Audio Amplifier Basic Circuit Build Demo

[@RepairsMX]

All of the Videos I have Seen From You Are Great and I enjoy to learn, I'm 38 and now I wish to study and be able to use the occiloscope like you and make circuits knowing the way how and why It works. Thanks So Much for your Channel.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks and your welcome. Here are two links that may help you. The Vacuum Tube Shortwave Radio (password allamericanfiveradio) www.richardmcwhorter.com/vacuumtuberadio/ Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series (24 PDF) www.richardmcwhorter.com/NavyTraining/

[@GianfrancoTronu]

Finally ! A great tutorial also for an italian like me, you're a very smart people, speaking slowly, i understand all what you are saying ! Great !

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thank you, and your welcome.

[@jagrutbhatt3301]

Excellent explanation sir. Helps in understanding overall concept. Thanks.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks

[@raguaviva]

Great video! Just for completeness, what transistor are you using?

[@mohamedamezianetamendjari4126]

up

[@Gizmos_and_stuff]

2N2222

[@brianlink391]

You have a nice calming voice. :-)

[@nedstar7378]

Thanks for sharing its very useful, I need a preamp for my electric guitar because I have a 60 watt amplifier circuit but I can not connect the guitar directly to the amplifier without preamp. Today I build a preamplifier like the first stage you show but I got to much overdrive, but now I seen your video I believe I just have to make it with more stages. Thanks very much, you give me new hope.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks and your welcome.

[@Ronbob59]

Looks like the change over worked fine for you. Glad to hear it.

[@TonyButchT]

Very interesting! Great video and lesson! Thank You!

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks Tony T.

[@EllwoodJT]

I'm looking at building an audio meter bridge for an analogue mixer just as a bit of fun, using 6e2 magic eye tubes for display. I will interrupt the signal post fader on the mixer for each channel strip. Would this type of amplifier/buffer you are demonstrating be suitable to isolate the main signal from the fader sufficiently and stop and impedance feedback and drive the tube magic eye vu device? Thank you in anticipation. Ellwood

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

I found some 6E2 drivers on eBay. Just search '6E2 tube'. This should work for our project.

[@satanicinduction]

This is super useful information. Thank you for making this video.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thank you, and your welcome.

[@maxamedxuseen1740]

What type of transistor you used for your project

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Just a general purpose transistor, a 2N222.

[@alchemy1]

I like to know how I would sit this up to light up an LED by sending an arc through an antenna and another receiving antenna at the breadboard? It certainly could use multiple transistors, for sure.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Can you explain a little more, what it is you want to do, and why?

[@alchemy1]

@@AllAmericanFiveRadio I like to use a high voltage arc by whatever means such as a cig lighter piezoelectric or high voltage arc that I can make happen across say a 6 inch antenna. On the receiving end at the bread board a recieving antenna that I can hook up to the base and the emitter of some bjt transistor. So I can light up an LED by supply the transistor with some voltage. Basically using the antenna to supply voltage to the base. I have used two BJT, the collector of one to the base of the other. I have done it and it works but I think it can be done much better. Just trying to get a feel how things work.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@@alchemy1 I would try using two tank circuits. I would make the coils large, maybe six inches in diameter. Spark gaps transmitters are very noisy, and inefficient.

[@EarlRausch]

Great information,and very well done! i think my class back in 1978 might have been the last class on vacuum tube's, Solid state is wonderful!. Used to have to use a VTVM, now a rather cheap multi meter will work, heck there are even hand held O scopes. I would like to see what changes are made fifty years from now, but at 60 I will have to imagne. Good luck to you guys that work,or tinker in electronics!

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks EarlRausch

[@0dbm]

Fast speakers really don’t care about their listeners Slow speakers care about their listeners Thanks for caring Good stuff

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thank you, and your welcome.

[@ytho8025]

What capacitor did you use at the 22uf

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Electrolytic

[@rajeshnair4399]

Thank you for the great video. I’m new to electronics so this might be a silly question. Won’t the capacitors and the 1k resistors form a high pass filter? If that is the case then the 0.033uF capacitor and the 1k resistor will give a corner frequency of about 4.8kHz. Is this amplifier still usable for audio applications?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

The resistor and capacitor will have some influence. If the capacitors where going to ground that's when there would be a much greater impact on the audio. Interesting question.

[@rajeshnair4399]

I tried simulating this circuit on LTSpice this morning. The output of the amplifier does look like that of a first order high pass filter with a corner frequency around 4.8kHz. I don’t quite understand, if the capacitor was going to ground, won’t that form a low pass filter instead?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@@rajeshnair4399 The signal passes through capacitors, so if you ground the capacitors you ground out the signal. Here are a few videos that may help you understand this process. Capacitors, DC and AC Current kzbin.info/www/bejne/hHrRpWSJqJiph5Y Capacitors, DC, AC, and Frequencies kzbin.info/www/bejne/j5etfIGJoN-Sgs0 Audio Coupling Capacitor, how it Functions in a Circuit kzbin.info/www/bejne/hnKzn6qOa76cf68

[@rajeshnair4399]

AllAmericanFiveRadio Thank you for the great videos 😊🙏🏻

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@@rajeshnair4399 Thanks and your welcome.

[@MsFireboy2]

At what frequency is the input signal at?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

400 cycles

[@MsFireboy2]

@@AllAmericanFiveRadio Thank you.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@@MsFireboy2 Thank you, and your welcome.

[@thaironynarazaki8120]

Hey friend! If I want to add another stage of this circuit, with more one transistor, will I need to repeat the 0,033 uf or must to use another value?! I need to amplify a weak signal of my electric guitar for one speaker!

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Just add a third stage just like the second stage, .033uF, 10k, 1K, 1K, 100, 2N2222

[@thaironynarazaki8120]

Thank you! I will try this way!

[@hobbyrob313]

@@thaironynarazaki8120 those capacitors before, between, and after the amplifiers (transistors) also affect the sound/the tone of the sound, you should try! 0.1uF more high - and 1uF more bass - Try it also with 10uF and 100uF (extra bass) regards Rob.

[@JDtheEE]

Hello , how do you calculate the resistors? I am wanting a higher frequency amplifier and want to calculate the resistors for that frequency.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

First decide what frequencies you want to cover. Then chose a transistor that will do the job. Then using the manufactures specifications to find the current and voltage through the Emitter & Base junction that will produce the output required by what it is your driving at the Collector. Now that you have the current and voltage you need for the Base bias you use Ohms Law to find the resistors. But you have to chose the resistor combination that will match the impedance of the signal coming into the base. That’s how you calculate the Bias Resistors.

[@angellizarraga4669]

Thanks a lot for this info. I think this is the way, if you want to teach somebody, to show the work. congrats for this video and I hope my words inspire you to keep doing in this way.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thank you, and your welcome.

[@garygranato9164]

thank you for explaining what you do as your doing it, it really helps myself and others to learn. subscribed !!

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks, and your welcome. Please download my FREE eBook. Password allamericanfiveradio The Vacuum Tube Shortwave Radio www.richardmcwhorter.com/vacuumtuberadio/

[@garygranato9164]

@@AllAmericanFiveRadio thank you for the download sir

[@iva666]

what transistors did you use in this video ?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

2N2222

[@loganlawson8015]

I would think 2N3904's would work. also 2N2222A's are probably ok..

[@JLSoftware]

Why is the 12V connected to the base of the second stage?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Bias

[@td7456]

Great way to find the biasing point! Thanks, glad you're still AllAmericanFiveRadio too! LOL!

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks Tim Dockery

[@MrPounal]

dose it matter where the neg or pos of the cap turn?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Not in this case. I'm using non-polar capacitor.

[@Petoonster]

Nice tutorial. Why no bypass caps?

[@AndyDaviesByTheSea]

Hi Rick nice demo, the joy of getting the biasing right. It always surprised me how even a little bit of ‘flat-topping’ distorts the sound of music. I hope you and your family are well, haven’t had a lot of time for KZbin this side of the pond lately. 73’s Andy GWØJXM

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Hey Andy, Yes it is amazing how flat top & bottom real hurts. Really bad for speakers, Carver slid the distortion off peak so it would be easier on the speakers and ears. I was wondering what you have been doing? I'm sure another KZbin project will come-along. I hope you all are doing well. And Thanks!

[@etg9080]

I wish you come up with more additional transistors added and show the result.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thank you. If you and another stage it will increase the signal again. If you add to many stages the output signal will become distorted. That would make an interesting video.

[@adammuehlbauer1027]

cool video, learned something

[@billrenfro9183]

Please try this swap the 10K and 1K resistor then leave out the variable resistor and put a capacitor across the 100 ohm emitter resistor. Use like .1mfd input cap. You may not need to swap the 10K and 1K depending on the transistor used.

[@ferdidelarosa8246]

Sir, may i ask how many watts of speaker should i use with this scheme?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

This would be low watts. Four watts or more should work fine.

[@pji6494]

It's very nice video, superb like it! Make another very good video for us novice...

[@Newlife-ol6pk]

Nice video!I was Reading an article where the engineer was saying he didnt use the formulas since college.And most people here on KZbin use formulas only..Good to see your experiment.One question..What If You choose lower voltage?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

It is proportional until you reach the working limits of the transistor.

[@Guy-z6o]

why not ident the transistors...BC547? Just a guess...

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

I used a 2N2222 and have added this to the description.

[@Elios0000]

you have any videos on OP Amps?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

I have one, do a channel search on "op amp"

[@orbitaaltube]

Hi there, I really enjoy your content and am just starting to learn about amplifier circuits. I was looking for some help with a project to add an Aux input to an old HiFi from 1994. I have the circuit diagram but im struggling a little with understand the correct area to add in the L,R,G pre the power amp. If possible id like to be able to still have volume control. If you could spare some time to help I would really appreciate it. Regards. Brian

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Your can email me at [e-mail]

[@SP330Y]

@AllAmericanFiveRadio Your videos are easy to understand,you speed of speech is perfect for understanding as you leave pauses which in that time i can absorb what you said and remember it,so thanks for this very professional presentation. Also your diagram at 4.56 shows exactly the smaller input signal compared to the output of the 1st transistor then again at the output of the 2nd transistor which is an excellent way to describe and visually show the amplification process :) I have a question for you ....? The way the 2 transistors are configured together so that the collector of the 1st transistor feeds the base of the second transistor what amplification factor would this give to each individual transistor, e.g is 1st transistor x10 and then for eg the 2nd transistor would be x10 too so total of x100,does it work like that? Finally if the 2 transistors were to be wired up in a darlington pair configuration would that setup give a lot more x amplification??

[@gerryroberts662]

I am good with small circuits, i think i can build this...Wow.. Love this. would be great for a phono...

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thank you, and your welcome. Keep experimenting!!!

[@hobbyrob313]

Hello, Would not it have been better to keep the first capacitor lower in value? 22uF seems very much (to me) and when we talk about sound, these capacitors also affect the sound color, I mean the tone. it would be fun to do this video again with more information about that! friendly greetings from The Netherlands! Rob.

[@ThuanDuong-pv3xu]

@HobbyRob ; Did you try to simulate by Proteus 8 ? I have tried but the output signal is not sin wave !

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks

[@hobbyrob313]

@@AllAmericanFiveRadio Sorry I saw your writing too late! (not in Proteus 8 no!) I used this kind of circuit as a preamp, and it worked for me. Friendly greetings from The Netherlands! Rob

[@HDgaming345]

Hello nice demonstration!! I'm trying to make an audio amplifier as a project can i use this design and make 10 same stages and connect a speaker at output of last stage?? Will it work??

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

This will work for the pre-amp and amplifier. If you want to drive a speaker, that stage needs to supply more current. Because speakers require current to drive the speaker cone.

[@HDgaming345]

AllAmericanFiveRadio i made 8 stage Amplifier using your resistor values in orcad pspice software and I'm getting an output voltage of around 1.5-2 kilo volts...that will supply enough current I guess if i connect 500 ohm speaker

[@vishaltalware3049]

How to connect Capacitor +or-terminal

[@321reh]

Awesome Video..Thanks Rick!!! From The Other Rick!!!!

[@samueljimenez4754]

Great video!

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks

[@cassvirgillo3395]

Hi AAFR, As always a most excellent tutorial, first place I go to for electronic tutorials. I would really like to know why a 9V battery would stay cool while circuit is on, but, get really hot when turned off, with no apparent voltage or current present on circuit board. Would you know why this is so. Please keep making video tutorials, I take notes on every one. Thankyou, C.

[@owenkegg5608]

I know it's a bit of an old comment, but if you never found a solution it sounds like the circuit turns off by closing a switch parallel with the circuit, which would short across the battery and make it really hot.

[@tarlingkhongwir9467]

Where are the calculations for the components?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

It's Ohms Law and look up the specifications for 2N2222.

[@melplishka5978]

Very nice for a simple amp.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thank You.

[@fritzhvienc.ortega9415]

Hi Sir this circuit work in NPN TRANSISTOR?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Yes, just change battery polarity.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Build a Two Transistor Audio Amplifier kzbin.info/www/bejne/fpDck5p-gbCYbNk

[@fritzhvienc.ortega9415]

thank you so much Sir

[@fritzhvienc.ortega9415]

thank you sir.

[@area46241]

you're a really good teacher Radio amazes me

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks area46241

[@ramazanayten3758]

Hello, how can we mute the sound at an empty (noise) frequency on the fm radio, what should I use for this? example : zsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss (white noise)

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

GOOGLE "Squelch Circuit". You will find lots of circuits and explanations of how the circuits work.

[@ramazanayten3758]

@@AllAmericanFiveRadio I want to cut the noise blank frequency noise

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@@ramazanayten3758 That is what a squelch circuit does.

[@DenzCasuela]

I watched this without any knowledge about electronics

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks and your welcome.

[@DenzCasuela]

@@AllAmericanFiveRadio the thing is, I'm also starting my second year on electrical engineering yet I know nothing

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@@DenzCasuela Keep experimenting! Build projects your interested in on bread boards. I have been experimenting and building project since High School. It's interesting and fun. I have just turned 75 and it is still interesting and fun, because there's always something new. Good luck.

[@cassvirgillo3395]

Hi Rick, I hope that you are well. I never heard back on if you would like to have the Radio Amateurs Handbook, in great condition, I would pay post to ship. You would get more use out of it than I would, free. Thank you for all the excellent tutorials on electronics and radio. On my Ward Airline tube radio, it looks like an AM scale, but, has BC on the left, and, KC on the right. KC I think is Kilo Cycles, but, do not know what BC is, guessing Beat Cycles ?. See, you would know. Let me know P.O. addy and will send care of. Check out Uncle Doug and Rusty on KZbin, I think you may find it of interest. He does tube amps. Take care, Cass.

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Cass Virgillo Hey Cass, sometimes I lose emails or get very busy and forget about them. So I'm glad you emailed again that's what I tell everyone if they don't hear back from me. Thanks for your offer of the handbook, but I must decline the offer, because I'm trying to thin things out. I hope your Ward Airline radio is working. The BC stands for broadcast band, I'm not sure why they chose BC back then. I did check out uncle Doug, looks like a very nice channel.Thanks again for writing. Rick

[@fritzhvienc.ortega9415]

how many watts Sir?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

1/8W

[@gustavosicaviani7553]

beautiful!!

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks for your comment.

[@95ooi]

hi, thank you for sharing!!

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks

[@anthonyfruelda8175]

sir, what transistor should I use in that circuit?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

2N2222

[@anthonyfruelda8175]

+AllAmericanFiveRadio can I add bypass capacitor? what value of capacitor shoud I use sir?

[@anthonyfruelda8175]

+AllAmericanFiveRadio if theres no 2N2222 available, what transistor

[@anthonyfruelda8175]

+AllAmericanFiveRadio if theres no 2N2222 available, is there any transistor i can use in this ckt sir???

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

www.ebay.com/itm/2N2222-Transistors-NPN-Transistor-10pcs-USA-Seller-Ships-TODAY/163043942430?hash=item25f62d201e:g:hxEAAOSwWida4O2z

[@salamkhorga4884]

Great thanks

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks and your welcome.

[@eaglehigh-h3e]

Fantastic

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks and your welcome.

[@jonnyjay3222]

this can almost be unintentional asmr

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks and your welcome.

[@jonnyjay3222]

@@AllAmericanFiveRadio informative too just like others have said just unexpectedly relaxing

[@gezahegntbk714]

best idea

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks and your welcome.

[@AntiqueRadioandTV]

Very interesting Rick! Especially the the smaller decoupling cap between the two stages so as not to overdrive the second stage and clipping it. Curious. Is this method also used commonly by electronics engineers in real world circuit design as well? It's kind of like using an out of tolerance capacitor to be used as a passive limiting resistance with the properties unique to capacitors which blocks D.C. It makes perfect sense, but something I honestly never entertained. Very interesting indeed! Thanks for the great video, Tom

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Design Engineers use math of-course also. But the data that they use from the manufacturer was developed in the lab by experimentation. The experimentation on there product is where the manufactures get the numbers for the design engineers. But in a new build even with the data from the manufacturer, engineers will still put there project in a lab for testing and adjustment. I have work in many labs and they cost millions and millions of dollars, manufacturer would not spend that money on labs of it was not absolutely necessary.

[@raguaviva]

that cap is needed to remove the 6V DC offset

[@kraftybrett]

44

[@fritzhvienc.ortega9415]

hello Sir where is the NPN and PNP?

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Both transistors are NPN

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

These two videos us NPN and PNP transistors Junction Transistor for the Beginner, the basics kzbin.info/www/bejne/poTXoahuedifjtE Transistor Amplifier for the Beginner, the basics kzbin.info/www/bejne/ol7Vl4Och8yBgJo

[@malaimusic7772]

Hindi langue spiking sir

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Do you have a question?

[@monhbatonon6333]

my fucking teacher makes all this seem like some stuff out of this world. She always acts as if she knows everything thats goin on but actually she seems clueless about anything

[@AllAmericanFiveRadio]

I sense frustration. Give the answers on the tests she wants, you need the grade. Good luck.