Arduino Tutorial 27: Understanding Pushbuttons and Pull Up and Pull Down Resistors

[@daniellehwing4667]

You are not just talking to yourself, professor... ...you are talking to 241.000 of us!! Cheers!!

[@robjerome6092]

I am 71 years old and my grandson is 12. This old dog along with my grandson is trying to keep mentally stimulated. Because of Covid I have my 12yr old Grandson living with me as his mother is a nurse and being exposed to the virus on a daily bases. We are really enjoying the tutorials.

[@paulmcwhorter]

Wow, that is wonderful. What great memories you are building with your grandson. My grandfather taught me so many things, and I have many wonderful memories of him. Well done!

[@marvinoctopusody4613]

That's really great.

[@michellehe8239]

oh hey,this is great.Rob. I want to do this to keep myself aleays young and energnic

[@李晶-q2k]

@@paulmcwhorterok

[@coultercrooks7680]

Having binged these videos today, I would be dead if I drank the amount of coffee I've been told to drink

[@davidmarquez2821]

you would die smarter, lol

[@jamesc8453]

LOL this is so true but I love Paul's bedside manner. Hopefully I won't be dinged as I am an espresso/latte drinker... sorry gotta have it HOT.

[@Scoobydcs]

Drinking game. Every time paul tells us to drink coffee. Take a shot. Actually DONT do that until you've put me in your will

[@harshitpandya3276]

i was struggling with this concept and this might be the best video i found simple diagram , simple explanation

[@vinodkumar-mp8fm]

Thank you sir i am 13 years old and have interest in engineering u helped me to bring my dreams to life I wish every student gets a teacher like u

[@paulmcwhorter]

Excellent! Keep it up and you will go far. You might even invent something that changes the world.

[@devlinaganguly8352]

Sir,I have learnt coding on arduino just because of your tutorials,and what I have observed is that in the other tutorials,they simply give the code without explanation,but because of your explanation and your funny actions,I have completely learnt how to code.

[@rogermaximiliengosselin4635]

It'is in fact absolutely important to have a written strategy.

[@Ichennai]

yeah

[@SGOI_AUS]

totally agree

[@chokinghazard2942]

I take notes from these videos, I actually learn a lot more than even coding boot camps.

[@Eduard-wg4dr]

I am 12 years old and your videos have sincerely amazed me so far. Arduino was already my favourite hobby but you helped me improve so much. Thanks !

[@chrisnizer]

Still watching in 2024 and still havin' a good time with the whole creative process. Thank you for sharing your knowledge and experience my friend, Semper Fidelis!

[@jobeyene3342]

For the first time in my life followed a lesson for the entire day from 7 am to 7 pm, none stop. I usually cannot stay focused for 5 min max due to ADD I have, but your way of teaching makes me not to think anything else except listening every single word coming out from your mouth and remained concentrated on the computer screen.

[@stephenmichael2687]

I also have ADHD and dont take medication for it. He is an amazing teacher, there hasn't been one episode yet that lost my attention.

[@Hugo-ep4po]

Hello there. I hope you're doing well. People with ADD or ADHD have a characteristic where if they are interested in a topic they will "Overfocus". That might be the case for you. Although this is good, make sure to take breaks so you stay healthy. If I don't watch out, I generally forget to eat.

[@dhruvchaturvedi7030]

Haha idk if I too have ADHD or smth because guess what! It’s the same for me. I find studies and concepts boring but somehow I’m just too hooked to these videos. Even the theory gets me hyped. It’s come to the point i wake up at 6am and just follow the lessons the whole day on weekends. Please don’t ever stop making videos and stop teaching. Lots of love from India ❤️

[@sonalighosh4243]

sir , i am a student in high school and i have been learning cording from you from last year and to my surprise i have left the others who are learning for a couple of years back just because of you. thank you "SIR"

[@paulmcwhorter]

Keep it up

[@jsha6604]

I have a doubt that can we display two different output on lcd(16*2) with the help of arduino and two push buttons can you please give me the overview how to do this? it would be really helpful if you reply. Thank you

[@harveyellis6758]

@@jsha6604 Looks like someone has a homework project that they want someone else to do for them ;-)

[@1inchpine]

I have been binging these tutorials for weeks. I can hear the sounds of ice cubes clinking in your coffee while I sleep.

[@JoeV2257]

Hi Paul, hope you gonna read this, I'm 26 yo self taught programmer coming from a poor family in south italy and didn't have the opportunity to study, I've been thinking about taking a Bachelor of Science for a long time but never really considered it cause I didn't finish high school. Last week I was watching videos about robotics and came across this channel, I was so excited that after 5 minutes I bought the ELEGOO kit, I've been flipping burger and loading trucks for the past 3 years while learning to code and finally few days ago I enrolled for Open University and a student loan here in London where I'm living now, a really good university that allow you to take a degree even without high school certification and let you choose what do you want to study and how, I asked for a mix of Computer Science and Engineering and I will start in september, all of this thanks to your arduino tutorial that made me fell in love with robotics engineering, thank you.

[@chuckthesham5195]

You know, I have figured out at least part of your appeal. You are so genuinely helpful and comfortable to watch. No gimmicks, no fancy video tricks. Just an invitation to grab an iced coffee (no sugar needed) and join in. You are very good at what you do, and I bet you could (maybe have) made a lot of money at it. You and I are both senior white men. But I bet, to a lot of younger people, you are like a father figure. BOOM! You have enriched my life long-distance without us ever meeting face-to-face. God bless you, you are sui generis.

[@paulmcwhorter]

Thank you for the kind words. You are right, I dont do all those things they teach of how to get viewers like click bait thumbnails and so forth. I do these videos because there is a lot I know, and I would like to pass it on to the next generation. Appreciate your kind words..

[@KWHCoaster]

Skipped ahead several lessons for this one. Glad I did since I didn't know about the need for a resistor when using the pushbuttons. Have 8 LEDs and a Sketch that displays various "light show" animations (bounce, sweep, random, etc.). Tonight I added a pot (Lesson #12) to adjust the speed of the animation. And added two pushbuttons, one to cycle to the next animation and a second to toggle inverting the animation. Worked out great. Thx!

[@MrJonjoe1977]

I tried learning pull up and pull down resistors before from a book and couldn't make sense of it. This explanation was so easy to follow. I now feel I fully understand it. Thanks!

[@chittlingwhittles1198]

Just in case anyone is interested; the digitalWrite will recognize any number other than zero as a HIGH. So this code will work. buttonRead = digitalRead(buttonPin); digitalWrite(LEDPin, !buttonRead); The !buttonRead switches the condition from normally closed to normally open. Thanks Paul! Love going through these videos.

[@jacklawson9748]

I'm getting an Arduino for Christmas (4 days away) and have been doing these lessons for the last few weeks. I like how you present things in bite-sized pieces and particularly how you show yourself thinking and figuring out stuff yourself and making mistakes and showing to solve them. I think too often people think engineers, or people in any profession for that matter, don't have to actually work, think and struggle at times. Your lessons are great!

[@steveschaefer4648]

Thank you for these lessons. I have been teaching hs physics for 29 years and like the way you pull together all elements of stem into your lessons. I plan to start using arduinos with my physics classes. You have really inspired me.

[@paulmcwhorter]

Great to hear!

[@rammuga1341]

Confidence level is increasing for every class I attend. Thank you very much Paul.

[@charlescho7250]

Aha! Now I understand what are pull up pull down resisters are. Thank you, Paul!👍

[@samueltheprogrammer6145]

That is really good, because pullup and pullDown resistors are very important in electronics. Samuel

[@ivancadena3031]

Paul, I just came across your YT channel. I must say that you're amazing and I have learned more from your videos than from a whole load of pages that do not care to explain clearly what needs to be done. Thanks a lot for your kind effort, Sir.

[@jasonford1]

This one took me a long time to debug. I bridged my button over A and the - column instead of the gap between E and F. Silly me forgot the - column is all connected. The button was rendered useless since the circuit was always closed even if the button wasn't pressed. Mistakes are the best lessons outside of listening to you Paul.

[@daleredfern4472]

Hey Paul, just letting you know that people (okay, I speak for one person ;) ) watch your videos and learn something each episode. For some reason it took a moment to grasp that pull up resistors read 1 while OPEN and 0 while CLOSED. I suppose that pull down resistors are more intuitive for me. No harm if it's 2 sides of the same coin!

[@savagebagle]

For something so simple, I've really struggled understanding push buttons. This is the only video that helped me. Thanks!

[@paulmcwhorter]

Actually the toggle push button is a really complicated concept. Spend some time on this lesson until you really understand it. it is critical for many programming applications.

[@kenmohler4081]

Paul - You gotta quit making me yell at you about INPUT vs OUTPUT and periods vs commas. But while I was doing that I now understand about pull-up and pull-down resistors. I had been using them working on the 8-bit computer with Ben Eater, but never really thought about the why. No voltage drop with no current flow. That is why they work. Thanks. Ken

[@mikemanny1533]

Hi Paul...Greetings from Great Britain. I've been a professional sparky for twenty-odd years, and had never heard of this type of switching before! Congrats on another barn-storming description-fest that explained everything perfectly. Fair play to you, mate.....YOU DE MAN! There's no other Yankee git who can explain this subject like yourself...lol. Seriously though, thanks a lot, mate...and keep 'em coming! Regards from the Grumpy Limey.

[@Steven-jf4cs]

I've been watching and learning from your many videos over the past few years. Just wanted to say 'thank you'.

[@paulmcwhorter]

I appreciate that!

[@stevencristofero968]

have not turned blue from holding my breath yet. I appreciate your teaching approach. Again, thank you.

[@pasteltiara]

Had a bit of struggle with the switch, turned it other way, no joy. FInally had to press harder into the breadboard. What a joy to see the idea in action. Hope the lessons go beyond hundreds.

[@laidman2007]

Haven't watched your videos in a couple of years. Your lessons hold up well over time. Thank you.

[@theblackkingff2395]

For the first time in my life i find coding fun and easy . Bcoz of you am able to enjoy and learn you things . Thanks so much sir

[@CR046]

Paul, It's always a pleasure to see you explaining technology-stuff on youtube! Thank you for this! Greetings from belgium (vlaanderen).

[@ob1895]

Thankyou Mr.McWhorter! At first our button did not want to work, but then it did. Also, we spotted then mistake you made with the dot and comma in the pinmode before you did and we were like, "Come on its right there! 🤣" very funny. Your lessons are amazing. Thankyou!!!!! :D

[@billlaird7332]

I love it that you integrate the Arduino coding, math, and basic electronics.

[@Японскийшагзашагом]

After hitting my head against the wall, learning a little bit about c,I managed to complete the assignment using delay and break or goto statements . I am so happy and proud.Thank you so much for the great lessons!

[@paulmcwhorter]

Good stuff

[@harismasoom6634]

I was not able to do this before you teach me how to do it and actually I see this video three time to get the full view of how this code works...I really enjoyed this one....Thanks.

[@grafophone]

Thank You Sir McWorther for all the Arduino Tutorials you put on KZbin. I live in Montreal region, Canada, my first language is french. I can say that your english speaking for people who's first language is not english, is excellent and clearly understandable. I will go up the tutorials until No 68, then get Python for beginners. Merci beaucoup monsieur, c'est toujours un plaisir de vous entendre!!!!

[@paulmcwhorter]

Fantastic!

[@sarangalekamge1048]

I am watching 2 lessons everyday from this series. What you said at the end of the lesson is not correct. You are not only talking to yourself. We are watching Sir. Thank you so much Sir,

[@paulmcwhorter]

Very good!

[@denysovchynnikov2435]

When I can make an auto-coffee maker with Arduino and the help of your videos my life will be complete

[@danielsaenz5570]

I AM LEGND! I did the toggle switch! I think I'm really grasping the concept of it. I was able to make the program in like 2 minutes!

[@manuelpacheco5446]

Paul, I didn't realize that a pull up and pull down resistor acted that way with a push button. Nice!! Manny from Puerto Rico

[@franciscoserafim7793]

I heard other explanations about Pull Up and Pull Down resistors, nothing as simple and compreensive like yours. Thanks a lot.

[@paulmcwhorter]

Great to hear!

[@largede1]

I came across this video and thought how in the world can a video be half an hour on this one topic and not be either dry or repetitive. All I can say is WOW! Outstanding instruction. I'm going to pick up a kit and work through all your videos with my kids. Awesome work and thank you.

[@DavFm]

I liked how you explained the component in a deep detailed way

[@richardbritain7435]

Great lesson. I misunderstood the configuration of the switch and scratched my head for ages working out why it wasn't working. Got it in the end. Thanks.

[@paulmcwhorter]

Excellent!

[@thapaharis]

I have been using Tinkercad circuit to do the experiment. Its great time to be alive to be taught teachers like you and have platform like tinkercad where we can do the stuff even if we don't have.

[@lemuelleequinones8575]

great lesson, but the instructor makes them all GREAT. I really enjoy the lessons so much that I watch them twice, first time just to see what the lesson brings and then work on it the second time around, thank you, thank you, thank you . . . READY FOR THE SECOND WATCH and WORK ON IT.

[@jimfisher5099]

It took nearly all day to do the homework but it worked!! Love the videos and I am doing them with you. Thanks for some of the best content on KZbin!!

[@olegvelichko1659]

Yes! Another Arduino video in the series! Oh, speaking of ice coffee: throw a half a glass of ice, shot of espresso (or a similarly strong coffee or a tablespoon of instant), pinch of salt into a blender (add sugar to taste). Blend to foam. Enjoy a fantastic frothy beverage. :) Great content Paul! Keep em coming!

[@johnlatta3998]

Thans, Paul. This is my first step in trying to understand pull up/down resisters.

[@cairns38]

Thanks so much Paul for your videos. This is the best button video ever made! I have watched this a few times when I need a refresher. I wish I had you as a teacher when I was in school. I have you now and thankful for it.

[@paulmcwhorter]

Great to hear!

[@learnwithineesh]

Hi sir I am grade 6 and I have made a project of my own with the Arduino and my own code. I presested it in a science and I won because of your teaching. THANK YOU

[@danbishop4035]

I've been wrapped up in some other tasks but have finally found some time to continue on with the New and improved Arduino tutorials I do appreciate all that you do in these videos. Thanks again for your valuable time.

[@mayankshigaonker7725]

Hello Sir I'm Mayank and this is my assignment on toggling the led: int ledPin = 3; int btnPin = 2; int btnNew; int btnOld; int led; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(btnPin, INPUT_PULLUP); } void loop() { btnNew = digitalRead(btnPin); if ((btnNew == 0) && (btnOld == 1)) { led = !led; digitalWrite(ledPin, led); } btnOld = btnNew; } Thank you Sir for another awesome lesson.

[@garyhart6028]

I had a bit of trouble, my switch worked I was getting '1' & '0' s, but my led wasn't lighting then I realised I'd put buttonPin rather than buttonRead in the if statement, to my defence it was only when the ledPin was going high, lol. I can't believe were on lesson 27 and going on to 28 already. Thank you again Paul.

[@Kurtacuss]

It's great to just follow along at mine own pace . It make learning a whole lot a fun Thanks for doing these tutorials again for us.

[@paulmcwhorter]

Glad you like them!

[@dannycollins5698]

Very fun with the button. I am starting to "see" the world different now. The tv remotes. The control boards in furnaces, etc. Thank you sir!

[@paulmcwhorter]

Have fun!

[@lioneljsimon]

Hi Paul, stumbled across your channel a few weeks ago, and I have to thank you for the clear and insightful lessons, I'm actually struggling with a pushbutton so im super excited about the new vid. Cheers from Cape Town, South Africa!

[@Time4yes]

I am also from south African (GP).... I love this channel, helps me a lot with my varsity projects.

[@hafsids6320]

Unlike many other tutorial videos, you go deeper into explaining the details of how electricity flows and how the voltage varies depending on each scenario. I am a big fan of this way of teaching. Thank you sir!

[@michaeljenkins2345]

Hello, Mr McWhorter! Spent some time building a robot kit and ordering all kinds of new parts and components. Im back for some more lessons. I really appreciate you!

[@michaeljenkins2345]

I also got a raspberry pi 4 and am currently just using it as a desktop, but I look forward to jumping into those tutorials a little further down the road

[@powersprouter]

I did this whole series 2 years ago, but I wanted to review a few things so here I am, holding my breath! BOOOOOOOM!!!! :P :P

[@philnewman1110]

The mist is clearing!! I am beginning to see the light! Thank you Paul, great video as always!

[@jasonengblom2993]

We're out here following along. Don't listen to the haters. I like the pace, not everybody has a lot of experience in these sort of things. These are lessons and the comments about this moving too slow sound like they are coming from people who don't need lessons. Keep em coming.

[@marcomoriarty6049]

I keep learning the hard way that all other tuts are trash and this man the plug with this shish

[@charleswells9682]

Practicing Mechanical PE here. I found this series and started watching it to learn how to program in a type of C (I'm a Fortran guy). Wonderful series that has information for persons of all levels of experience. I feel lucky to have found your channel. I get the feeling that you teach as a vocation probably high school or maybe community college. I'd not be surprised if you were a 'master' teacher. I like your technique, especially the repetitions of both correct and incorrect (subsequently corrected) actions. Also the gentle handholding with new concepts and the gradual weaning off of detailed instructions/demonstrations for concepts that should be fluent. Great pedagogy. I've overseen and mentored many new engineers. Many recent graduates with whom I have dealt had good technical foundation but lacked practical foundation. The process of understanding a problem, investigating viable solution options, choosing the option to use, and troubleshooting and fine tuning the result seem to be given very short shrift in engineering schools. You manage to incorporate many of those steps in your lessons, though. I wish there were more teachers like you out there. Thank you very much.

[@GDub1958]

Paul, so far up thru 9:48, and your all time BEST explanation of pull up and pull down circuits and how each type will send a different reading to Auduino, I will now continue with Lesson 27 !!! Sorry you had trouble on the LIVE broadcast this morning,

[@ryan4275]

i cant recall you ever demonstrating how the "copy error message" works. if you click on the "copy error message" box and open a new sketch and paste to it the new sketch it will help point out the error that had occurred. THANK YOU for your most excellent tutorials! I love the phrase "most excellent"! maybe pin this comment for others to see?

[@ptipupu]

Merci ! Even for a French "English draft dodger" as I'm and thanks to your sterling prononciation I finally understood the function of this damned 10k resistance ... Thank you Sir.

[@prathiknarayan1093]

Awesome Paul! . I am a structural engineer and just picked up this as a hobby, and am loving it, if you could make me do then I am sure a lot of others can also do it.. haha.. thanks again.. love the way you mix up pun , warnings, caution etc into the lectures. The kid inside of you is very much alive and I love it. BAAAAAM!

[@glenternes2119]

Keep up the great work. I like that you show the schematic of what we are doing. Understanding what you are doing is what it takes for me to understand.

[@aklmini-makers4304]

Great lesson! Important definitions for Pull-Up or Pull-Down. Cheers from New Zealand. The circuit [LED hookup] took me a few minutes to debug. Looking forward to #28

[@zebruhmlz8801]

I love how you explain in-depth how this all works. Other videos on arduinos tend to just tell the viewer "do this" and "do that" without explaining how it works. I think those videos tend to get more views because viewers want to click videos that they think will explain the topic in the shortest period of time. However, taking the extra time to watch your videos gives a much much better understanding of how it all works. Thank you :)

[@ChemistryBiologyOne]

These are great explanations Paul. You circle back, give time for reflection and then move forward. Quintessential practice of a fantastic teacher. I have been teaching for 25 years as of last fall, and am new to teaching robotics and engineering. Working through your tutorial this summer so that I can better support our underwater robotics team (ROV). I want to use Arduino to control the robot and hope that I can get there after your series.

[@paulmcwhorter]

Excellent!

[@zainab6740]

Sir, I learnt a lot through your classes. It is great that you teach through the basics. It helps clear up misconceptions and makes complicated projects feel easier

[@kailemharriparsad]

Thanks for Sharing, Sir. Was looking for a toggle button concept which I found in another video of yours. Came here to see the wiring. Fritzing is a great tool for drawing circuit diagrams to show wiring.

[@erikk.3510]

After watching this video yesterday I had an idea of a project that would put most of the things you have taught in these videos to work. I was able to have an RGB LED light have it's color controlled with a single potentiometer and have the push button switch color to adjust and then I was able to use three more buttons to store up to two RGB color combinations and was able to recall them when I wanted to. I showed this some people and they all rolled their eyes and called me a geek. I couldn't be more proud hahaha. Thank you again for the awesome videos.

[@Frank-zc8fl]

Did this lesson using ESP32 and VS CODE. Lesson helped to cement Pull-Up and Pull-Down Resistor in my mind. Thanks

[@paulmcwhorter]

Glad it helped!

[@andrew7320j]

Thank you for these outstanding lessons; you really are a wonderful teacher. As a side note for anybody having issues on this lesson: I was having issues with my pushbutton and code not working correctly, and after 30 minutes of troubleshooting with my multimeter's continuity test, it turns out that the leads on my button are too short to make contact with the metal strips inside of my breadboard! I tested it across several columns, and it just didn't work with this particular breadboard and button combination. Another breadboard I had for a different project had shallower holes/thinner plastic and it works well.

[@midnightrizer]

Actually i think the switches are very poor for the breadboard. it is the wrong type it will kill the breadboard in short order. try to keep switch in place or put it in the same spot each time.

[@always_broke_LOL]

I have done pull up and pull down previously elsewhere but didn’t get nearly as clear understanding as your explanation, thanks

[@wayneandrews1738]

Paul, I put the resistor and led on the board first and used two long leads. One connected to ground, the other to 5V. This way I shorted the leads and the led lights. This way I can test the push button pins to find the open pair. Once I find the correct switch orientation, I can add the pull up resistor and switch to the board. I had to use Needle Nosed Pliers to straighten the pins since they would not push into the holes. I guess I could use the variable "j" and increment it each time the button is pushed. If the value is odd, the led turns on. If the value is even, turn the led off. That's one approach I could try to create a toggle switch. But the solution could be simpler. I need to test for odd or even numbers. Wayne

[@mrgold23]

This was the final piece to my puzzle... an automated garage door closer. Now I won't have to hear the wife get mad at me when I forget to close the door! Awesome lessons.

[@Mrgasman1978]

I've been watching from lesson number 1, and i've learned so much! I especially learned to hate the automatic curly bracket addition, too.

[@dea-animator1906]

This is the last Lesson I am going to need for my Small project

[@frankbonsignore.RochesterNY]

Reporting successful operations from Rochester, NY! All is well. Loving this!

[@paulmcwhorter]

Well done!

[@MagoTonyMiami]

i've recently found this channel and i'd like to thank you for your great professionalism and passion: you are definetly the teacher i've always wanted to have.

[@tinnguyen1375]

Hi Paul, I use a variable I called flag which has the initial value 1. Every time the push button is hit, then flag=-flag with a short delay (so arduino wouldn't switch continuously), to switch flag value between 1 and -1. Then I use the structure "if (flag==1) else" to activate the LED. This works great!! Thanks a lot!

[@jamesc8453]

Love this video and it added so much clarity on what pull up/down is. I have been seeing "those terms" referenced in many places and it was kinda fuzzy to me. As I'm new to the circuit side of things all I can say this was needed education. Thank you Paul!

[@paulmcwhorter]

Glad it was helpful!

[@robertmurphree7210]

Made boolean flag var, to implement toggle feature, it worked. after this i added debounce code from borrowed code. purchased 1) Arduino nano 2) ~4660 -5220 contact breadboard later will get pre-bent leads. Great class, thank you Paul.

[@ricardogomezlucea5357]

i'm having so much fun with yours teaching classes....

[@ExonerativeKoala]

Thank you so much for these lessons, Mr. McWhorter! There is so much to learn before I can take on those robotics and AI lessons, but I watch your videos everyday and do the homework. You're doing me and the world a service. P.S. I love learning the fundamentals like the physics of what's happening. It's important for us to know.

[@internetmoney5983]

Very easy to learn, the way you are explaining is perfect. in the real sense of the word, You are the best teacher. thank you so much

[@paulmcwhorter]

Wow, thank you!

[@rishabjain2634]

Sir lecture are awesome sir after watching your tutorial I am.able to write my own code in beginning I searched other channel but they simply copy and paste but u expalin what is use of that its awesome sir 🥰🥰🥰🥰 thank u sir for giving ur precious time sir

[@jimweatherhead7154]

Hi Paul. I’ve also binged on your Arduino videos and I’ve learned such a lot. I was a programmer many years ago and had not used my knowledge for a long time. Your videos have reignited my interest in programming and I’m really enjoying the process. Thanks and keep up the good work.

[@paulmcwhorter]

Great to hear!

[@nfotabongconrad3564]

This is the most excellent tutorial series I've ever watch in my live. I've learned proraming Allen Bradley PLC's in my Electrical Engineering class. Now that I use more of my electronics than my electrical skills, I wanted to learn how to program Arduino's too. fortunately, I came across Paul's tutorial. That was my best luck!! Thanks a lot Paul.

[@spark4146]

I've been watching your tutorials consecutively from Number 1. I've been saving all the program exercises both done together and assigned homework. I've also made documents, notes and drawings with graph paper too for each lesson. So your tutorials are not made in vain.

[@patfacunla1687]

Thank You Paul !!! Been here since episode #1. Loving this series, Stay Safe Paul. =D

[@cathyjful]

Thanks for your great tutorials! I am sorry, I didn't buy the kit but I used your tutorials to make a useless machine and now I'm working on my robotic arm to make a robotic bar tender for my house (nothing that could be used industrially, just a funny gimic to have for parties...really, playing with this stuff is fun but I needed a project and it fit my lifestyle)

[@LutherKreiger]

THANK YOU so much for going into detail on these concepts! I've always heard people say "just use a pull-down resistor" etc. and could never quite understand explanations of what they were and why they were used before this. I love your videos :)

[@SimionChis]

Pull Up and Pull Down Resistors, simple to understand when it is well explained. Thank you!

[@slimanemesbah7003]

I love the way you teach, you understand what a student is struggling with, so you show everything how does it work and why. Also what i like the most is when you debug problems. Hold your breath guys, because we are lucky to have amazing lessons from professor Paul . 🍎🍓