard. Sleep will have to wait...

[@MadMogsy]

@obsoleteUbiquity One of life's greatest mysteries

[@brokengothdoll6203]

"He's not a linguist. He's a very naughty boy."

[@evanjohnson6884]

by the way, instead of putting a timestamp in the video itself, you can actually make timestamps as a list in the descriptions like this: 0 : 00 beginning 1 : 23 next thing, etc. and when you do youtube will make little divisions in the scrub bar that are easy to click to.

[@d.2605]

Well done Simon. You're a complete alpha lad for the goat footage.

[@jamesmiddleton1278]

Goats are fun but a massive pain in the arse. One of mine is on the wrong side of the fence right now. FFS.

[@walmirneto2120]

Shout-out from this Brazilian anglophile. Your channel was a major finding. And the Kevin Bridges appearance towards the end was a surprise, to be sure, but a welcome one. All the best and thanks for the upload.

[@jaqhare]

I just love the snippets of video he has at the beginning and end of some of his videos. So lovely! And so unusual! I studied old English Language & Literature as part of my first degree (several decades ago now). I found these while searching something about linguistics, and am now binging on them. Such a relief after ditching Facebook and Twitter.

[@andrewbrendan1579]

Simon, if you ever decide to change the direction of your studies and career you would make a great teacher.---I live in the almost center of the continental United States. It would be interesting to get your reaction the way people speak here. Sadly I think we've lost a lot of local and regional dialect. Something rarely heard anymore that I've only heard from older men is almost a sing-song way of talking with the voice going up over and over as they speak. I remember being on a bus and hearing a rather young man, maybe 40 at most, who talked almost in chant-like way, a repeating rhythm.---As best as I know my family came here from Axminster in the early 1600's and from the Isle of Lundy. Fascinating to get an idea of how my long-ago relatives spoke. Thank you!

[@mike-0451]

The council will hear you now

[@jimmerd]

The -n dropping in Northumbrian infinitives is similar to something we do in Dutch, where the -n is almost never pronounced if it is word-final and preceded by a schwa, so "komen" (to come) is pronounced as /komə/, though it is never nasalised as you suggest Northumbrian might have been.

[@goombacraft]

Nasalisation tends to disappear over time: for example, German has "uns" where English has "us". Where did the N go? Well there is a theory - the nasal-spirant law - that combinations of a vowel, a nasal, and a "spirant" (fricative) lost their nasal consonant in Anglo-Frisian dialects and nasalised the vowel. This nasalisation then faded over time, as the distinction between "ũs" and "us" is not that important, and people are lazy. Hope this helped!

[@narapo1911]

Amazing video, love the goats, love the Anglo-Saxon regional accents, the footage from the historical farm really set the mood! Your voice is so pleasant to listen to Simon

[@missnorthumbria3658]

Uvular 'R's can still be heard in some of the elder folk in Northumberland, especially in remote areas.

[@elimalinsky7069]

Just outside Newcastle in fact, if you go to a random village pub, chances are you ought to hear some old chaps utter their uvulars.

[@geoffwheadon2897]

Owa lass sometimes rolls her "r,s" she's from owa consett way.

[@Edralis]

These videos have such wholesome vibes. Thank you, Simon! (Also thanks for the goat footage. Goats are great IMO.)

[@ahavatar425]

You live a beautiful life 😊I like the idea of blending relaxing countrylife scenes with interesting linguistical reports 👍I am a big fan of Anglo-Saxon history and culture: being myself a Continental European, I guess this must relate to some past life of mine... that I express gratitude to 😊 Thank You

[@HeyCuteEarrings]

I love this subject matter. I think there seems to be a burgeoning interest in what all aspects life were like on the day-to-day for people in the past, shown by the popularity of channels like Bernadette Banner, who does a lot around experimental sewing projects using historical practice, and Tasting History, English Heritage, Morgan Donner, Townsends, vintage egyptologist, Not Your Mama's History, Useful Charts and collaborators, and lots of others. I studied linguistics and am always interested in learning more about historical linguistics which was not a big focus of my university program. I think there's a lot of potential to garner interest in this. So many love to keep learning and understanding more about how people lived, spoke, dressed, cooked, farmed, behaved in the past and it makes them feel less far-removed and therefore more tangible and relevant for the average person. All the untold things in history books. It would be awesome to see more people with some scholastic experience with the topic make their knowledge more accessible using things like KZbin and social media, as a lot of what's put out there now is produced by amateurs who are sometimes very knowledgeable and sometimes not. Vintage_Egyptologist on Instagram is an interesting example of what this can look like. Looking forward to learning more from you.

[@AntoekneeDetaecho]

Thanks for this Simon, fascinating as always

[@westoe9909]

another one smashed out the park! really interesting. forgive me if i've missed them but i notice you havent had many videos going into the north eastern dialects specifically Geordie. being from there myself i've always been curious as to how we've ended up with the glottal stop. i've tried explaining how to perform it to people in my now southern surroundings and i cant comprehend how they fail so completely to do it.

[@mercster]

I was reading about some Tolkien stuff, and apparently his favorite dialect was Mercian. So I hope you give a demonstration, you are the only youtuber seemingly to cover this! Thanks :-)

[@rossmcleod7983]

The trouble with goats is that they have goat thoughts.

[@blewjonny]

Mercian /o/ before nasal is still present in the dialects derived from OMerc - this can be observed in lexical items such as /mɒn/ and /kɒn/ ('man' and 'can') in dialects from the NW Midlands (Lancs , Ches, NW Derbys) down to the West Midlands (Staffs, Black Country, Birmingham etc.). In parts of the NW Midlands, /l/ is pronunced with a velar quality in all positions, regardless of whether it occurs before a front or back vowel - e.g. /ɫɪtɫ/, 'little' /ɫʊɫ/, 'lull'. The failure of /æ/ to break before /l/ and retraction of the vowel to /ɑ/ (e.g. OMerc ald - WSax eald 'old') suggests that velar variants of /l/ were already a feature of Mercian OE (in stark contrast to its sister Anglian dialect, Northumbrian) - in modern dialects of the North Midlands, velarised variants have readily become vocalised in the vicinity of back vowels + /l/ - e.g. /ɑʊd/, /kɑʊd/ - 'old', 'cold' - the same process may also be observed in Modern Dutch - e.g. 'oude'

[@burymycampaignatwoundedkne3395]

The goat footage was very nice. Thank you for sharing. I grew up around them and genuinely like goats.

[@AlexThomson-EasternApproaches]

Excellent presentation. Thank you!

[@milesrout]

Great video as usual! Thanks Simon

[@amiwho6792]

Beautiful content, thank you!

[@Sprecherfuchs]

Wow, Kevin Bridges was literally the first person to pop up in my mind when you talked about vowel uvularisation

[@redere4777]

Very informative! I'd like to ask if you'd make a similar video covering the Middle English dialects at some point

[@ICULooking]

Love the comparison of linguistic history and paleontology.

[@brandonwalker2270]

Fascinating information on the English language. I’m a language and linguist enthusiast too.

[@cookielady7662]

I'm just here for the goats. Honestly, I love these videos. I'm such a language nerd.

[@stephen0793]

It's 3:30 AM. I'm here learning about Old English dialects instead of sleeping. Life is good

[@offaofmercia3329]

Excellent video as always. The harder features can certainly be heard in Scots. Mindful too of possible differences in West/East Mercian through the knotty problem of the Danelaw. But I'm sure, with no school system, print media, mass communication and inferior roads local differences could be marked even within a region. Today, I can tell the difference between Leicester, Oxford and Birmingham immediately, how much more in say 1045? Really good explanation Simon, hope you're well.

[@kirepudsje3743]

Regarding a vs o, I guess a similar transition occurred in Frisian. Although we write an 'a' in words, whenever it is followed by one of the letters s, l, d, t or n, it is pronounced as 'o'.

[@whitewhite2410]

Love your videos

[@mrsmac5196]

Thanks Simon.

[@squeezyjohn1]

There's an episode of "Last of the Summer Wine" where Wally Batty whose actor or character kept the uvular pronunciation of the rolled R sound ... I seem to remember it involved him saying "Raspberry Ruffles" a lot (an old fashioned sweet) ... I've met old people in the North West who still speak like this in the 2000s.

[@jamesflemming5182]

Thanks for the interesting video, Simon. Timely as I was actually pondering this topic yesterday haha. On the last example for Northumbrian, could it be that leahte should be affected by Anglian smoothing (ea/eo > æ/e before velars) and be lehte?

[@georgedevine6878]

Love the work, Simon! Have you read Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue by John McWhorter? It’s a great read about language change in Old English.

[@matimoore1985]

I find it quite interesting that Ik and Ic both developed separately from the Dutch Ik and the German Ich

[@simonroper9218]

All four developed from a common ancestral form in Proto-Germanic :)

[@nickc3657]

The first minute of the video gives God’s Own Country vibes 🥰

[@anarkyster]

Your hair isn't the only thing that's going out of hand Simon. Your sideburns are slowly trying to conquer the South!

[@elimalinsky7069]

The case for the word "one" is very curious. It was "on" in the northern dialects and "an" in the southern dialects. This is also where we get the indefinite article from in Modern English. Obviously we now pronounce the word as "wan", and it may reflect a merger of "an" and "on" with a sort of a glide between the two initial vowels as a compromise.

[@KindaxPlankish]

I love the chops Simon

[@luke8264]

Nice pfp 3Head

[@mustard3435]

You should make a discord server Simon

[@TheDrunkMunk]

Yes, a server for people who enjoy the channel and want to discuss OE. But make sure its not one of those weird servers that have their primary focus being the channel itself

[@aenesidemus8819]

The Virgin Discord Server against the Chad HexChat Lounge

[@c.meira32]

love ur vids Simon :))

[@Notemug]

The pharyngealization or uvularization of vowels before /r/ in some varieties of Scottish English is a known phenomenon (i.e. in addition to noticing it myself I've actually seen it mentioned in some papers). Jane Stuart-Smith has written about it, probably others as well. But I think this is a recent thing? (At least in the sense of /r/ getting weaker in working class speech, and the pharyngealization of the vowel being the only thing left from the former rhotic.)

[@divarachelenvy]

love your videos and now I love your "kids" :)

[@atbing2425]

13:48 cool, I like to believe that old English didn't have aspirated consonants since they aren't aspirated in dutch for example and therefore probably not in proto Germanic. Plus Yiddish doesn't really have aspiration as well, and Yiddish divereged from German like Less than a 1000 years ago? Somewhere in-between 500 and 1000 probably. This means German probably started aspirating their consonants probably relatively recently, so maybe English as well? I mean English and German have similar changes at relatively similar times, like the great vowel shift etc. Hus became Haus "house" in both languages around 500 years ago.

[@rudde7918]

I think aspiration was inherited from Proto-Germanic. North Germanic languages have it too. More plausible is that the Dutch and Yiddish speakers just stopped aspirating.

[@atbing2425]

@@rudde7918 yes but, first of all getting rid of aspiration is practically unheard of, and second it is possible for a lot of closely related languages to go through the same change, like how essentially all Indo European languages got rid of the laryngeals, or almost all semitic languages have a change from p to f

[@gammamaster1894]

Wow, now I understand why I pronounce all my velarised Ls as Ws, it never occurred to me that they’re both velar sounds, never though about that before. It is actually difficult for me to say a velar L. On a vaguely related note, do you know which accent would have been spoken in the area of essex, my guess would be Kentish based purely on vicinity, thanks!

[@c.norbertneumann4986]

As the name Eastseaxna Rice says, Essex was settled by Saxons. It is therefore presumable that in Essex a Saxon dialect, related to Westsaxon, was spoken. Later on, there were strong influences of Kentish and East-Anglian dialect.

[@andrewcook2334]

Think a video on evolution of mice/mouse and related things might be cool?

[@gastonkosloff9072]

your channel is great. I am a translation student and an English teacher interested in learning these stuff in depth. Do you have on pdf "an introductory Grammar of Old English"? I can't find it.

[@Noziac]

"goat footage ends at 1:55" And why the hell would i wanna do that?

[@gunnara.7860]

Hi! I have a question concerning modal particles. The German language possesses a variety of such particles. Ja, denn, doch, eben, halt, to name some examples. The same can be said of my native language, Swedish. But why are there so few modal particles in English, if any? Has there been such a feature before, but vanished over time?

[@jaojao1768]

Good question/gute Frage/bra fråga

[@ninjacell2999]

You'd probably need to check when they appeared in German, and why. Maybe that would help

[@hoathanatos6179]

English tends to prefer modal adverbs, which some Germanic modal particles could also be perceived as. We have just, even, now, and already (which was translated by German immigrants in North America from schon) as examples that I can think of.

[@hoathanatos6179]

In Early Modern English we also had but and yet that were used similarly to doch in German.

[@alisonjane7068]

i cut my own hair the other day, following along with a tutorial, and i don't regret it.

[@cheeveka3]

You so should do some studies of the Western Frisian language because other than being one few languages being closely English there is so many similar characteristics between Old English and Modern Western Frisian. Just an idea

[@user-td4do3op2d]

For anyone who wants to hear the audio recordings he mentions at 12:30, here's one! sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0041XX-0600V1

[@JoelAdamson]

Once again you have the best explanation/exploration of this topic. Now that you've laid out the differences, where does the common assertion that Modern English descends from Mercian get its support? I see this hypothesis put out as fact in lots of places, always at the end of a paragraph. In the next sentence, the topic of regional dialects has been abandoned. And is there any weight to the idea that West Saxon is closer to Old Saxon and other languages from further south on the continent? I heard Jackson Crawford say "eare" would be the right form of wesan in Northumbrian, whereas "sind(on)" would be West Saxon. "Sind" is closer to modern German, which (if Crawford is correct) suggests that West Saxon is "more German" whereas the Anglian dialects are less so. This would make sense under the hypothesis that Angles settled in Mercia and Northumbria and Saxons settled in the south. Hwæt þencest þu?

[@blewjonny]

SE (and RP) is descended from the varieties of English spoken in and around the court (in the Middle English period). The locality of the court - on the border of several major dialect areas - was instrumental in the type of English that was spoken there. ‘Court English’ was essentially a mix of south-east Midlands (< south-eastern Mercian) / Essex dialects, with influence from the dialects of the ‘South-East’ (< Kentish Old English) and the ‘South-West’ (< West Saxon OE); and considerable influence from dialects of the East Midlands - Leics, Northants, Cambs (presumably from immigration into the capital). Immigration is also held to be responsible for the adoption of one or two exclusively Northern features (e.g., Northern 3rd person verbal suffix -s [e.g. gives], which contrasted with Southern -eth [giveth]). The first mention of a standardised form came at the end of the ME period / beginning of the Early Modern English (eModE) period. George Puttenham gave his thoughts on the “best” English, in his oft-quoted ‘Arte of Poesie’ (16th C), which corresponds well to the dialects of English that formed the variety of that spoken in the Court: "Our maker therfore at these dayes shall not follow Piers plowman nor Gower nor Lydgate nor yet Chaucer, for their language is now out of vse with vs: neither shall he take the termes of Northern-men, such as they use in dayly talke, whether they be noble men or gentlemen, or of their best clarkes all is a matter: nor in effect any speach vsed beyond the riuer of Trent, though no man can deny but that theirs is the purer English Saxon at this day, yet it is not so Courtly nor so currant as our Southerne English is, no more is the far Weſterne mās speach: ye ſhall therfore take the vsuall speach of the Court, and that of London and the shires lying about London within lx. myles, and not much aboue. I say not this but that in euery shyre of England there be gentlemen and others that speake but specially write as good Southerne as we of Middlesex or Surrey do, but not the common people of euery shire, to whom the gentlemen, and also their learned clarkes do for the most part condescend2 All dialects of Old English ar essentially West Germanic - because of this, there are marked similarities between English and other W Germanic languages, particularly Dutch and Plattdeutsch (Low German); the nearest langauge to English is Frisian (English and Frisian are part of the so-called Ingvaeonic [also called North Sea Germanic] sub-branch of West Germanic), which shares some similarities with English - e.g. palatisation and / or affrication of /k/ aand /g/ before front vowels (the extent of which may have varied in OE dialects) - e.g. English 'church', Frisian 'tjerke' , Dutch 'kerk'; English 'day', Frisian 'dei' , Dutch 'dag' etc. . Of course, there are differences between English (and Dutch, Plattdeutsch) and modern German- these are due to changes which occured in High German during the medivel period (so-called Second Germanic Consosnt Shift) - see my comments on Simon's clip -'Development of 'stone' in Proto-Germanic'

[@sbeerman1919]

Can u do another philosophy one ? Or religion?

[@ferkinskin]

0:18 "Are you kidding me?" :) Goats- Kidding. :))

[@whentheleveebreaks3962]

This probably isn't foolproof, but the 'ch' to 'k' sound in Northumbrian seems to resonate in place names even today. Round the North East where I grew up, a common place-name suffix is '-wick' (i.e. Alnwick or Berwick) while down south it seems to be mostly '-wich' (i.e. Ipswich or Norwich)

[@goombacraft]

Or look in the lowlands - places like Falkirk. If you replace the Ks with CHs, you get Falchirch, sounding like Falchurch (also as Simon mentions "chiriche" vs "kirike")

[@Dariusuzu]

So the main difference between the two dialects lays mostly in the pronounciation? like in AME and BE?

[@behornedhorse4913]

Hello Simon, I have a project idea I would like to share with you. How can I best contact you?

[@jimnewton4534]

one thing that I've wondered about inflection (case inflection, number, gender etc) is that since so many ancient languages have tended to lose these case endings (probably because they fell in unstressed syllables) how might they have developed in the first place. Did inflection originally form in monotonal languages? Is that evidence that early langauges were monotonal, and tone and emphasis developed first and then tone based economization took place? Or are there examples where languages actually developed more and more inflection over time?

[@jimnewton4534]

French, for example, is quite monotonal compared to english, nevertheless has lost a huge amount of spoken inflection which still exists in writing and singing.

[@georgel1885]

Nice pun on the goats--are you kidding me?:)

[@danilodistefanis5990]

I’ve always wondered If Mercian is related to murcian in any way

[@richardsleep2045]

I've learned a bit from these vids. Are the goats from Buster Farm, I'm guessing:)

[@simonroper9218]

That's right! :)

[@fishslappa3673]

Goat

[@Livin_Fossil]

Where does the word ‘light’ come from, as in my Dutch dialect we say ‘loecht’ ( the ‘oe’ pronounced like de ‘oo’ in ‘moose’ )en not ‘licht’ like in standard dutch so can ‘light’ and ‘licht’ just be similar by coincidence and not because they are cognates which both had a ‘i’?

[@Leery_Bard]

Just one thing that I found was phrased in an unclear fashion. Your pronunciation of "lilt" isn't dialectal. It's just standard RP English: a clear and a dark "l" respectively, occurring where they should. Great stuff, man. Cheers!

[@arrangrant6037]

Stop kidding around are you kidding me you’ve really got my 🐐 🐐🐐🐐🐐🐐🐐

[@Flufficat]

Darn, those goats are cute!

[@riley02192012]

I love goats. 🥰❤

[@iceomistar4302]

I wonder if Velars were palatised before or after the invasion, old Frisian has palatised velars but in different distributions from Old English West Saxon so it could be that thry developed that sound chanhe independently with certain dialects preserving velars and others like West Saxon slowly palatising

[@iceomistar4302]

Though it must be saidOld Frisian also lacked the final /n/ in verbs that carries over into Modern Frisian dialects similar to Dutch which has also lost them though largely by coincidence most likely, this could be a Anglian connection through Northumbrian in the verb endings and even Kentish in the diphthongs.

[@iceomistar4302]

Old Frisian also fronted the vowels in Faeder and Slaep to Feder and Slep

[@jatorresh]

hey, at what region of England do you live, the north?

[@simonroper9218]

The south - my dad's side of the family is from the north, but my accent is southern :)

[@jackjenner9501]

How's the sleeping schedule on it?

[@naikummada3822]

Ah, now I can see the connection between today’s standard German “leiten” to English “to lead”. The use of “führen” is more common in this context I think. Does a leftover equivalent of “führen” still exist in English or is it a later development in German?

[@thelandadmiral9958]

The verb "führen" comes from the verb "fahren" which is related to the english verb "to fare". So, technically, English does have a related word, although it's not used in the same way typically as in German.

[@naikummada3822]

The Land Admiral Yes, thanks. That change from a to ü... seen in existent but rather unused conjunctive 2...

[@damouze]

The German verb "führen" is basically the causative of "fahren". The Old English equivalent woul be "fēran" which in Middle English became "feren" or "fearen" and would ultimately merge with the descendant of the Old English verb "faran", namely "(to) fare". I cannot think of any causative meaning of "(to) fare" at the moment, but it might be that it still has that meaning in fringe cases. Dutch also maintains a distinction between "varen" en the causative "voeren", although in Dutch "varen" only maintains the meanings "to sail", "to ascend" or "to descend" and "to fare", and unlike German, the verb does not carry the more general meanings of "to travel (by)" or "to ride".

[@naikummada3822]

Pietje Puk bedankt

[@xander1052]

I wonder what old english accents would sound like in Modern english

[@johnmackenzie6181]

Interesting that “cirice” in Northumbrian is pronounced kirike rather than chiriche. Similar to how the Scots word for church is kirk.

[@brainandforce]

Scots is a descendent of Northumbrian Old English!

[@thomasmills3934]

Ah goats... the poor man's sheep.

[@jatorresh]

third and I'm learning Old English, btw, I knew about this in a book of the history of the english

[@rofidnurramdhan2113]

Wait a minute, What about East Anglian Dialect?

[@LimeyRedneck]

💜🤠

[@fgconnolly4170]

what was wrong with that goat's udders

[@brokengothdoll6203]

Brian Hibbard

[@ethanburn8574]

So when writing, is using Anglian essentially the same as using Northumbrian? That would be my variant of the language had it survived to modern day, and I prefer to use it over others, you see. Or would it simply be better to simply 'translate' words into Norþanhymbra?

[@Hurlebatte]

I think Northumbrian was a kind of Anglian, alongside Merican.

[@apollon6870]

2:50 thats were the name wessex is form, west saxon i see now :)

[@mariadamen7886]

Sussex and Essex too

[@Fenditokesdialect]

He leads me to the heavenly light 'e leeads me to t''eavemla leet /ɪ liədz mɪ tə tɛvəmlə liːt/

[@bilbarcooks4681]

Hi Simon, I'm looking for someone with a decent knowledge of Cumbrian culture and would love to get in touch with you but can't find an email address. If you've a very short time for a brief pitch it would be great if you could get in touch. Ta

[@simonroper9218]

You can get in touch at [e-mail] - I've been quite bad at responding to emails recently because if uni things, but I'll try and get back within a few days :)

[@thebonkera1221]

Simon has become a founding father

[@schmozzer]

In Mercian that is founding feyther.

[@maddyhurricks5122]

Thanks! Do you have a video on the northern pp ending -and instead of -ing, and the qh in place of wh. For the exams I remember learning that if we saw "hrynnand on qhellis" it was northern English for "running on wheels!"

[@KincadeCeltoSlav]

Ik Elska thinn eld Angle Spak!

[@PaulDL]

Glasgow English, is heavily influenced by Scots Gaelic and Irish in the way things are pronounced (as well as sentence structure) as well as Scots - the latter being descended from old English. I don’t know enough to comment on a particular feature of Glasgow English, though.

[@schmozzer]

Even though Glasgow itself is none of those. Glasgau (green hollow) is like an early form of Welsh.

[@anirudhsinghi4037]

Hi Simon I was wondering why education is pronounced ejucation. I thought you would be the perfect person to ask.

[@simonroper9218]

Hi Anirudh :) It's a result of a common process in English where /dj/ clusters are realised as /d͡ʒ/. The same applies to other words with these clusters, like 'endure' or (in my accent at least) 'dew' and 'dune.'

[@anirudhsinghi4037]

@@simonroper9218 thanks. How did this evolve though

[@fromtheashes2555]

@@anirudhsinghi4037 could be contact with Celtic languages which have that sound as a common feature. Scottish Gaelic, Irish and Welsh use 'di' and 'de' to represent the sound spelled as 'j' in English. There's the common Irish pronunciation of the English word 'idiot' as 'eejit' for example. To my knowledge, there's no example of the sound 'dyu' in Celtic languages and you can hear that in the way many Scottish, Irish and Welsh people pronounce English words

[@tfan2222]

@@fromtheashes2555…I know I’m three years late, but no. /dj/ turning into /dʒ/ is a common sound change cross linguistically.

[@aliceestate3899]

iist das ein öffentlicher Platz mit den Ziegen (Schauhof, Ferien auf dem Bauernhof)? Wenn ja, dann darfst du gerne mal PR machen. Ziegen sind toll, als ich Kind war hatten wir immer welche.

[@carlosmiro4932]

What’s the deal with the goats?

[@heretolevitateme]

Goats want to eat everything they see and smell, but they aren't allowed to be everywhere.

[@YujiUedaFan]

Wow, no-one mentioned the GIANT testicles on the male goat?

[@jasonpalacios2705]

Wow look at those sidburns. Look like someone from 1840 or like a British Elvis Presley.

[@ericlusk-jopson1570]

Hell yea, first comment. Love your videos

[@reallystings]

Goats? You're kidding me