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Meet the Asian elephant, or Indian elephant (Elephas maximus), a mammal of the order proboscis, the only modern species of the genus of Asian elephants (Elephas) and one of the three modern species of the elephant family. The Asian elephant is the second largest modern land animal after the savanna elephant.
The genus of our smartest, biggest, and strongest originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the Pliocene and spread throughout the African continent. Then the elephants came to the southern half of Asia. The earliest evidence of the use of Indian elephants in captivity are engravings from the Indus Valley, dating back to the third millennium BC.
The Indian elephant is a subspecies of the Asian elephant that includes:
Indian;
Sumatran;
Sri Lanka's Elephant;
The elephant of Borneo.
The Indian subspecies is the most widely distributed in contrast to the other three Asian elephants. The domesticated animals were used for forestry and for fighting. In Southeast Asia there are many places where Indian elephants are kept for tourists, and they are often subjected to ill-treatment. Asian elephants are famous for their great strength and friendliness towards people, unlike their African brothers. However, on the black continent, few people are friendly.
In general, Asian elephants, as I said, are smaller than African elephants. They reach a shoulder height of 2 to 3.5 m, weigh between 2,000 and 5,000 kg, and have 19 pairs of ribs. The brain of an Indian elephant weighs about 5 kg. And the heart beats only 28 times a minute.
Due to the wide variety of habitats, representatives of the Indian subspecies have several adaptations that make them unusual animals.
Namely, the
torso has about 150,000 muscles;
The tusks are used to uproot the roots, they grow by 15 cm per year;
Indian elephant can drink 200 liters of water every day;
Unlike their African counterparts, its belly is proportional to its body weight and head.
The Asian elephant lives mainly in forests. It prefers light tropical and subtropical broad-leaved forests with dense undergrowth of shrubs and especially bamboo. Judging by the elephant preferences, it is not difficult to guess what Asian elephants like to eat.
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