Anteosaurus: The Protomammal Version Of Tyrannosaurus

[@lh3540]

It's crazy to think of these animals running around where modern houses are. They seem like they're from an alien planet.

[@19megamustaine85]

if their would be life and oxygen of curse on mars they would fit their .

[@Tau_Aquila]

​@@19megamustaine85based on what the other large animals living on mars?? What are you even saying bro

[@posticusmaximus1739]

Well tully monster was swimming around what is now Illinois. Go figure

[@AustinThomasPhD]

The solar system has moved 1.8e+18 kilometers since the time of the Anteosaurus. Even relative to Earth's center, South Africa has moved something like 900-1000 km since the middle permian, so it depend on how you define 'the same spot'. Permian Earth pretty much was an alien planet. Oxygen levels at this time were somewhere in the range of 25%-28% at sea level and would be litterally leathal to humans and most contemporary life. The day was shorter, Earth's mass and atmospheric pressure would be slightly different. There would be more CO2 but the sun would be very slightly dimmer. The Earth's orbit would be different, the moon would be closer to the Earth and tides would be more pronounced, the stars in the night sky would be noticably different. etc. etc.

[@lilspacecoupe1585]

@@AustinThomasPhDyep and also the ground they walked on is underground now, covered by millions of years of erosion, volcanic activity and tectonic movements we are essentially walking on a new crust

[@Afrologist]

Great work, you'd be shocked at how little the Permian is actually covered in academia, let alone education, yet Paleoartists do the period so much justice. I honestly love the community for making the past so much more real for all of us.

[@rogerwilson53]

Ive only ever found ONE book on the permian about the fauna.

[@blazingtrs6348]

ironic because a huge chunk of permian fauna are a part of our origins

[@Afrologist]

@@rogerwilson53 It took me ages to find resources & reliable sources for the Permain for my own content, it's honestly sad how little the period is actively being researched, but we have such limited fossil data from that time that there's only so much paleontologists & naturalists can do until we keep making more finds.

[@strechemall]

Walking With Monsters was the only available resource for learning about this period back in the day.

[@gattycroc8073]

Anteosaurus, Barinasuchus, and the African Hyaenodonts definitely deserve more attention in media.

[@DavianPeters]

Exactly my friend...💯👍

[@blazingtrs6348]

i like how anteosaurus' skull looks like a mix between a bear's and a large theropod's skull

[@Neonblue84]

or a horse with terrifying teeth XD

[@AnnoyingNewslettersPage6]

@@Neonblue84that's why you're not supposed to look a gift horse in the mouth. 😦

[@Neonblue84]

@@AnnoyingNewslettersPage6 that's true, but if you go to a bar and the tender ask you "Why a so long face".😄 Hopefully Anato would't bit off the tenders head🙂

[@akiraasmr3002]

a bearopod you can say

[@titanomachy2217]

Yeah they had really unique skulls, even as dinocephalians go, which had strange skulls in general.

[@rogerwilson53]

This guy makes the ONLY videos on the permian. Respect dude. Ive never been able to find books on permian fauna.

[@Yoshoggutha]

I love the Permian animals. Something about them makes them much stranger and just as cool as dinosaurs were. I'm actually doing a coloring book of Permian animals and the colors are giving me grief, lol.

[@richardmorin5967]

Dear Josh, l agree. I was astonished to learn years ago about the Permian and its plants and animals have been just as interesting to me as those of the Mesozoic.

[@Yoshoggutha]

@@richardmorin5967 they don't get enough love. I could really go for a nice thorough encyclopedia of all those animals.

[@whatabouttheearth]

I mean, just make an educated deduction on the likelihood of the plants and geology in their environment and base colors on that (camouflage) and add a little flair of wild color that will get them seen and killed (mate attracting patterns of sexual display).

[@potatobird52]

This channel never fails to impress me. Seriously; even if the sub count isn’t growing too fast, you can definitely count me in for the ride. The educational content and just overall awesomeness this place radiates is more than enough for me. Highly recommend a video on Koolasuchus, one of the strange amphibian carnivore holdouts :)

[@bedlaskybedla6361]

Awesome video, I really like your detailed examination of animals. You and Moth Light Media are really the best prehistoric youtubers.

[@5isalivegaming72]

North 02 is also another excellent channel

[@wafikiri_]

Tails, instead of being a hindrance, are very useful when running: they keep the animal's course straight, have strong fibula-attached muscles, and much help with turning sideways.

[@chimerasuchus]

Usually this is true but crocodilian tails are so heavy they slow them down on land.

[@BartJBols]

@@chimerasuchus for longer running, yes, but for an explosion of action they help provide the crocodile something to push off with. Crocodiles can outrun a person in a 10 meter dash on land because of their tail.

[@Beroka5]

@@BartJBols not me tho

[@wafikiri_]

@@Beroka5 lol!

[@chrisdonish]

Tails also are great at balancing and is a major reason why theropod dinosaurs got so large.

[@gogogomez51]

Always makes my day when I see non-mammalian synapsids getting the love and attention they sooooo deserve! Great video!!!

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

I very much appreciate that finally somebody comes up with a popularly relatively poorly known apex predator like Anteosaurus.

[@milofragger7]

Yess, ive waited for a video about my favorite stem mammal Anteosaurus, which was the equivalent of tyrannosaurus.

[@guyh.4553]

Very much liked the video. Never really knew much about the Permian other than aquatic species from my college paleontology class. Very informative

[@dinohall2595]

Thank you for making my transition to college life a little easier with an in-depth video about a fascinating prehistoric animal!

[@chimerasuchus]

You're welcome and good luck with college!

[@benwelch4076]

I never knew that this existed! Reminds me of a prehistoric Hippo, based on the skull. Therioceophalians, I know I butchered this, but they seem interesting to me. This channel fascinates me, always have to watch an episode twice to make sure I understand it. Cheers all!

[@jonathancummings6400]

WOW!!! Incredible content. Excellent video. I didn't even know Anteosaurus existed before this video. Very well done.

[@rileyernst9086]

Its always inportant to look at an animal in the context of its contemporaries. Might have short legs but if everything else at the time has short legs its not a problem.

[@solo9601]

Good point

[@fortheearth]

Wonderful video. Thanks for creating and posting!

[@19megamustaine85]

finally a video talking about this animal ! This is the first video talking about Anteosaurus on KZbin !

[@akiraasmr3002]

There was another one that had low viewer count if u look its by the channel Universe Science International

[@chimerasuchus]

Universe Science International made one previously, but it came out before the studies about its ear canals and bone histology.

[@19megamustaine85]

@@chimerasuchus i dont know if you make request ,but i would like to hear your opinion on Sillosuchus.

[@rileyernst9086]

Thanks for covering this ancient beast.

[@olwolf]

This was great! Keep producing videos! 🐺

[@deinowolfhybridhero5101]

The different kinds of biodiversity that our planet has known trough the eons is wonderful and still in large part unknowed

[@akiraasmr3002]

Yes thank you ive been waiting for this video

[@ZColl-pb4cq]

Thank you for your class I appreciate your great detail into the subjects which I need very much.

[@scottmitchell1974]

Great videos! Love the Permian stuff. Have you ever heard of The Whiteside Museum of Natural History? It's a tiny but utterly amazing museum in Seymour, TX - smack-dab in the Permian Basin - with great fossils found by and worked on by the staff right there. Very impressive.

[@turkoositerapsidi]

Very great subject matter for a video. I approve this. Indeed Anteosaurus and other such therapsids fascinating. Thank you for this work of education you are sharing with others on this website.

[@bkjeong4302]

Anteosaurus was actually MUCH larger than 500-600kg based on GDI scaling using Titanophoneus and known Anteosaurus rib material; it actually weighted around 1500kg (!!), making it the largest predatory land synapsid of all time. Still smaller than a white rhino, though.

[@19megamustaine85]

So its size like a black rhino ,you think a short faced bare would stand a chance ?

[@bkjeong4302]

@@19megamustaine85 Maybe, but it’s at a significant size disadvantage.

[@19megamustaine85]

@@bkjeong4302 Would anteosaurus not have the advantage with its massive head or arctodus intelligence and its paw would win ?

[@bkjeong4302]

@@19megamustaine85 My money is on Anteo (worse bite plus size advantage), but the bear’s going to go down fighting.

[@emperorofgondar]

@@19megamustaine85 Depends on Wich species, Arctodus Sinus would have a very tough fight, meanwhile Arctotherium angustidens would find a worthy opponent.

[@kirillivanov3602]

MOCHOPS - It sounds f$#!ng creepy. Imagine you go to the Park in the middle of the night. SEE HIM - He says. Me MOCHOPS, MOORE CHOPS.

[@kuitaranheatmorus9932]

Oh yeah it's a t-rex on four leg and I love this so much Ngl this video was very good and hope to see more,hope you have a great day

[@mikesnyder1788]

Great program, man! I love everything Synapsidian and, until very recently, I had never heard of the Anteosaurus. You have earned my Like and my Subscribe so keep up the good work!

[@Poliostasis]

I think I remember suggesting that you should do a video on dinocephalians, awesome stuff!

[@Andreas_42]

I like the description of the similarities to other animals at the start of the video, and I'm tempted to call it a "Bearometrodon T-Hippo" in the future. 😉

[@darklight6013]

Happy to see my beloved therapsyds covered on KZbin

[@Neonblue84]

Thanks so much for your work!

[@chimerasuchus]

You're welcome!

[@mauddib696]

Ah yes the ultimate paleontological metric. The tyrannosaurus rex scale ahaha 🤣

[@davidegaruti2582]

Honestly i'd really appreciate a video on moscops : it's just soo primal and mejestic as an animal imo , and it's extremely underrated because it's not a dinosaur and it's comparatively unimpressive as an animal , I think it should deserve a nice show off And to be showed fighting against anteosaurus , wich would have been it's predator , It would be a nice to two sprayed leg synapsids wrestle an scuffle like two oversized lizards

[@titanomachy2217]

It'd be so cool to go back to the Permian to see what Anteosaurus and other therapsids actually looked like...as long as you were riding in an APC. Wouldn't want to encounter one of these things on foot.

[@Kimberly-x2h]

"let me quickly mention every famous prehistoric animal with remote resemblance to this guy, at every remote interval"

[@calessel3139]

Great video - I have to say Anteosaur's skull appears positively massive!

[@naiopiaio7125]

I'm so happy Alan from Smiling Friends has started studying paleontology

[@lt9681]

Great video! I'd love to know more about the Capitanian mass extinction

[@mlggodzilla1567]

Another great video 😎

[@pennylessz]

Something about the inflection used in this video grates my ears immensely.

[@Alberad08]

Thank you so much for creating and sharing this fascinating video! When it came to head butting, my thoughts were, what about head pushing? Might have been enough to settle a dispute between two grizzly bear sized predators in a sound way.

[@artamarti176]

Ah yes, Anteosaurus: the daschund T-rex.

[@TheSealMayor]

Great video, super informative, love the presentation. But you kinda sound like the new pinnochio

[@firefrog101]

well presented thanks for bringing synapsids to light.

[@jimmydean123123]

The age of Rumptiles...

[@pequenotamandua5712]

Such a interesting but severely underappreciated animal. I think the best ecological equivalent would be a Jaguar, since it often chases prey underwater.

[@mrblock1318]

These things are like the perfect blend between mammal and reptile.

[@Dr.IanPlect]

@@emperorofgondar Synapsids are of course related to reptiles.

[@emperorofgondar]

@@Dr.IanPlect They are,both Sauropsids and Synapsids are Amniotes, however, they are sister lineages so any Sauropsids(so reptiles) are more closely related to eachother than to any Synapsid as far as I'm aware.

[@Dr.IanPlect]

@@emperorofgondar - you just contradicted yourself by agreeing with my correction, so why state "Synapsids are literally unrelated to reptiles"?

[@emperorofgondar]

@@Dr.IanPlect Sorry, that was bad wording on my part.

[@Dr.IanPlect]

@@emperorofgondar Ok. Note also that; "both Sauropsids and Synapsids are Amniotes, however, they are sister lineages so any Sauropsids(so reptiles) are more closely related to eachother than to any Synapsid as far as I'm aware." ...doesn't conflict with synapsids being related to reptiles. (It's accurate though, you got that bit right!).

[@AdS-1013]

bro anteosaurus magnificus is one of the coolest scientific names ive seen

[@chancegivens9390]

One of my favorite prehistoric predators.

[@joeshmoe8345]

Really cool, thanks

[@Tarbtano]

Fantastic video and a fantastic channel! Love to see all the topics delved into and this is one of my favorites. Could I field a critique for the video format? Not a big criticism I assure, just something I noticed.

[@chimerasuchus]

Sure. Criticism is welcome.

[@Tarbtano]

@@chimerasuchus Your voice and mic are quite good, but the empty air between your words gets noticeable in certain places. A subtle background music track might help out there. Nothing with vocals or loud of course, could be something as simple as quiet forest and nature sounds.

[@KILLER-dg5fi]

May i suggest the extinct hanyusuchus for your next video? The idea of such large gharial/crocodile living in essentially 1600s at the latest is both fascinating and disheartening.

[@Kyle-vg2io]

I didn't even know I needed this.

[@AjrAlves]

Amazing content

[@savharris5702]

This was a damn good video

[@Animusprimalemperor6257]

Yes! Anteosaurus! It needs some attention badly

[@yatusabesnetaquesabe679]

Gracias por compartir 😊😊😊

[@jacobdalland1390]

Seeing as how the video alternates between furless and furred reconstructions of Moschops, could you could do a video on the debate over whether Permian ancestors of mammals had fur?

[@ekosubandie2094]

Permian therapsids likely had furs, but anything more archaic than that (i.e, Sphenacodont-grade synapsid) probably didn't have hair though

[@mysticdragonwolf89]

I’m still astonished we can go back billions of years by finding fossils, using the measure of light to see things no longer there theoretically, see planets and what they are made of; yet can’t see into the depth of our own oceans and explore the remainder

[@elgringosupremo]

Water is a hell of a barrier

[@RiOT5111]

Lol @ 11:23 He gettin the BEST back rub you can tell

[@posticusmaximus1739]

The age of reptiles was just beginning at this time with Archosauromorpha. Do you think you could cover Protorosaurids? The very distant beginnings of the ruling reptiles!

[@carmelorodriguezlemes2864]

Very nice👍👍👍

[@chimerasuchus]

Thank you!

[@maozilla9149]

great video

[@bkjeong4302]

I really, really, REALLY like this thing.

[@obiwahndagobah9543]

I could imagine that instead of headbutting, rival anteosaurs just pushed each other around. For that its skull roof must have sufficed.

[@joanndavidson2769]

Picture at beginning of video could be in Ararat, Vic , Eastern Australia. North-Eastern side of Green Hill Lake Reserve up thi canal/second lake, going up into Langi Ghiran Mountain.

[@-_zechnobladezeelix_-5719]

It looks like a lystrosaurus/moschop but more agressive looking and territorial, with a rex/daspletosaurus-like head.

[@JC-mn2ll]

Do a video on limnoscelis. A temnospondyl amphibian that was already directly evolving into a synapsid, and probably a direct ancestor of anteosaurus.

[@akiraasmr3002]

Can you do a video on Erythrosuchidae since they were crazy bobbleheaded predators and very interesting animals

[@chimerasuchus]

It is certainly on the list!

[@themonsterbaby]

What a cool animal!

[@MichelZongo-q3r]

I love you this video

[@procow2274]

Ah yes good ol Hipposaurus Rex.

[@liamredmill9134]

Superb

[@akiraasmr3002]

Hopefully one day u can also do a video on Parahelicoprion I dont see much videos on it and nothing in depth I know they are not well known but it looks crazy like an insane pokemon evolved form of helicoprion

[@johnathanblackwell9960]

It'd be cool as shit to be able to go back in time and see the permian in first person

[@Beroka5]

Anteosaurus my beloved

[@jerrycornelius5986]

Compared to crocodilians and dinosaurs early therapsids had diverse sets of teeth. With different kinds of teeth in different parts of the mouth. Like mammals. I wonder if they had cheeks and mammal like tongues.

[@notmrflimflam38notrealflam90]

Hippo: absolute beast Tyrannosaurus: a super predator, and has the word "Suarus" at the end of its name Dimetrodon: Really cool looking Anteosuarus: WITH YOUR POWERS COMBINED I AM ANTEOSUARUS!

[@TheAnimalKingdom-tq3sz]

T-rex: "Who are you?" Anteosaurus: "I'm you but quadrupedal and stronger!"

[@EndreaiYT]

Actually… *pulls out nerd glasses* Tyrannosaurus still solos Anteosaurus low difficulty

[@TheAnimalKingdom-tq3sz]

@@EndreaiYT Anteosaurus: "Nobody cares, Pac-Man!"

[@widodoakrom3938]

Nope anteosaurus was weaker, the size of anteosaurus only at the same size as India gaur adult female T-Rex has weight 9 tons for male 6 tons

[@SharyK-_0]

Or more like: "I am you but mammal"

[@EndreaiYT]

@@TheAnimalKingdom-tq3sz Doktor, turn off my “giving a fuck” inhibitors

[@williamblansett5786]

Your program was very interesting. On the question of determining how terrestrial or aquatic an animal, in this case an Anteosaurus, is using oxygen isotopes, why not use the oxygen isotopes of Komodo dragons, Asian Water monitors, Marine Iguana lizards, Common Basilisk lizards, Green Iguana lizards, Sea snakes, Indian Cobras, Common Kraits, Water Moccasins, Tuataras, Jaguars, Fishing cats, Giant Amazon otters, Sea otters, Common hippopotami, Pygmy hippopotami, Asian tapirs, Javan Rhinoceroses, Black Rhinoceroses, Dugongs and Mantees then compare? Such an investigation would uncover much more information than just about Anteosarusus. Also many of the big universities should want to help in the investigation.

[@unkownperson9250]

woah so anteosaurus was semi aquatic ... such an underated creature

[@slappy8941]

It was a crocobear, or a bearigator.

[@BartEnder2006]

You know who else is the biggest synapsid? My mom.

[@dracodracarys2339]

"protomammal version of a tyrannosaurus"? more like permian grizzly bear

[@emperorofgondar]

Anteosaurus could get a lot larger than a grizzly, and it ate far more meat than opportunistic Grizzlys.

[@damouno]

Our very distant ancestor relatives. Cynodont are our direct mammal Ancestors.!!

[@akiraasmr3002]

can you do videos on mesonychids?

[@richardmorin5967]

Even when referring to the protomammals the writer had to tie in Tyranosaurus Rex. These animals were separated by many, many millions of years from and not related to the T Rex. It seems people's minds are dominated by thoughts of this monster when it comes to the Mesozoic Era. Yet the tyranosaurs never appeared til the very end of that Era. There were other dinos that looked mysterious, majestic, beautiful, even cute, as well as dangerous, but all one hears about is T Rex, T Rex, T Rex. Do l sound sick of that animal?

[@Dr.IanPlect]

They are of course related to T. rex!

[@MichelZongo-q3r]

Man I would like to make a video with you.

[@williamchamberlain2263]

... but what if there _are_ no more bones, like 1:46 is all there is and in reality it was some sort of rubbery squid-thing that evolved its beak into a horrible toothy skull-analogue.

[@lordcrusheryt]

stop

[@whatabouttheearth]

Eukaryota Unikonta (one single flagella, origin of heterotrophes, must eat other life) Opisthokonta (flagella pushes instead of pulls, think sperm) Holozoa Filozoa Apoikozoa KINGDOM: Metazoa (animalia) Subkingdom: Eumetazoa (true animals) Clade: Parahoxozoa Clade: Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals) Clade: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia (blastopore forms into anus first, mouth second) Phylum: Chordata (post anal tail, notocord, pharyngeal slits, dorsal nerve cord, endostyle/(thyroid) Clade: Olfactores (olfactory system) Subphylum: Vertebrata (olfactory chordates with backbones) -------------------------------------- Infraphylum: Gnathostomata (everything with jaws) Clade: Eugnathostomata Superclass: Osteichthyes (bony fish. Everything with bones beyond just backbones) Clade: Sarcopterygii (lobed fin "fish", this is an important clade for the formation of tetrapod limbs, only 2 "fish" groups extant, Dipnoi and Coelacanth. Last shared clade with Coelacanth) ------------------------------------- Clade: Rhipidistia (fish with lungs essentially. Last shared clade with Dipnoi) Clade: Tetrapodamorpha Clade: Eotetropodaformes Clade: Elpistostegalia Clade: Stegocephalia Superclass: Tetrapoda (4 limbs with distinct digits in an autopod) -------------------------------- Clade: Reptiliomorpha (more towards reptile but not reptile yet) Clade: Amniota (amniotic eggs, facilitating further excursions onto land due to eggs more suited for conditions on land instead of in water) Clade: Synapsida (sister of Sauropsida that goes to Diapsida/Reptilia/Squamata/Dinosauria/Aves) Clade: Eupelycosauria Clade: Sphenocodontia Clade: Sphenacodontoidea Clade: Therapsida Clade: Eutherapsida Clade: Dinocephalia (meaning 'terrible head') Anteosaurus is a subset of this clade and is of all the other levels listed

[@VicariousReality7]

Definitely not an irritating nasal tone of voice

[@kermitthorson9719]

i now think i need an apex predator thru time shirt

[@bacleedon5670]

Love.! The Baboon Dog Rex.!

[@Jay-ho9io]

Niiiice name. 👍🏼

[@shibolinemress8913]

Just curious: when did Inostrancevia live, and how did its size compare to Anteosaurus?

[@chimerasuchus]

It lived during the last few million years of the Permian Period, but may have already been extinct before the Permian mass extinction. The largest Inostrancevia specimen is estimated to have come from an individual that weighed 300 kilograms and was 3.5 meters long. That is a little over half the size of Anteosaurus.

[@shibolinemress8913]

@@chimerasuchus Thanks so much! 🦖🦕😊👍

[@skybluskyblueify]

Why did the older animal experts think all animals of the past to be slower?

[@Andrey.Ivanov]

To an extent it's probably due to their understanding of evolution at the time. In the past it was viewed that animals evolved towards becoming "better" or "superior", so people thought that all those extinct early lineages including the dinosaurs and the early synapsids were primitive beings that were still not well adapted to live on land. That's why they were often depicted as very slow, sluggish, dumb, coldblooded, reptilian and often amphibious beings who were destined to die and be replaced by more advanced and sophisticated organisms. Today we know that's not how evolution works and that the animals evolve according to the ecological context at their time and what animal would be more successful at a given time depends on numerous factors. This is why we can't claim that the current animals are superior to the ones that lived 100 million years ago for example. Now that we have updated our concept of evolution we find that a lot of traits that we consider advanced actually evolved far earlier that we originally thought. Like for instance the discovery that feathers evolved in non-avian dinosaurs or perhaps even earlier before the common ancestor of dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Or the fact that many archosaurs and non-mammalian synapsids had higher metabolisms than modern reptiles. In this case we discovered that Anteosaurus was quite competent on land and was much more nimble predator then previously understood. However a century ago all this was unknown and many of the more modern methods for research haven't been introduced so it's not hard to imagine why there were a lot of misconceptions.

[@stefanostokatlidis4861]

@@Andrey.Ivanov modern reptiles were were underrated the same way, even though the seemingly sluggish lifestyles of some are also ingenious adaptations unattainable by mammals. Most of the researchers of the past also came from cold climates in the northern hemisphere, where the effects of recent glaciations and the open expansive grasslands they made benefited tall-legged digitigrade high aerobic capacity animals. So they naturally thought that highly aerobic mammals and migrating birds are the end point of evolution. The Earth was much warmer and much more forested for most of the Phanerozoic though.

[@mhdfrb9971]

Well they're still got it correct. The estimated speeds of average sauropods generally never surpass 7.2 km/h. You can't be fast when you weighing over 40 tons

[@akiraasmr3002]

Also prob seeing its sprawled out posture made ppl think this creature was slow.

[@kevinavila9489]

Wait if oxygen isotope ratio can tell if an animal is terrestrial or aquatic, why cant we use that for spinosaurus?

[@chimerasuchus]

It has been done! Most of individuals had values that suggested they were semi-aquatic, but a few were more like the other terrestrial theropods. The question now is whether Spinosaurus caught fish from the shore/shallow water or pursued them underwater.

[@dwaynerush9599]

So its 50% bear, 50% t-rex, 50% dimetrodon, 50% hippo? Where's Al Gore when we need him? Lol.