AUSTRONESIAN: FORMOSAN LANGUAGES (TAIWAN)

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[@J11_boohoo]

It’s just completely devastating when cultures and languages become extinct

[@notme6753]

I heard Hawaiian language is in the verge of extinction... Hope the natives can preserve it and someday revive it. It's a beautiful Austronesian language 😢

[@BionikleFG]

@@notme6753Hawaiian I believe has been on the rise again.

[@notme6753]

@@BionikleFG That's good to know

[@Kadukunahaluu]

Chamorro language is dying, and the culture is already erased. It isn't a pretty sounding language like Hawaiian, or even comparably awesome sounding as other austronesian languages, but it still saddens me that it'll probably be gone in about 50 years

[@user-wb7ur4yp6z]

just like tocharian

[@ikhebdieishetnietgoeddathe4057]

Crazy how there is more linguistic diversity within Austronesian in one island than whole of Southeast Asia and Oceania. It is one of the factors that show these languages are older than Austronesian languages where else and shows that Taiwan is likely the birthplace of Austronesian languages

[@zephyr9949]

Can I ask how linguistic diversity within an area has anything to do with the area being a "birthplace" of a family of languages? Or were those two statements you made mutually exclusive? Genuine curious question!

[@ikhebdieishetnietgoeddathe4057]

@@zephyr9949 So the chronology of the dispersal of languages within a language family can be traced from the area of greatest linguistic variety to that of the least. For example English in North America has a large amount of speakers spread over a big area but has much less dialectal diversity compared English in Britain, a much smaller island with less speakers. This suggest English in North America is more recent. The same can be applied to different languages. So the longer a language (family) has been in an area, the more time there has been for that language (family) to develop different dialects and over a long time split of into different languages (or branches). The diversity in Taiwan suggests the languages have been much longer there than the other Austronesian languages in Southeast Asia and Oceania, so out of all Austronesian languages, the ones in Taiwan seem the oldest

[@max00son]

This is really cool information so thank you. But admittedly, I read somewhere that austronesians came from coastal Fujian China with evidence showing today that a tiny fraction of China’s population near that specific coast actually does have a small percentage of austronesian dna. It was also said that austronesians had this unique ability of having their skin adapt to whatever climates the homes had faster than most, if not, all other ethnic groups. Maybe that’s why Filipinos and Filipinas from the Philippines can get tanned ridiculously fast even after 3-5 minutes under the sun? Honestly though, this observation was anecdotal. I don’t know… What do you think?

[@junkieg]

​@@ikhebdieishetnietgoeddathe4057 I think there might be deliberate language change involved like Mayrinax. Taiwan is relatively small and the diversity of languages is unprecedented: 20+ related but mutually unintelligible languages.

[@junkieg]

@@zephyr9949 When a land (.e.g England) has multiple dialects and some speakers move from their birthplace to a new land, either (a) only a fraction of people and dialects move, or (b) people of different dialect groups mix in the new region. Both will reduce the diversity in the destination, while the birthplace retains the many dialects. However, this doesn't mean that the birthplace preserves the "older" features of the language. Often it's the opposite -- for example, American English is more conservative because it still pronounces the "r" in words.

[@MindQuest007]

I recently found the fact that I am part of Ketagelan, an aboriginal tribe once thrived in Taipei before Han culture came. I found at least one of my ancestors was Ketagelan. It's so sad that the culture is completely gone in the island. Thank you for finding the language. It's the first time ever I hear Ketagelan.

[@user-yr2pv4ou8f]

Wow, so which tribe or whereabouts in Taipei did your ancestors belong to cuz same here.😂

[@MindQuest007]

@user-yr2pv4ou8f They were Tatayo of Basay not far from Songshan Airport by Keelung River.

[@user-yr2pv4ou8f]

@@MindQuest007 ​@MindQuest007 Do you happened to know some of the relatives who also lived at your old place? I heard that most of your people had been relocated to the apartment at Dazhi near the river. By the way, I'm still finding my ancestry and I'm pretty sure my grandmoms side is from Luilang or aka the general definition of Ketagalan originally. Hope we can work together to revitalise our culture!

[@M_dMV]

Fun fact! Formosa is a Portuguese name for “beautiful”, and due to the island being so beautiful, when the Portuguese came, they named it “Formosa”

[@david_oliveira71]

European or Brazilian Portuguese? Thanks!

[@oishibaking]

@@david_oliveira71lol “when the Portuguese came”. Is Portugal in Europe or Brazil

[@oishibaking]

@@david_oliveira71European ..

[@M_dMV]

@@david_oliveira71 who were the first westerns on Taiwan? Portuguese people or Brazilian people?

[@Omouja]

@@david_oliveira71 formosa means beautiful in Portuguese in general, but were the Portuguese sailors who named the island.

[@Cupapet93]

I'm from Bali, shoutout to all my austronesian brothers and sisters and our cousin the polynesian. Never forget your roots! 🌊⛵♥

[@angelamerkel687]

javanesi balinese is austroasiatic not austronesian language

[@asor4653]

@@angelamerkel687 ​​⁠​the language is definitely Austronesian! however, the DNA of the people is a mixture of Austronesian, Austroasiatic, and Melanesian.

[@Cupapet93]

@@angelamerkel687 we always been austronesian, prolonged contact with indian created some mixtured culture, other austroasiatic countries also had been through this phase before. many austronesian customs and traditions still prominent in balinese culture

[@lyd4712]

​​@@angelamerkel687stfu. I'm tired when people say "Javanese, Malay and Balinese are Austroasiatic". NO, THEY ARE NOT. Much of their DNA IS AUSTRONESIAN, and their culture and language are ALSO AUSTRONESIAN. If you don't think of them as Austronesian, then most of the Austronesian speakers in eastern Indonesia and Melanesia aren't considered Austronesian either? it is also like saying Iranians and north Indians are not part of the Indo-Europeans because their DNA is so mixed. And what's your point anyway by saying that huh?

[@user-nv3bl2kw7l]

the Javanese are of Austronesian origins whose ancestors are thought to have originated in Taiwan, and migrated through the Philippines to reach Java between 1,500BC and 1,000BC.

[@baliveisgood]

I'm from Taiwan, thank you very much for your careful arrangement.

[@elandII]

I am also from Taiwan in kaoshiung

[@rzhanina]

the lima gang haunts us even here 😳

[@beans8165]

this is lima gang's origin

[@EchoLog]

I always remember lima's meaning through English Lima - Limb > hand > five. I probably won't need this in a few months but for anyone else still learning and who forgets words like I do!

[@rikusoma4539]

In tongan, it's nima instead.

[@Wayfarerer808]

Much love from Tonga (Polynesian) to my fellow Austronesian cousins. In Tongan 5 is Nima and 7 is Fitu. I can definitely hear the relation of Formosan languages to the rest of the Austronesian languages in the numbers. Crazy how the numbers 5 and 7 are sooo close, if not identical in a lot of cases, across ALL Austronesia.

[@Kadukunahaluu]

Chamorro: Five: lima Seven: fiti

[@user-ce9kc9pm9g]

Tagalog people five: lima seven: pito

[@UrLocal_Earthling.]

Java five: lima seven: pitu

[@paiwanhan]

Thank you Andi for making this video. Due to the lack of resources online for Formosan languages, this video must have taken lots of research to complete.

[@zhasilo]

Pazeh-Kaxubu here! ❤ Our language actually has two main dialects, one is Pazeh and the other is Kaxabu. The most obvious difference between the two is that Pazeh has r (/ɾ/) sound and Kaxabu does not (or if even rarely), in Kaxabu it usually becomes a glottal stop or disappears. For example, "three" is [turu] in Pazeh and [tu'u] in Kaxabu. The verb "to take, to fetch, to marry" is [mara] in Pazeh and [maa] (long vowel without glottal stop) in Kaxabu.

[@hugocheng6243]

I really hope Taiwan government can make efforts to preserve Indigenous culture and language

[@eldeguello9154]

Taiwan's government is focused on the 2030 English Policy. It will replace the aboriginals languages with English.

[@ming7619]

Taiwanese aboriginal students learn their mother tongue at school

[@eldeguello9154]

@@ming7619 people learn their "mother tongue" from their mothers at home. Sadly, for most aboriginal children, their parents teach them Mandarin. The schools in Taiwan teach ancestral Formosan languages to aboriginal children whose parents do not teach them the Formosan languages at home. That's the difference between ancestral language and mother language.

[@Rayhanfirdausexe]

Saya sebagai bangsa Indonesia datang kesini ingin mendengarkan cara leluhur kami yang berasal dari Formosa (Taiwan) berhitung Salam Sejahtera bagi Bangsa Austronesia yang ada di Taiwan, dan jangan sampai bahasa leluhur kami ini punah ❤

[@Cupapet93]

Saya juga dari indonesia dan saya bangga menjadi bagian dari austronesia

[@uglybepis3571]

Fun fact: Yamo/Tao isn't actually a part of the Formosan branch of Austronesian, it is actually part of the Malayo-Polynesian branch, belonging to the Philippine subgroup of Malayo-Polynesian, it is a dialect/sibling of the Ivatan language spoken in the Northern part of the Philippines in the Batanes Islands.

[@sanniman123]

Origin of lima ❤

[@nikki-diary]

Love from Setjimur (山地門)!!! It is always sad for me to see the widespread dominance of Han culture and the slow extinction of our culture ;(

[@AsylumDaemon]

All of these voices are so cute 😭

[@Clover_FPS]

Very interesting videos. I didn't know there are many languages in Taiwan.

[@sebasarenas0803]

Me interesa mucho la historia y cultura de Taiwan. Muchas gracias por el vídeo ❤

[@DanielgtaLaw]

Love from the U.S. to Taiwanese Formosan languages

[@Gemi0613]

Taiwan is the origin of Austronesian peoples! 🏝️🤗✋🏽

[@ddizon666]

samoa some words the same

[@ouoliao9561]

Thanks from Taiwan ❤❤❤❤

[@goulven05]

Beautiful languages! :D

[@NoahNobody]

0:15 Second to last person just has a lampshade on their head.

[@user-rm1rv4nc2d]

Those are the Yami people

[@Altos_Entretenimentos0955]

Andy, what if you make a video about Esperantidos? (Conlangs that is based in Esperanto)

[@keptins]

Feels like a simulation

[@kalvon]

You can tell that Austronesian languages came from taiwan, the vast differences between them in just a single island is crazy. Some of them i dont even recognize.

[@utvpoop]

The Taiwanese whisky distillery called Kavalan produces the best single malt whisky in the world

[@Mozely374]

We are separated by vast sea yet we still an Austronesian. Love from Sabah ❤

[@risingflagtv409]

Aray! Olahen ko,Nga ay'ho Mapolong

[@dosenammar4580]

In your old video, there are terms of house have "family" meaning... Would you mind sharing their literature reference 🙏

[@kezsut-online]

WOW. So many

[@user-om4dy7ep2z]

Greeting from Taiwan

[@pedstuffperaren8248]

very similar to Filipino 2-dalawa, duha(visayan)3-tatlo, tulo(visayan)/4-apat/5-lima/6-anim, anum(visayan)/7-pito/8-walo/9-siyam/10-polu(visayan)

[@wangjerry1217]

❤️❤️❤️

[@bricksclicking9673]

Some of them are the grandfather of the lima gang?

[@mikimations]

Hey Andy, since you updated Amis and Tsou, I would really like you to update the rest (especially Saaroa) and then show them to me 0:11

[@danauianueng9364]

Nga ay ho ! Sound like. Nga moai ho ,which mean let do more in jarai language but we say hello is Kokuh ko ih ho !

[@moorez0007]

4, 5, 6- very common. Close to Malay , Malaysia.

[@afromolukker]

The southern most language Palawan then the Eastern coast sounded the most similar to modern Austronesian languages to me.

[@andrewwilliom2442]

Is the word for layar (sail) still the same ?

[@krisgil122]

😍😍😍

[@ariyahedie9457]

lima gang headquarter

[@simplethewaterbender6264]

1-10 in Javanese, 1 - Siji 2 - Lara/Loro 3 - Telu 4 - Papat 5 - Lima 6 - Enem 7 - Pitu 8 - Walu/Wolu 9 - Sanga/Songo 10 - Sepuloh/Sepuluh

[@Queen_Saga]

1-10 Bisaya/Cebuano🇵🇭 1- usa 2- duha 3- tulo 4- upat 5- lima 6- unom 7- pito 8- walo 9- siyam 10- Napulo/pulo

[@MAMAD76543]

Dayak kanayatn 1.asa 2.dua 3.talu 4.ampat 5.lima 6.anam 7.tujuh 8.lapan 9.sambilan 10.sapuluh 11.sabalas 12.dua balas Dst

[@chunsalasa1521]

the language of the Minahasa tribe (tombulu tribe), Manado North Sulawesi province, Indonesia 1 esa 2 zua 3 telu 4 epat 5 lima 6 enem 7 pitu 8 walu 9 siow 10 mapulu north = amian south = timu east = sendangan west = talikuzan house = wale father = ama mother = ina and others😀 In my opinion, the native languages ​​of tribes in Taiwan and the Philippines have many similarities with the languages ​​of tribes in Sulawesi, Indonesia, especially northern Sulawesi and Kalimantan (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei)...

[@bridexterity]

Paiwan sounds closest to Visayan/Cebuano dialect in the Philippines.

[@DonTornado]

Lima gang!

[@maximilianisaaclee2936]

This is so cool! Being a Malaysian, some of them really sounds like Malay, especially how number 5 are somewhere along the line of "lima". Interestingly the accents sound like when Chinese Malaysians speaking Malay. I hope Taiwan continues to preserve and protect these languages because they're truly beautiful.❤

[@MrAllmightyCornholioz]

BUDDHA BLESS THE ORIGINAL TAIWANESE!

[@beyurzelf]

No the native's Taiwan are animisme, its Han Chinese people which majority Buddhist

[@esseinfleanschez2422]

Buddha does not bless. He is not a God.

[@JosephOccenoBFH]

It's so obvious that the precursor of Tagalog among these Formosan Austronesian languages are Yami Tao and Paiwan. 😃

[@Saiyan4eva]

Seems like number 5) "Lima/Rima is universal in Austronesian & Polynesian languages very similar to counting to 10 in Māori... 1) Tahi 2) Rua 3) Toru 4) Wha 5) Rima 6) Ono 7) Whitu 8) Waru 9) Iwa 10) TeKau

[@danielzhang1916]

some sound close in Mandarin, 1) Yi, 2) Er, 7) Qi, 8) Ba, maybe due to language contact with Hokkien in Fujian, some of the numbers sound almost Japanese

[@ROFComps]

same as Sundanese language 1.hiji 2.dua 3.tilu 4.opat 5.lima the lima gang😂

[@maskur212]

Javanese : 1. Siji 2. Loro 3. Telu 4. Papat 5. Limo 6. Enem / Nenem 7. Pitu 8. Wolu 9. Songo 10. Sepuluh

[@User-xv2so]

What kulun language has extinct?

[@yosatip182]

In javanese : Siji Loro Telu Papat Limo Enem Pitu Wolu Songo Sepuluh

[@o0...957]

Please compare Bodo language with other Sino-tibetan languages.

[@raphaelthemessengeroffire5179]

I have personally researched on the archeological evidence in Taiwan for years, and I discovered there are three places during the "Kingdom of Dadu" in Taiwan central and western area that are actually related to the ancient civilization of Babylon post flood era based on the archeological evidence of pottery patterns and metallic remains that have been discoverered by local Taiwan scholars over the years, and they realized its resemblance in cultural similarity with the Mesopotamia river-basins of ancient Babylon. Including the snake symbols & tattoos and color patterns of the aboriginal tribal custumes in its designs were almost identical as those of ancient Babylon when the collapse of Tower of Babel post-flood took place. The ethnic group Batuan (pronounced like Dadu in Mandarin) may have immigrated to the Philippine Islands at the same time. The Huiwen ruins in Taichung City, Shisanhang in New Taipei City, and all the way to Sanxian Cave in Taitung have been excavated with the possible traces and remains of pottery and metal pieces from Dadu Kingdom gradually moving towards the South Pacific Islands. The historical footprint of the language were of the same origin for the Austronesian migrants across the South Pacific islands even as far as Indian Ocean. The Minor Ice Age eventually led to the rise of sea levels in the Age of Discovery with Portugal & Spain, it was the main reason why the people of the Dadu Kingdom gradually moved from the island of Taiwan to the Philippines due to the global climate changes. ONE important findings was a Bible translation to ancient Saisia tribal in Taiwan by the Dutch missionaries back in 1600s.

[@LLAMA84L.VILLANUEVA]

N' aihô, chî Andy gako. N' aihô kísô?

[@ilovelanguages0124]

Nga'ay ho! Ci Andy kako. Nga'ay ho kiso? 😘💖✨

[@LLAMA84L.VILLANUEVA]

This is other Taiwanese dialect

[@LLAMA84L.VILLANUEVA]

@@ilovelanguages0124 uô tsá' i ngâ uá

[@ilhambudi95]

Asa ngernan.

[@harakovic]

Zmagal

[@maskur212]

siji, loro, telu, papat, limo, enem, pitu, wolu, songo, sepuluh

[@Sabahan2]

1 iso 2 duo 3 Tolu 4 apat 5 limo 6 onom 7 turu 8 walu 9 siam 10 hopod One of local languages from Sabah.

[@trisatofung7421]

1 usa 2duha 3tulu 4upat 5lima 6unom 7pito 8walo 9siyam 10napulo it's my language in cebuano part of visaya languages

[@cottonbudlover3952]

Iso, duo, tolu,apat, limo, onom, turu,walu,siam,hopod

[@codenameeaglecooldown900]

I don't know why lima/rima is all the same despite all could be different

[@dalubwikaan161]

the Taiwanese government (exclude the Republic of China) should give more attention in Formosan languages.

[@derbdep]

They won't, because everyday Han Taiwanese are pretty racist. And the government officially views the Formosan indigenous peoples the same way that the Yamato Japanese view the Ainu or Ryukyans: With a strange mix of forced reverence and political correctness, intercommunity awkwardness, and real-life aversion. No attempts to give attention to the native Austronesian languages will be taken seriously by the government or the descendents of Han Chinese migrants in Taiwan. they built their society the way it is, with little to no consultation from the indigenous peoples, so they don't feel beholden to honouring them. they have less pressure to honour them than say the Anglo Kiwis towards the Māori or Aussies towards the Aboriginal Australians are bound by their Western values to ensure that they celebrate diversity in their societies, recognize that the land they are own was loaned to them by the native groups, and address past wrongs by rectifying them. the Taiwanese, just like the Japanese, are not bound by those same cultural dictates.

[@dalubwikaan161]

@@derbdep Oh, not the Anglo-Kiwis are racist. But yes, the Han Chinese maybe racist, and the Chinese government is communist and capitalist.

[@hugocheng6243]

Yes they should, however the whole education system teach people to ignore how precious indigenous culture is , as a Person live here I really hope I can learn this language in school

[@dalubwikaan161]

@@hugocheng6243 it is best that we (you and i) should attend language courses as we are interested anyway.

[@twizz2955]

@@dalubwikaan161 The taiwanese government should put aboriginal languages before english in priority

[@lasro631452]

Paiwan so close to Batak (Indonesia) 😂

[@MFF2525]

Pitu Gang

[@irhashshalihin3741]

Well, ‘pitu’ is not that universal amongst Austronesian. There are a large subgroup called Greater North Borneo which replaced the word ‘pitu’ to ‘tuzuq’ for 7. It includes Malayic, Chamic, Sundanese, and some languages in Borneo. Like in Malay, 7 is ‘tujuh’.

[@altheamantes2041]

9

[@JQ_08]

Long live Austronesia

[@User-kjxklyntrw]

Yami is Wa people

[@eldeguello9154]

Where did you find the statistic that 35% of Taiwan's aboriginal peoples still speak their ancestral language? The government does not publish these statistics.

[@oldbutbold]

As a malay, I can recognise 2 (dua), 4 (empat), 5 (lima), 6 (enam) and 10 (sepuluh). Crazy man.

[@citylidamj8898]

Amis numbers are just like the oceanic Austronesian’s 😮

[@enzo2.2]

/e pin

[@Hyperion-5744]

Róngyào guīyú táiwān. Glory to taiwan.

[@beyurzelf]

Indigenous Taiwan are Austronesian not Sino Tibetan, Han people Migrated from Fujian to Taiwan and built new states

[@twizz2955]

@@beyurzelf Taiwan people always think they are indigenous and not colonizers and it is annoying and odd

[@eburalik]

Taiwan belongs to the Republic of China中華民國 。these are Taiwan area indigenous peoples。16languages

[@user-nv3bl2kw7l]

Taiwan Formosan peoples ≠ China Han Chinese peoples

[@ryanwu1143]

No,Taiwan is Taiwan, it's different。

[@NoahNobody]

Today I learned that Taiwan has an indigenous population. So how can it really belong to China?

[@youtubedeletedmyaccountlma2263]

It never belongs, but China can conquer them as long as they have the military power to do it just like what they did to Xinjiang and tibet

[@brian0902]

To be fair they also control mongols, Uighurs, tibetans etc sooo where I’m wanting a Taiwan that is 100% free but if Taiwan becomes under the control of China again I wouldn’t be shocked

[@derbdep]

The native Austronesian population (who are related to us in the Philippines, and were our direct ancestor group) were overwhelmed by widespread Han Chinese migration and colonization from mainland China since the 17th century, who did to them what the Anglo Americans did to the Native American groups, or what the Aussies did to the Aborigines, or the Kiwis did to their Māori, or the Japanese did to the Ainu. From a majority they are now a small minority on their own native homeland, and the urheimat for all Austronesian people. Unlike the Anglo groups however, who have progressed culturally and socially from that time, the Han Chinese majority in Taiwan have widespread issues with racism (believing the Han are racially superior to all other groups for example) and discriminating their own indigenous non-Chinese peoples (i.e. these tribes) as well as other Austronesian peoples (Filipinos especially, but also Indonesians, Malays, Coastal Papuans, and Pacific Islanders who migrate to Taiwan for work. all of them are the descendants of the Formosan Aboriginal groups, so the Han discriminating against us is their extension of the discrimination they give their own Austronesian aboriginals). With the Taiwanese govt (nearly predominantly all Han Chinese Ethnicity, linked to the same political Kuomintang party that ruled Mainland China before Mao Zedong and the Communists took over there) the way it is, it will always be linked to whatever's happening on the Mainland.. same ethnic groups, same political parties etc.. However, I'd be all for the Indigenous Austronesian Formosan tribes to rid themselves of the Han Chinese political system and take over the country, installing each language as an official regional language, electing a national language (Not Chinese), and forcing the Han who live there to Formosanize themselves. That's the only way China wouldn't dare push its claim, and Taiwan would automatically gain legitimacy in the eyes of most countries. But ask the racist Han Chinese majority of Taiwan to accept this. It's easier to get blood from a stone.

[@brian0902]

@@derbdep but the problem is a good chunk of the indigenous population intermixed with the Han so really it’s hard to say who stays and who goes sense the newer the generation of indigenous the more we see have Han Chinese ancestry do to intermixing and then marrying into Han culture or even the simple fact some Han have raped indigenous women of the island so when you said I think they should rid themselves of the Han it’s harder to say who stays and who goes sense some families marry and by quote riding themselves of the Han they would also getting rid of family members

[@youtubedeletedmyaccountlma2263]

@@derbdep No you are delusional China will still try to attack even if Taiwan did what you said. They see taiwan as strategic geographical location not as cultural part of us. It will be even weaker if Indigenous austronesian get rid of current political system which is literally one of the best in asia. And indigenous population do not have enough manpower to do all the defending. Not to mention Taiwan already listed 9 of them as recognized languages and more will come. They have dictionaries and stuff and already have bunch of language preservation effort. It will be all gone if China invades

[@VanNguyen-kx6gx]

Taiwan is a island of indigenous people, now it’s independent nation, not of China. After 1949 Chinese intrusion to it and forcing all people speak and write Chinese. We support Taiwan is always independent nation. Their language prove their independent.

[@raegitano6345]

Austronesian languages in Chinese/Jap accent.