The History of Superconductors (Before LK-99)

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[@TheDtownpiston]

Well if its fake at least we will get a good bobbybroccoli video about it

[@bennydreamly]

lol yes

[@zainabumer4526]

But he already did a Korean science scandal 😂

[@captainpoptarts]

Bro fr. Those are great videos.

[@GodmanchesterGoblin]

Anton Petrov just released a great video on the current status of the various LK99 research projects.

[@hgbugalou]

First thing I thought of when I heard about the announcement.

[@neonbleached5685]

I study Materials Science and Engineering, this is one of the most approachable yet full of depth descriptions of anything in my field I've come across. Great job Asianometry!

[@gtrfreak]

69. Nice!

[@me0101001000]

Hello, fellow Materials Scientist! :D

[@nathasyapramudita6312]

I'm homeless and I approve this too

[@ukaszgrzesik7231]

Agree, he really outdid himself with that one.

[@tdreamgmail]

The crazy thing is, he does it over and over again in many different topics to such detail and quality. And in such a short amount of time.

[@youngtschakaloff]

A notable mention is that paper from april 1st 2020 where they solved the room temperature superconductivity problem by lowering the temperature of the room

[@top6ear]

lmfao

[@Appletank8]

Simply place the room on Titan.

[@alquinn8576]

i think my office at work is cold enough

[@ninjasiren]

my computer lab back when I was in university, maybe that would work

[@geneballay9590]

very interesting, on several fronts. first I did a PhD in Theoretical Physics / Type II Superconductors, finishing at the end of 1976. Your video brings back a number of memories plus a number of things I did not know. After Grad School I wanted a normal, full time, permanent job (not a post-doc) and so went on to work in Petrophysics Research and Operations (no more superconductors), but I did follow the headlines (if I saw them). your work is a nice summary of the history and current situation, and in fact you answered a question that I had wondered about: do today's MRI utilize superconductors? this documentary is a good example of why I always check your videos as soon as I see a new one released. Thank you for all the work and then sharing.

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

If anything, the MRIs need superconductors even more than before, Some newest models can handle 7.0 Tesla. I can imagine the electrons behaving more like a fluid or gas with such high currents flowing through such small cross section.

[@liammhodonohue]

@geneballay9590 "normal, full time, permanent job" 🤣 I'm in a completely different field but I followed the same path. I had enough after MSc and didn't want to be institutionalised.

[@TS-jm7jm]

​​​@@liammhodonohuelmao, same this is why i'm joining the military and then doing horticulture, physics is great, but peace of mind is better.

[@liammhodonohue]

@@TS-jm7jm how far are you into joining military? I nearly joined. The direction of travel didn't sit right with me. Still doesn't. In the words of smedley-butler, war is a racket.

[@TS-jm7jm]

@@liammhodonohue im about 2 months away, i just need to get a handful of documents settled and i should be good, yea i know war is a racket, i'm not really going for principles so much as i think it's a great chance to learn deeply discipline, command, logistics and i guess more indepth as to how people can mess up organisations, these are all things I'll need in the future, because after the military I'll do horticulture and/or forestry, i want to go into farming in zimbabwe or zambia(zambia looks a lot better as a prospect), i think there's a future in thoe places for farming, more in zambia than zimbabwe, but hey within a decade a lot of the ruling elite should be dead or deposed because they are too old to manage their affairs, so the future looks better even if it's not at all good now.

[@ominollo]

Very well done video! I was surprised you could didn’t mention the funny anecdote about Bardeen! Apparently the first time Bardeen was in Stockholm for the Nobel price, the King asked him because his children weren’t there and in response Bardeen said “They are at school, I will bring then next time” Incredibly, 16 years later he kept his word! 😀

[@ologhai8559]

he should make Bardeen prize for people that alredy have one Nobel 😁

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

I read about superconductivity in a scientific kid's magazine when I was 14. I had just recently learned in physics class about atoms and electrons and how they are responsible for electric current. I was fascinated by it. I bombarded my physics teacher with questions for weeks after. Now 52 I understand a whole lot more about quantum mechanics, still fascinates me to this day.

[@deanjericevic8912]

An interesting & insightful video! I taught Superconductivity to high school year 12 physics students & your video showing interconnectivity within superconductivity & a sequenced historical development lends itself to being a outstanding teaching resource. Incorporated is some great archival material, which adds to its authenticity. More generally, especially to kids, it illustrates how scientific knowledge & experimentation builds upon its self to create a way forward so crucial to the understanding of how science works.

[@paulm1241]

Excellent ! One reason why MRI still uses old NbTi wires: the development of efficient (and relatively cheap compared to the total cost of an MRI) pulse-tube refrigerators acting as He liquefiers. Modern MRI systems work in close cycle and don't need any liquid Helium supply.

[@Semtex777]

Hope this (LK-99) is not going to the Fleischmann-Pons 1989 "cold fusion" claims way

[@mamdouh-Tawadros]

My thoughts exactly.

[@marvintpandroid2213]

It really does have a strong wiff of cold fusion.

[@guitarazn90210]

IIRC one institution in China reproduced the results. An American national lab verified the qualities in simulation but they predicted the yields would be very low. So far the authors of LK-99 have been open with their data which gives me hope.

[@gus473]

The comment I was looking for, right at the top! 😅✌️😎

[@cogoid]

@@guitarazn90210 Several laboratories have made the compound according to the published recipe, but none of them, including the one in China, have shown that the material is a superconductor. A reputable laboratory in Korea has received the samples from the original authors a month ago, and they still do not know it is a superconductor. The jury is still out.

[@stevestarcke]

Oh! The way you casually mentioned IBM's 300 million dollar Josephson junction superconductor computer: It failed. Oh yeah, it failed. I worked on that project and it's failure was epic. Your delivery is brilliant and you touch on such massive stories. Kudos!

[@Martinit0]

Ceramics are not only known to be typically insulators, they are known to be exceptionally good insulators. In fact, when you look at high voltage lines, the long wiggly white columns are ceramic insulators - they provide mechanical stand-off while being electrically insulating. So the discovery that ceramics can be superconducting is kind of putting everything upside down.

[@Bialy_1]

"Most ceramics resist the flow of electric current, and for this reason ceramic materials such as porcelain have traditionally been made into electric insulators. Some ceramics, however, are excellent conductors of electricity." "Electric conductivity in ceramics, as in most materials, is of two types: electronic and ionic. Electronic conduction is the passage of free electrons through a material. In ceramics the ionic bonds holding the atoms together do not allow for free electrons. However, in some cases impurities of differing valence (that is, possessing different numbers of bonding electrons) may be included in the material, and these impurities may act as donors or acceptors of electrons. In other cases transition metals or rare-earth elements of varying valency may be included; these impurities may act as centres for polarons-species of electrons that create small regions of local polarization as they move from atom to atom. Electronically conductive ceramics are used as resistors, electrodes, and heating elements." Try next time google the topic of your comment first...😅

[@badgermcbadger1968]

​@@Bialy_1beat me to it, I thought everyone heard of ceramic resistors.....

[@ChrisJackson-js8rd]

josephson junction computing............ intriguing idea. i will have to look this up for myself. very interesting.

[@cv990a4]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephson_effect

[@sierra991]

BCS also stands for Better Call Saul

[@gus473]

And there's Italian-made BCS walk-behind tractors! 🤠

[@sugandesenuds6663]

Did you know that you have rights? Constitution says you do!

[@keco185]

"Superconducting Technologies Incorporated" What a great name. STI

[@bastiangugu4083]

Very interesting video. I really love the variety of your topics. I read some articles about superconductivity in graphene layers at specific angles to one another. Another interesting one.

[@Muonium1]

I'm glad you mentioned 17:10 the storied "Woodstock of physics" in spring '87! If you want to see the original videos of these scientists presenting their findings in the fevered atmosphere of those heady days, *I have all of them* including the ones by Bednorz, Mueller, and Chu. I am not convinced yet that LK99 is really superconducting at room temperature, I think it may simply be extremely diamagnetic (but not perfectly so), however this is obviously very interesting in and of itself, and yes pretty exciting.

[@cv990a4]

They're available on KZbin: kzbin.info/www/bejne/gJTTo4uZoMh6qMU

[@badgermcbadger1968]

There's already levitating diamagnetic materials such as pyrolytic graphite, so it's not completely new

[@MonoPrime]

“I think it may simply be extremely diamagnetic (but not perfectly so), however this is obviously very interesting in and of itself, and yes pretty exciting.” I mean a relatively diamagnetic material at roughly -165C isn’t actually very exciting.

[@Muonium1]

@@MonoPrime Why do people insist on replying on this site with the absolute dumbest takes imaginable? It IS exciting when it's at 20c and made of a lead, copper and oxygen ceramic. Nothing else like that is known to exist.

[@MonoPrime]

@@Muonium1 This aged fantastically! Pretty clear that it’s an un-scientific pre-print that was misrepresenting results of the experimental evidence.

[@darelsmith2825]

Perhaps Kyocera is part of some other zaibatsu. I seem to recall them working on these superconductors in the late 80's after their ceramic ICE failure. You get a gold star for Journalism for this report.Thank you.

[@librarycommoner2219]

there have been recent advancements in YBCO manufacturing that has enabled companies like SuperOx and CFS (Commonweath Fusion Systems) to mass-manufacture rolls of high-t superconducting wire. CFS, a spinoff of MIT scientists, has been calling their stuff VIPER and published a paper back in 2020 that gives an overview of their design and process.

[@Special1122]

I wonder what VIPER stands for, maybe Very Inexpensive Pipes Electrically Resistance-less

[@librarycommoner2219]

@@Special1122 stands for Vacuum pressure impregnated, Insulated, Partially transposed, Extruded, and Roll-formed apparently

[@86-64]

Thank you, as someone who doesn't have an appropriate physics background, this is a very clear and concise explanation of why everyone and their grandmas seem to be freaking out about LK-99. The context you've provided is exactly what I was looking for. Got a new subscriber right here.

[@TrabberShir]

He also sort of explained why it makes no sense that everyone is freaking out about LK-99. Even if the original team had been correct, they were claiming a saturation current that makes the conventional superconductors look high capacity.

[@ahumanperson3649]

@@TrabberShirthe exciting thing is that it proves that a room temperature superconductor is possible (if it’s not a hoax). By analyzing this, we could learn more about how superconductors work, potentially giving us the key to making a much more practical room temperature superconductor.

[@TrabberShir]

@@ahumanperson3649 There paper proposes a mechanism for high temperature superconductivity that, if valid, opens the door to engineering superconductors rather than searching blindly, which is essentially how the search for superconductors is still done. That theoretical work may be incredibly valuable event if LK-99 isn't a superconductor at all, because whether that mechanism actually implies LK-99 is a superconductor is not clear. But discovery of new high temperature superconductors has not meaningfully moved forward the work toward a useful theory of high temperature superconductivity in the past and there is not reason to thing LK-99 will be any different in that respect.

[@gabecodina]

@@TrabberShir I have no idea what you are trying to say

[@SetiSupreme]

LK-99 is complete bullshit as in: it's nothing new. High temperature superconductors have been around for thirty years and the reason why all the hype for this is absolutely misguided and ridiculous is the fact that there is no practical uses for it. It's a brittle ceramic from which you cannot make wires and it doesn't take heat nor high voltages well.

[@SnkHetz]

Lev Shubnikov wasn't ukrainian at all, the birthplace was Saint Petersburg, the ending of the family name "ov" is indicative of the Russian nationality

[@gus473]

Was great to see some familiar names and bylines in this video! 😎✌️

[@JanisOteps]

The latest results show that LK99 is just simply ferromagnetic and not superconducting.

[@andytroo]

there have been advances in ribbon based superconductors - see MIT's SPARC fusion design, achieving 20 Tesla field with a comapct high temperature superconducting ribbon design.

[@martylawson1638]

One of the more clever innovations that enabled this was the development of the "metal insulated" coil. Basically just solder the coil into a solid block and it still works as a coil when cooled and super-conducting. It's a simple solution to deal with the mechanical stress caused by high magnetic fields.

[@andytroo]

@@martylawson1638 copper has a resistance 10^5 ohm-m more (or higher) than a type 2 super conductor so i guess the ratio of current running around the loop in the direction you want, to the "resistance shunt" through the metal isn't that high :) the thought of using metal as an insulator.. - even pcb boards "only" offer a few G-ohm between traces ...

[@eni4ever]

Perfect ending, Asianometry. Very entertaining and informative to watch, kudos!

[@timmainson]

1:40 her expresion! She's up to something...😂

[@jonathanseagraves8140]

It's hard not to notice that no one (meaning the media and science influencers) talked about saturation until the moment when a high temperature super conductors became a real possibility.

[@Taka.1011]

Saturation?

[@jonathanseagraves8140]

@@Taka.1011 I very well could be using a term wrong since I just learned about the limits of some superconductors a few days ago. I heard the term saturation used when the superconductor reaches a current or magnetic field limit and ceases to act as a superconductor. ie current saturation. The term is borrowed with good reason from inductor terminology. A core of an inductor can only direct? contain? a limited intensity magnetic field before the core becomes "saturated" and the inductor completely looses all properties of an inductor. (This is a failure mode for poorly designed switch mode power supplies. If you push your magnetics into saturation the impedance drops to the resistance of the wire itself and usually smokes the switch) I hope I'm not misleading you, but I'm like 85% sure all of that is at least close enough for KZbin.

[@Taka.1011]

@@jonathanseagraves8140 yeah, now I understand what you meant, thank you!

[@nataku021]

That Cal BCS comment stung a bit in light of this past few days events, as a fellow Cal alum.

[@cemsity]

RIP PAC-12

[@smatthewson2613]

We need to talk about Kelvin made me smile, glad someone else's brain works like that. great video, as usual.

[@user-hb7py7xy7b]

Lev Shubnikov. Charged with sabotage in the field of physics that he basically created in USSR. Arrested August 6 1937. Executed November 10 1937. He was only 36 years old.

[@vernacular1483]

The paranoia of the Russians is always their undoing 😮

[@dav1dbone]

Probably it will take a long time to discover whether superconductivity occurs at ambient temperature, also would not surprise me if their composition was really simple, such as stuff we're already aware of just ordered in a different way, perhaps computer modelling would find the answer. Either way if such materials are possible, finding the limit of what is possible could be a revelation.

[@xxmrrickxx]

I just discovered your awesome channel. Defiantly bingeworthy content.

[@Joy-ng7iu]

It was the old science theory a long time ago but nobody try to produce these kind of product. LK99 almost nearly to succeed so that's why people talked about it. It's like smartphone that nobody knew a long time ago.

[@ssun190]

To be fair, "stay away from theorists" is a guiding principle for physics experimentalist of many subfields

[@WildEngineering]

"it was an EEs wet dream" can confirm

[@helmutzollner5496]

Thank you! Excellent overview!

[@GreatgoatonFire]

Very interesting, hope you are able to do a summary of how LK99 shacked out in half a year or so.

[@temptemp563]

Let's enjoy it-a-a-a-and it's over!

[@KarlBunker]

A great episode. Fascinating, informative, and understandable.

[@marco21274]

Zeitschrift für Physik was founded by Albert Einstein, Karl Scheel, Wilhelm Westphal and Fritz Habe. In 1920s many of the German quantum mechanics papers were published their. So maybe not so obscure?

[@dasherreal]

Love your channel. Great writing, always learn something. Thank you.

[@MonoPrime]

It’s pretty clear at this point that LK-99 is conclusively not a room temperature superconductor. Nature has already begun to publish non-peer reviewed news releases that have made it clear that the three real attempts at re-creation resulted in two of them providing zero evidence whatsoever for any superconducting property, with the third exhibiting zero resistance at ~ -163C (with very poor measurement tolerances that cannot distinguish between low and zero resistance), however there was absolutely no messier effect which is the defining property of a superconducting material. Given the reproduction efforts have been complete failures and that the paper itself is by definition un-scientific (has not undergone a peer-review) I think it’s safe to say that LK-99 is another of the falsely stated “room temperature superconductors” that have been announced every 18-24 months for the last 10-15 years in spite of the fact that they always end up failing to be replicated whatsoever.

[@Gameboygenius]

While everyone else in the comments are talking about superconductors, I'm noticing something else. 1:23 is the third nice mustache award given on this channel that I recall. Or at least I thought so until I went back and looked through the Soviet economy video. The subtitle there was "stupid sexy Stalin" and not about the moustache as I had remembered. Now I just have to figure out which other video had a mustache comment lately...

[@Ludix147]

I saw a demonstration of the Meissner effect as a kid at some science event, and I just accepted it like I did magnets. It's amazing that superconductors are such a new discovery in general!

[@HazyFelix]

4:57 How can a scientist born in St-Petersburg be Ukrainian?

[@Alex-kh8zj]

cause his parents were ukrainian. where your born doesn’t determine your ethnicity

[@alexeysharonov7765]

How Russian accountant Vasili Shubnikov become Ukrainian?

[@HazyFelix]

@@Alex-kh8zjhis father was a russian accountant while the mom worked in the house, I am not sure where you got that information from

[@dewiz9596]

Beautiful explanations!

[@edwardbarnett6571]

The reason Maglev failed in China is because it only has 1 cm clearance and costs too much to build and maintain and the reason it failed in Japan even after 10 years with passengers is because it uses old drill and blast horshoe shaped tunnels instead of TBM and everybody wants a station.

[@AnanyaChadha]

great video, so insightful, helpful, and interesting, thank you so much!

[@ckennylin717]

I was going to suggest a video on why only a few companies (GE, Philips, Toshiba, Siemens) own the market for MRI and other high-end medical imaging systems - this pretty much explains it. I think there are newcomers emerging from China also.

[@brainthesizeofplanet]

Well there are two reasons as video shows: 1) it's very complicated 2) it's not a large market However there are now Chinese magnets, but I don't know how good they really are - they are currently trying to brake into the European market however I haven't seen a quote yet

[@Erik-rp1hi]

ITER has made great videos posted on you-tube about how they make the super conductor coils for the vessels plasma containment.

[@sunnohh]

Thank you for the BCS tangent, I DRAM appreciated it

[@thisisakoolname9927]

BCS also stands for "Better Call Saul". Bravo Vince

[@jansenart0]

24:18 "Yesterday's Jam" would've been so much better...

[@homo-sapiens-dubium]

This channel is so autistic, I love it. Great content. Ignore the 5th word if you find it unfitting, my main statement is that I love this channel & its community!

[@fss1704]

i'm sure you came from r/

[@homo-sapiens-dubium]

@@fss1704 I dont get what you mean, lol if its reddit, then no, I did not. I quit reddit a long time ago (its also a social network) and I found this channel a long time ago & always come back - I like routines, btw.

[@fss1704]

@@homo-sapiens-dubium i brought at least 500 people from reddit here. Good to see another asperger here though

[@SCIFIaction]

Def do a superconducting computer video!!!

[@pirateradioFPV]

So far it seems like a semiconductor at best, ceramic at worst. Weak diamagnet but some have tested it becoming superconductor at 110k which would still be in the top 5 of normal pressures, but without exotic materials. I do believe there's something in the idea of using an insulator with internal crystal structure that allows electrons passage but the insulator would have to be as inert as the expected outcome and there are multiple obstacles on the way of that. Even your electric cables have oscillation modes.

[@shinshin367]

If you look at Korea's lk99 patent, everything is explained

[@shiccup]

This is amazing really answers the questions ive been having, Being a complete noob to material science other than basic chemistry.

[@bobbydazzler6990]

"Alot" is not a word.

[@shiccup]

@@bobbydazzler6990 thanks mrs frizzle

[@EpicGamer-ux1tu]

Really well made video! Thanks for your hard work

[@mabbasi_of]

On LinkedIn I put my opinion and observation and what I waited first, but directly observed what made me believe it is not a superconductor. But I hope I am wrong. Take a read

[@Practicalinvestments]

I was looking for a good video on this new discovery, this is perfect! An awesome explanation and timeline of superconductor research I now can understand the research a little more!

[@Mekchanoid]

I feel the physical and engineering properties of superconductors get only a cursory mention in this video but would go a long way to explain the challenges facing the field. The ceramic ambient superconducting wires seem to really stretch the definition of 'wire', they can hardly bend, let alone coil, without breaking.

[@OzMat]

There is a whole lot of things that I don't understand in this and many of your uploads, but I still find them fascinating . Luckily, I can lift heavy things. 😊

[@djdeluxe76]

1:37 "and just some other guys" picture shows Albert Einstein 😅

[@Xeonerable]

Mr. Kemerlingh-Onnes indeed does have one badass stache.

[@MeerKatReport]

Take a look at American Superconductor's (AMSC) recent products, they have "high temperature superconducting wire" which is installed and functioning on the grid in Chicago for over a year (program is called REG). And they are under contract with the Navy installing HTS wire on Marine amphibious assault ships as a replacement to legacy copper wires in the anti-mine degaussing system. if I recall, their system is liquid nitrogen cooled and able to handle significant current. Sounds like they are ramping production as well.

[@danis8455]

Hands down best tech channel on youtube.

[@richardhall5277]

Great video. A video I wish I'd had in the 90's as a Physics undergrad.

[@nickthehill]

full time professional wikipedia narrator

[@jonathanchua6726]

when i first heard LK99, i instinctively thought LV246...

[@isstuff]

I love that you put at least one sassy comment into every video.

[@MasterMayhem78]

If it’s for real and can be scaled easily this could absolutely be the next big thing. Lossless power generation, lossless power storage, lossless power transmission. This could open up doors for technology we’ve only dreamed of.

[@SetiSupreme]

LK-99 is complete bullshit as in: it's nothing new. High temperature superconductors have been around for thirty years and the reason why all the hype for this is absolutely misguided and ridiculous is the fact that there is no practical uses for it. It's a brittle ceramic from which you cannot make wires and it doesn't take heat nor high voltages well.

[@szaszm_]

I'm hopeful but skeptical about LK-99. I've seen news of failed reproductions, but the hype doesn't seem to be over yet.

[@2sridhark]

When you say subscribe, you should also mention this comes at a price!

[@Jeremy-fl2xt]

My only regret is that I have but one thumb to give. What excellent coverage of a technical topic.

[@vince0was0here]

Great summary piece!

[@ZimoNitrome]

So based. I tried googling for the history of SCs yesterday but this vid os better than what I found.

[@room5245]

Watched tens of hours of your content, first one I'm catching fresh from the oven. Ty man for being sexily educational

[@richardarriaga6271]

Don't be weird

[@badgermcbadger1968]

Sexily educational is true worst phrase I heard in a while

[@room5245]

@@badgermcbadger1968 That's erotically blunt of you

[@PedramV]

I really want LK-99 to be real but the drama around their published papers makes me suspicious.

[@cconnors]

I feel like there was something personal behind mentioning BCS and Cal.

[@AndrewMellor-darkphoton]

lk-99 looks good but has to be easy to manufacture, high current, and not scam. Looks like manufacturing isn't easy since I haven't been able to test it this week. Though superconductor in boiling water with non exotic material still sounds cool.

[@nathangamble125]

It seems like it will be easy to manufacture in small volumes and low purity, but that the problem will be getting good enough yield for it to actually be usable.

[@rasungod0]

It is a ceramic, so making wires out of it is not really gonna be a thing. They are working on putting tracks of it on a circuit board. But as many have pointed out, their demo video with the dangling mediation was faked by attaching LK99 to copper. Copper reacts to moving magnetic fields. So the movement would have been from the copper, not from the LK99

[@AndrewMellor-darkphoton]

@@nathangamble125 it looks pretty hard to manufacture since you can't use the normal techniques to make the mineral. There have been multiple failed attempts this week. Also looks like the first one they show is incomplete.

[@macicoinc9363]

​@@rasungod0 Do you just regurgitate whatever thunderf00t says? YBCO cables are mass produced and it is a ceramic

[@AndrewMellor-darkphoton]

@@macicoinc9363 thunderfoot didn't mention anything. Also that superconductor took decades to figure out how to produce it due to them having learning how to layer it.

[@jefferychartier2536]

this is an amazing video! thanks for posting!

[@captainbongwater7790]

8:11 If I knew that my legacy would go on to include _The Big Bang Theory_ I would be doing backflips in my grave

[@divisiona3974]

There’s been 9 “discoveries” of SC materials this year alone... Let’s see....

[@sheldondearr]

Great video on the subject, I appreciate the conclusory pragmatism

[@bikecrew1736]

I say fake. Too simple. Too easy.

[@craigking391]

I just heard about LK-99 today and thought of your video on the Korean cloning debacle.

[@liri100000]

복제사기로 낙인찍힌 황박사는 현재 사우디 보호아래 있다. 유전자 복제특허는 다음해에 받았다. 작은나라에서 큰 일을 한다는건 주변 강대국의 제제떄문에 쉽지않다.LK99 논문이 1년동안 네이처에 묵인됐고 그래서 레시피를 오픈했다...한국의 인류애는 화살로 돌아오고 있다. 차이점- BCS(양자물리학기반) 미국,일본(신칸센) LK99(ISB 응집,입자물리학이론)

[@vishnuajith8341]

The rush and hype for superconductor seems very similar to the current hype for quantum computers.

[@joegonzalez6241]

i think the burnt out electron(felix sphere particle) are frozen in place

[@shrikelet]

Even if the hype surrounding LK-99 evaporates, we're probably approaching the point where the economics of NbTi wires and liquid He for MRI machines is starting to look unattractive.

[@KioAMVs]

As a Texas Longhorn who graduated the year we won the BCS championship, I laughed.

[@sammykyalo2938]

100 years in the making

[@philippepanayotov9632]

Sir, You are a living Legend! This is an astonishing video! Superconductors have always fascinated me and I have tried to study as much as I can on this subject. Your video has more in it that I have found and read (about superconductivity) for 25 years or so.

[@alexanderstone9463]

It’s not true that all high temperature nitrogen cooled superconductors use rare earth elements! You can also use Mercury or Thallium. On second thought, maybe stick to using REEs.

[@kevincrawford2372]

This was excellent, more please!

[@kechisen]

Nice subtle "Dread Pirate Roberts" reference! 😂

[@gobaers]

I was having a good day until you mentioned Cal Football 😭

[@sindobrandnew]

24:00 LK-99 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@jeffwads]

21:30. Gandalf looks great.

[@marcos-123q]

Thay was an awesome video!

[@action4newsinligme803]

Cooper pairs are bosons, fermions follow the Pauli exclusion principle (boson/fermion is determined by spin). Bosons simply do not have a pauli exclusion principle