Atelectasis in hindi | cause, pathophysiology, symptoms, management | collapsed lung

Atelectasis in hindi | cause, pathophysiology, symptoms, management | collapsed lung
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what is atelectasis
Collapse of alveoli and lungs tissue resulting impaired gas exchange
Alveoli I the terminal part of bronchial tree where exchange of gas take place.
Cause( Etiology ) :-
It may be
Acute due to post operative
Chronic due to COPD
A. Airway obstruction
( Blockage of airway )
1. Mucus plus
2.foreign body
3. Tumor
4. Blood clot
5. COPD - bronchitis,asthama
6. Emphysema
B. Non-obstructive
( Increase external pressure on body)
1. Chest trauma
2. Pleural effusion
3. Large tumor
4. Pneumonia
5. Musculoskeletal problem
6. Increase abdominal pressure
7. Upper abdomen and chest surgery
8. Enlarge lymphnode
Risk Factor :-
1. Age - below 5 year and above 60 year
2. Lung disease - copd,Asthma,cystic fibrosis
3. Premature birth
4. Abdomen & chest surgery
5. General anaesthesia
6. Muscular dystrophy
7. Neuromuscular condition
8. Spinal cord injury
9. smoking
Pathophysiology
Airway obstruction
Air traped in alveoli
Traped air absorb into blood
Part of lung become airless
Lack of lung surfactant
Recoil and collapsed alveoli
Impaired gas exchange
Hypoxemia
Acute respiratory failure
Clinical Manifestation (Sign and Symptom )
1. Cough with sputum
2. Low grade fever
3. Dyspnea ( Breathing difficulty )
4. Tachycardia
5. Tachypnea
6. Pleural pain ( chest pain )
7. Central cyanosis
8. Wheezing sound
9. Breathing difficulty in Supine position
DIagnostic Evaluation
1. Physical examination :-
- Reduce breathing sound
- Crackles sound
2. Chest X-Ray
Pathy infiltrate and
Consolidated area
3. Pulse oximetry
Slow below 90%
4. CT scan
Management
Pharmacological management
- Bronchodilator ( Nebulizer ) - Albulerol
- Antibiotics for teat infection
-.Acetylcysteine to thinking mucous
2. Nasotracheal and oral suctioning
3. Bronchoscopy to remove airway obstruction
4. Chest Physiotherapy
- Chest percussion - clear airway
- Deep breathing exercise
- Postural drainage - remove secretion
5. incentive spirometry to improve breating
6. Positive expirametry pressure ( PEP therapy )
7. Nebulizer - sodium bicarbonate + bronchodilator
8. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation
Prevention
1. Change patient position frequently
2. Encourage early mobilization
3. Encourage deep breathing and coughing
4. Administered prescribed opioid and sedative
Juridiciously.
5. Perform postural.drainage.
6. suctioning to clean airway.
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[@1anatomyphysiology]

Good job sir 😊

[@ajaykumarrawat7587]

Thank you 🙏🙏

[@NursingVeda]

Most welcome

[@fireflight-offical]

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[@1anatomyphysiology]

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[@NursingVeda]

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