Antikythera mechanism working model.mov

Curator Michael Wright shows off his model of the Antikythera mechanism. The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient Greek clockwork machine found in a shipwreck, that has taken more than a century to decipher. Wright's handmade reconstruction is the first to include all the known features of this complex device. For more information see www.decodingtheheavens.com.

[@craigsgirl48167]

I've watched a couple of documentaries about this, but seeing it actually reconstructed makes it very real & all the more amazing. I'm so glad this guy was able to do this!

[@lordlouis2168]

I'm mean.. How smart is this guy! To even understand what is going on within each gear wheel and put a functioning replica together 🤯

[@joselimjoco3367]

Even more amazing is how the ancient Greeks invented this device in an age and time when they do not have the modern and sophisticated technology we have now.

[@stagger9660]

@@lordlouis2168 Scientists in athens were the ones who figured out how the machine worked using computor software. This guy used their research

[@billshiff2060]

@@stagger9660 No Wright is one of the prime researchers who decoded the whole thing. Its mainly his own research that he used.

[@Annalizer77]

This guy is a genius to even replicate something that is all eroded and messed up.

[@newtonbelieved]

I love the way the inventors of this device are referred to as geniuses, and in the same breath refer to the study of astrology as embarrassing superstition. Then after acknowledging that Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Brahe and Newton were among the greatest scientists of all time, also geniuses, fail to grasp the reason why these great men were all accomplished astrologers (yes, alchemy is based almost entirely on astrology for the Newton deniers). Try and work out what is really happening here. It is actually that astrology is truth and modern science is lost in ignorance. I say this as someone who has studied astrology for 3 decades and if I did not have a computer, would love to possess an antikythera mechanism to put up a horoscope for someone or to know the date of an eclipse in the future. But go ahead, I'm numb to your dismissals, say all the giants you acknowledge as geniuses were stupid, if that satisfies your intellectual dilemma (read: ignorance), and I'll get on with observing and utilizing the wonders of the universe. And by the way, the planets by transit and progression affect your birth chart, not you directly, so don't look for the mechanism that drives astrology in gravity or electromagnetism. Your birth chart is simply a map of the heavens when you were born, how can the dumb force of gravity possibly act on that? Yet scientists are forever discounting astrology because it operates to no known physical laws. Rather look at synchronicity for a relationship. When it comes to astrology, science doesn't even know what questions to ask. Astrology is sweeping the world like wildfire and there's nothing you can do to stop it, for the age of Aquarius is the age of Truth.

[@talos2384]

Because the original was so delicate, it could not be moved from its museum so they had to ship out a giant specialised X-ray machine from England to get a look inside the Antikythera mechanism. He used the x rays to make his replica, still extremely impressive

[@Vaccinevirgin]

Well, X-ray technology helped quite a bit. Yet, it’s still impressive

[@AmateurishAstronaut]

Adrian Fourie 🧢

[@lousimms4766]

@@newtonbelieved You can't build anything beneficial with astrology. Science has built the car, plane, train, computer, smartphone, and astrology has done what exactly? You sound moronic.

[@Brendan2097]

Insanely clever. Imagine sitting down to make a clockwork calendar yourself... Where would you start? Considering how early this is, no person of normal intelligence should be unimpressed. You'd need to be a genius or pretty smart and incredibly patient to design and build it. This version is more impressive than in the book " The Vault"

[@pavlovsunhappydog]

Thanks for that Brendan. I'll knock one up immediately.

[@bobfg3130]

You mean a mechanical calendar.

[@rsstnnr76]

It's amazing that someone built this 2000 years ago.

[@Nub00005]

think of their beliefs, they believed the earth was flat and everything revolved around us. and from that, they were able to create a perfectly accurate mechanism for tracking the bodies as they moved around us. fast forward to today, we have things called orrerys that are models of the solar system. but not one of them can be used to predict where the planets are, or when the next eclipse will be. so which model do you think is a more accurate representation of reality?

[@yessidolemerchant5143]

@@Nub00005 u wot? Greek astronomers knew the earth’s roundness by the 4th century BC, it’s a observation anyone can make. Why do stars rotate clockwise around the north celestial pole but anti-clockwise around the south celestial pole? The ancient Greeks knew just from seeing the change in the night sky from different latitudes

[@Jurnicurn]

It's a myth, they didn't all think the earth was flat. Only some scientists thought so for a short period of time. We just like to embrace this fact because it's funny. It's not as widespread or over that long of a time they had this theory.

[@dinot71]

From Greece: Your Welcome

[@Minizilla]

Pretty cool stuff. And kudos to the Brit that re-created this amazing device.

[@tarrytowndesign6182]

Thank you for building this Michael Wright... absolutely amazing

[@The_Ballo]

If the Antikythera mechanism had been used to film this, we would have had more pixels. More than 1, that is

[@justincabell]

+The Ball I'm guessing you're not familiar with youtube. This was uploaded in 2008. 240p was still common at this time.

[@rummankhan929]

The Ball

[@BungieStudios]

Nice try, but KZbin wasn't invented until the 15th century. So quality in 2008 should be much higher, it being the 21st century.

[@asspounderify]

So, same as your iq

[@EyeLean5280]

KZbin videos weren't this fuzzy-looking back when they were originally uploaded, they were crisp and beautiful. I don't know if it's lack of conservation on the part of KZbin or if it's an unavoidable decay due to loss of digital information over time, but it's a little sad to see how badly the images from early KZbin have degraded.

[@demonetizedhistory5806]

To have replicated this in 2008 without a advanced computer, 3d printing machine or laser cutter makes this guy seem closer to being a Greek than any of us could ever be.

[@TapesNstuffS]

Oh come on, 2008 wasn't that long ago.

[@demonetizedhistory5806]

@@TapesNstuffS technologically speaking, it was.

[@SpottedEagleSvn]

Amazing find. Discoveries like this make me wonder what other past knowledge has been lost to time. What devices preceded this particular machine?

[@matthewfocke5360]

Michael Wright is a genius. He figured out how to reconstruct the Antikythera mechanism. Wow.

[@alex29443]

damn - Imagine if the greeks had been allowed to keep thinking and testing and building for the last 2000 years - we would definitely be interstellar by now, no question.

[@arik4362]

Facts yo

[@cccpredarmy]

and we would still have slavery

[@ronaldo19832]

cccpredarmy and no Trump

[@Nub00005]

realize they did this with all their scholars aligned to the flat earth. no one thought the earth was round and spinning when they built this. space is not real. this is a much more accurate representation of the heavens than any Orrery you can by or see at a museum. they dont use orrerys to predict eclipses... why? because its not a correct model of the place we live.

[@alex29443]

@@Nub00005 alright genius, what about this mechanism tells you that they believe the earth is flat? Why does anything about the way that this works imply that? Orreys are now and have always been essentially toys, true orbits are elliptical, not round like in orreys, so obviously orreys have no predictive power; they are not a true representation of our solar system, but not the way you think. How do you know the Greeks believed the earth was flat? You need evidence to assert something like that.

[@florascent9ts]

That's some Dwarven-ass shit.

[@BossaNossa1]

Many speculate that what was contained in the "Library of Alexandria" were machines such as this one and many other "blueprints" as this one and who knows what other incredible things were documented in that library...

[@kunzangnamdjial]

The work of MR Michael Wright let me speechless, i am trully amazed he managed to reconstruction a fully functional model of this machine... I have no word to express my congratulation to you Mr Wright BRAVO!

[@magussimon7221]

It looks like someone had an idea to use the geocentric model rather than the heliocentric in order to make this device work properly. All credits to this Gentlemen!

[@apichmaco]

This was simply amazing! Pure genius from a period when there really wasn't much to copy from. This epitomizes originality of the Greeks. Amuok A

[@ze_chooch]

Retrograde motion is so cute. Look at Mars doing its little two-step for us superior humans.

[@InsideOfMyOwnMind]

Sage Llivokin When you compare the phases of dissimilarity sized eliptical orbits you will see this seemingly unlikely dance between the planets.

[@marclawson6144]

Thank you, Michael Wright! That is so cool!

[@MrLuridan]

Dr. Wright is a genius....'nuff said

[@trents3515]

MrLuridan: how about Archimedes?

[@winfordnettles3292]

Wow! Thanks so much for reconstructing this mechanical astronomical marvel of ancient technology! I know it took a lot of time and attention to detail to get it right.

[@RancidPrune]

Absolutely incredible!

[@ShazEire]

who would have thought 2021 would have had an update on this? we're still learning more about this thing :)

[@TheMechanic4games]

I really want to hook this up to a motor at the perfect rpm to have a 2100 year old device telling me the location in the sky of all the planets, the sun, and the moon. That would be badass as all hell.

[@COMBINEdotCOM]

Yeah I was thinking how cool would it be if the greeks had attached a giant one to a water wheel or something

[@piotrmalewski8178]

@@COMBINEdotCOM Or their steam turbine they invented.

[@hudiscool4186]

Actually exist made a watch ! Its on youtube!

[@durragas4671]

This video is well worth re-uploading in higher resolution, or re-filming.

[@olivernissen9386]

I agree. Not only for higher resolution, but also Dr Wright is too modest and the narrator should be blowing his trumpet for him! He is introduced as "curator" because back in 2008 he was a senior curator at the Science Museum - since retired. Dr Wright isn't widely recognised as a key figure in discovering the genius workings of the Antikythera Mechanism, but he was. His recognition was damaged by a self-publicising crank who came along and stole his thunder (though has since been discredited.)

[@jamesguitar7384]

I believe Mr Wright deserves a knighthood . Is he going to get one ? Not bloody likely . There are of course more deserving politicians , businessmen , civil servants and political donors who deserve society's tremendous gratitude . He devoted his life to this marvellous project and will , I'm sure , be remembered and recognised for centuries .

[@PacoOtis]

Excellent! Bravo! Your dedication and talent are greatly appreciated! Best of luck!

[@blueprairiedog]

2100 years old and it works better than the lock in my front door.

[@noIMspartacus2]

Mind blowing! The sheer beauty of mathematical logic and genius of Archimedes is truly breathtaking....

[@Michael-uf1hz]

Hats off to you Michael Wright, good show.

[@BossaNossa1]

The most intriguing consideration that has yet to be unveiled if ever is how was it made? What tools or other devices or machines were utilized to make such an assembly with a specific purpose... I would love for someone to write a "what if" back story for this machine..!

[@aw299]

What i find strange is that such high mastership in metal didn’t leave any traces behind in architecture, art or everyday appliances etc. Just this one amazing object . I feel that things are a lot stranger than what we learn in school.

[@johnlloyddy7016]

I'm inclined to believe that this device would also be very useful for a time traveller. Being able to instantly chart the position of the stars would give him a good way of telling the date and his location wherever or whenever he goes.

[@ross-carlson]

@@johnlloyddy7016 Please tell me you don't vote as with such a lack of critical thinking skills that would terrify me. Time travel? Seriously? Ugh, why is it that the answer "we don't know" is so scary to people like you that you just MUST have an explanation even if it's bullshit and you just made it up? Ugh.

[@johnjeanb]

Great video Too bad the quality is so poor where detailed pictures would be appreciated. Why no have a more detailed version in line?

[@ivanoranrof9577]

Michael. Thank you for this work.

[@kooshchamp]

the fact that this man put it together, correctly. A machine from two thousand years ago! and now its a working machine is amazing in and of it self. But we now are able to see what the greeks held onto and made serious decisions off of. Fascinating. I love it!

[@scudosmyth784]

Not to take anything away from this but but if you search clickspring Antikythera he is in the process of building one using `old tools` including making his own files as they would have done back then.

[@ronmexico2450]

Outstanding work my good man, bravo.

[@EyeLean5280]

To anyone looking at this video in the 2020s and beyond... KZbin videos weren't this fuzzy-looking back when they were originally uploaded, they were crisp and beautiful. I don't know if it's lack of conservation on the part of KZbin or if it's an unavoidable decay due to loss of digital information over time, but it's a little sad to see how badly the images from early KZbin have degraded.

[@Cookiecutter160]

Truly amazing, absolutely mind blowing, we know so little about early technology

[@caret7940]

Underrated video, am I right?

[@ReiMonCoH]

Oh, COME ON... going back 8 years and No One has mentioned Chris over at click spring who’s making one of these!???

[@musicartgeek]

Proof of two things: How amazing the ancient Greeks were, and; What amazing things a passionate, skilled person (Michael Wright), toiling away for years can do!

[@Mikeofindy]

Jo if you’re reading this.. you are absolutely intoxicating. I find your intelligence to match your beauty. You’re a total package if I can say that.

[@capnvancouver]

awesome work Michael Wright

[@mortena2510]

Congratulation on an excellent piece of mechanical work!

[@epacsenur575]

Can it run Battlefield on Ultra??

[@odimlordofvalhalla]

Nope, it would bottleneck

[@asgio27]

Where can a model of this, well made, be purchased ? Absolutely amazing fellow, mechanism, and story, as improbable as it all is - to lead us to this phenomenon of human ability, and so far in the past ! Stunning.

[@Rigelcentauri58]

Mervelous!! this mechanism proves ancient men were brilliant, especially the Greeks. Almost all the basic foundations of modern civilization were given to us by them. If they saw the news today, how some people do not follow their example , they would be disapponted .I am proud to say, some words of our occidental languages have many greek words: Television, telephone,quality, tachicardia, etc.

[@aohige]

Similar concept did not re-emerge for a thousand years. And to achieve this level of intricacy took yet another thousand years, well into the 18-19th century. It speaks words on how the first ten centuries of AC was really the "dark era" without much exaggeration.

[@rogeriopenna9014]

are you sure this level of intricacy only appeared in the 18-19th century? XIV century astronomical clocks seemed to already be quite intricate.

[@f4phantom2500]

no he's pulling that out of his ass. From what I understand 14th century gearworks is about the timeframe that Europeans (re)achieved the complexity of the antikythera device.

[@andrewbechtel7436]

could the 14th century (using roman numerals to seem smart I see)clocks track the movement of the planets while simultaneously tracking the cycles of eclipses ect ect. The reason this is so intricate is that it is able to track 3 separate "clocks" at once. tracking months, planets, eclipses, when the Olympics were going to happen. this is remarkable.

[@MrKillabeez666]

Dark Times,a time where the sheeps got down on their knees in front of the churches,wore steel hats cause they thought the world would fall on their heads and thought the earth was flat

[@russellwaelder1191]

aohige you all realize that this was made in B.C righ?

[@prestoncaprese7416]

AMAZING! Beautiful! Thanks for sharing!

[@Nomoreidsleft]

Why are these people are so amazed that they would have this device in ancient Greece. People have been observing the sky for thousands of years by then. Even though most people didn't have the skills to build something so intricate, some did. It's the same today. Most of us could not build it but this guy does and has the skill. It's less abstract a task than programming a modern computer, since each gear represents the orbits and rotations. They just had to know ratios.

[@F1nn12h]

I don't personally think that has the criteria to be said a computer, but it is fascinating and advanced

[@FarrellMcGovern]

Thanks to you and everyone else in recovering and restoring this amazing artifact! I am constantly telling people that we constantly under-estimate the knowledge of our ancient ancestors. ttyl Farrell

[@dcbaars]

I want a replica of this. It’s a great gift and honor to our human history. And it’s a good science gift as well

[@greensweater8298]

How would you know how much to turn the knob without making errors over Lind periods of time? Just turn up to a line per day? I didn’t see lines for all the functions and some lines would be thicker than others. Would the gears make the correction? Would you just focus on meeting the measurement line for one function on one dial? How do you actually use it for accurate information on all the hands?

[@Mr.Death101]

Is this actually a reconstruction or is this just a hypothesized guess at it? Is this a 100% reconstruction authentic? Can anybody answer me cuz I'm wondering if it's just this guy's thought and if he used lasers to make it or if he made it by hand like they would have and how would they have

[@PaulTheSkeptic]

The thing is really cool and an astonishing find and it is kind of interesting that they could make such precise mechanical devices but I have no reason to suspect they couldn't build it. Maybe it's just been hyped up so much as though it was like finding a 747 in the middle ages or something but the Greeks built some incredible mechanical things. This is by no means impossible or even really that strange.

[@Fiddycat]

We advanced to this point in 400 years, it wouldn't have taken older civilizations to advance as far as us very long at all. A lot of information about how advanced older civilization are are mostly hidden away or lost to time

[@PaulTheSkeptic]

@@Fiddycat If I take your meaning correctly, you're saying that logic dictates there must be gaps in our knowledge about these time periods and it shouldn't be that much of a surprise to find some things that don't seem to fit because of these gaps but if we knew more about them, it would fit just fine. Something like that?

[@Fiddycat]

@PaulTheSkeptic no more like the gaps in our knowledge impedes our advancement and that previous civilization were more advanced than we could even find out with our technology. If you think about it... if the world were to go apocalyptic and dark most of what we built would dissappear fairly quickly and we don't build like the Romans or Greek did so a lot of structures would not exist anymore

[@Maglevspiritualgeek]

Fascination OVERLOAD!!!

[@MichaelGriffis]

He should had these made and sold them.

[@legendhunters5142]

Michael Griffis I imagine they would be very expensive but I'd love to own one

[@aw4955]

They can probably be custom made. With that said, there are more sophisticated astronomical machines and clocks, but this was the precursor. A mechanical calendar or almanac. Delightful

[@hannahbun4823]

Not everything needs to be capitalized.

[@Alex-rr7qc]

@@hannahbun4823 if someone wants to own a replica of this device why he shouldn't be able to acquire one while compensating for the efforts of a creator?

[@MichaelAndersxq28guy]

I'd love to own one. I bet my OCD would be happily lost in it.

[@cyborgdale]

Archimedes, the son of an astronomer, is said to possibly have built this device hundreds of years earlier as similar such devices were described by Cicero. From his descriptions however, Archimedes' devices may not have been as complex. His devices were based on the geocentric model, as is this device. This would make sense since this device shows orbits etc. as observed from Earth. His devices may have been an improvement of even earlier devices.

[@GulNawaz-y6r]

great work!

[@Only_Cans_101]

Everyone check out the channel clickspring, who has made this by hand with enormous respect for the ancient ways of making the device using hand made tools and alot of patience.

[@Holt-mir-einen-Traubensaft]

Please mention the name of the University or other institution in which Mr. Michael Wright is employed so that we can contact him if necessary. Thank you.

[@lamontyoung7786]

you must be psychic you took the words right out of my mouth.

[@wrdennig]

It's a wonderful reconstruction. I wish the video wasn't so fuzzy. I can't read the dials.

[@winfordnettles3292]

Yes, a much higher resolution video would do this device justice!

[@KittenyKat]

old as hell but I'm 100% positive we had slightly better resolution than freakin' 240p in 2009 xD

[@radadadadee]

Can I buy a replica of the mechanism? Where can I find a working one? Please reply, thanks.

[@louisshane1653]

channel5

[@3mmah]

@War Zone imagine the original creators of this seeing it being printed.

[@jimdecamp7204]

Archimedes lived in Syracuse, Italy. The Antikythera mechanism was found in the Peloponnesus. I am unaware of any contributions to Astronomy by Archimedes. If you would like to site any, please fill me in.

[@andrewbechtel7436]

first of at the time it wasn't italy, it was part of greece, but good try. Ignorance is the biggest problem in today's society.

[@terrafallow]

This is beautiful! Bravo!

[@RocketmanXO]

Just a thought... Is it possible that what Wright thinks as the back of the artifact is actually the front & vice versa?

[@coldarc]

@HelmutVillam I think that the device was used on a ship to know what kind of year and month they were in and that the device operated more like a clock. instead of keep track of minutes and hours i think the device kept track of years and months to more easily predict the time it took to travel long distances on the sea. i think there are components that are missing. the device seem to contain a lot of gears that makes it rather complex than simple. the device might have used hanging weights.

[@Muhlogan]

Was this filmed with a toaster?

[@BrowithStoryCool]

MuhLogan It was filmed with an Antikythera mechanism EDIT: Edited for grammar EDIT2: Edited for first 'edit' disclaimer EDIT3: Actually last two edits made at same time. Corrected by this edit. EDIT4: *THIS IS corrected by this edit.

[@Victor-Baxter]

It was filmed with an even older mechanism. The I phone 3

[@ThinkerOnTheBus]

+MuhLogan Actually, it was shot by a Public-Speaking-Expert intern using a toasted 'tator whilst being shot from an Irish potato launcher with a slight Gaussian Blur effect added along with minimal pixelization.

[@cardboardboxification]

MuhLogan it was enhanced black and white 8mm

[@Gracchi]

was a new bbc doco on this recently, so much more info is now known

[@PhysicsDude55]

@ Harletron The Ancients considered keeping track of the starts very important. It was used for religious reasons, keeping track of seasons and years, etc. Stone henge was used to track the zodiak. Lots of work was done to track stars back then.

[@philip1201]

@khadijagwen Actually this mechanism merely uses the geocentric model with a couple of perfectly circular epicycles, not the heliocentric and elliptical model of Copernicus. It's an awesome work of engineering.

[@PhotoOperative]

The Tower of the Winds (horologion) in the Roman Agora in Athens is long believed to have originally had a similar device in it, but much larger and water-driven. It dates from about the same period.

[@Renbirde]

@Harletron -- after two millennia, it's amazing that _one_ survived, given the delicacy of the mechanism. How do you know there weren't more originally?

[@stratosavag]

There is no doubt that Ancient Greeks new that the earth was not flat. Imagine the knowelge that is lost during the Middle Ages.. Proud to be Greek.

[@revjimbob]

There was agreat documentary on the BBC recently about this - 'The Two-Thousand-Year-Old Computer' If you are in the UK it is still on the BBC I Player.

[@mrmesozoic1094]

its all very well to say wow this man made it work and has figured it out, but where did he get the knowledge of all the different parts that were within the antikythera, its working on his design and well done to him but is it the exact same as the real one? I not convinced, just putting that out there.

[@BetterBlue]

This guy is surely one of the wise men reborn. So cool.

[@prakar]

Just read the book "Decoding the Heavens" by Jo Marchant. It is a exhilarating to see Wright and his model..thanks!

[@bobfg3130]

Great job mate!

[@onceANexile]

The only kind of uk bloke worth listening to

[@kepp4290]

How did they forge perfectly round dials with accurate intervals back then?

[@WinZiggy]

To the builder: Great job! That's an awesome technical achievement to decipher and build that device. . . and no, I'm not being sarcastic

[@you2tooyou2too]

In a sense, 'leap year' is built into the earth's orbit, since the rotation is not synchronized with its orbit. If the machine was based on records rather than calculations, the effect would be the same on its gearing; each year ends at a different time of day than the previous. We have chosen (recently) to use the 'leap year' for legal and accounting 'simplification' or at least standardization.

[@fantasticmisterpig]

As far as I'm aware it's been dated to roughly 100 BC; that's around 1400 years before devices of similar complexity are known in Europe. In terms of what a computer is, the Wikipedia article on 'Analog Computer' is very interesting: even a slide rule is defined as very simple computer.

[@jackal182]

Wow, very cool!

[@kathleenobrien1629]

Is this person selling copies of it or plans?

[@einstein5829]

I understand that Archimedes´s Antikythera mechanism could also calculate the precession of the perihelion of Mercury. Leverrier´s discovery of Neptune in 1846 could not explain an extra 43 seconds per century (!) until Einstein´s general relativity of 1915. It is quite staggering that Archimedes had observed and his instrument could calculate this precession over two thousand years ago. Did it also calculate the extra 43"?

[@terrandroid]

the real one could open portals to other galaxies

[@galahumble]

@razordu30 Machines are much faster and less prone to error. They can also simulate a patten that we can predict but not visualize in its entirety.

[@ErichoTTA]

First time working in 2,000 years? Impressive.

[@coldarc]

since the antikythera device seem to have several gear down ratios and the appearance of several locking mechanism around the big gear the device seem to be driven like wind up clock rather than by hand, its seem to be a analog computer operating like a computer. (automata) like the chinese mechanical robots a 1000 years later.

[@wombatg0]

Love the way the moon phases roll around. To think this has been dated at 56BC (ish)!!! This would have to be the pinnacle of Greek / Sumatran engineering - what have they done in the past 2000 odd years other than sit around, grow bloody good olives and say "look how good we were?"

[@Nellyontheland]

This is fasinating, but I have a problem. Can you'all help? I heard that this version of the device has a leap-year cycle built-in. 1. Is this true? And 2. I thought that the leap year was first introduced in the 17 hundreds along with the Gregorian calender? Please help. Thanks, but dont think I am being lazy, I just think one of you will know. Ta.

[@trents3515]

where can a working model be purchased?

[@AfnanStudio_]

How many hours of power reserve it has?

[@totoroben]

really nice handiwork here.

[@razordu30]

I have no idea why there is a religious discussion on a page about an old Greek clock, but anyway, this thing is really cool. My question, though, is obviously the creators of this machine knew the math involved to determine planetary alignment (or else how would they make the clock) . Considering the effort involved in making one of these machines, is it not easier to do the math? How *often* was this information calculated?

[@XArcane]

I want to buy one of these one day. Or print one out via a 3d printer or something, then I could look at the gears.