Azeotropes

[@qqn4531]

The series of videos about binary solutions that you propose is very underrated. I'm glad I've found these videos as there are very few chemistry videos about this particular chapter in my native language. Thanks very much

[@PhysicalChemistry]

I'm very glad you found them useful

[@barriehemming1189]

@@PhysicalChemistry i second that many thanks

[@abhinavgupta9638]

Im a 12th grader and literally loved the content sir....very relevant to IIT JEE exam which I'm preparing for. my teacher didn't explained us about the difference in distillation process of the 2 types of azesotropes... Huge respect and ❤️ from 🇮🇳IN

[@PhysicalChemistry]

Kudos to you for tackling this material in high school. Best of luck on your exam

[@dinometeourblast4223]

Fantastic video, I was on the edge of understanding azeotropes and the methodical steps you put out in this video just allowed me to fully grasp it. Thank you!

[@PhysicalChemistry]

I'm honored to have been the one to make it click. Sometimes you need to hear an idea from several perspectives before it makes sense.

[@SujalRajput10]

Sir you really have a gift of teaching such hard concepts, with ease. I hope you get more recognition. Your explanation was to concise and easy to follow. Just what i want.

[@PhysicalChemistry]

Thanks for your kind words!

[@sohamadak6811]

That was so well explained, I had a doubt in this topic for so long

[@purplepantedits8105]

The topic was really shallow in my text book, this help me a lot. Thank you.

[@PhysicalChemistry]

Happy to provide some additional depth!

[@jazmingarcia6566]

Excellent video. Couldn’t understand this for months and you explained it very clearly. Thanks:)

[@omchavan7350]

Thanks a Lot Sir your teaching is really good I was able to get all the concept and I think because of you now I might be able to Top Physical Chemistry Test.

[@PhysicalChemistry]

Thanks, I'm happy to hear it helped. Best of luck on your test

[@NachozMan]

I am now learning about Azeotrope because I accidentally made one mixing my super hot tap water with 91% ISO to clean some bong parts (the pure iso melts the plastic cup I use) and it started to boil and it scared me lol, I set it down and backed out of the room because normally boiling when mixing chemicals and you don't know why is a BAD sign haha. I love science

[@survivinginbim]

Wonderfully explained, I understand so much better. I have a question If a nitric acid and water mixture shows a negative deviation from Raoult's law, why is only 63% nitric acid obtained and not 100%?

[@PhysicalChemistry]

You're right that nitric acid and water have negative deviations (in pressure) from Raoult's Law, so they form a maximum-boiling azeotrope. If you boil a solution of nitric acid and water, the composition of the *vapor* will move toward greater purity in either water or nitric acid (depending on which side of the azeotrope it starts). But composition of the *liquid* left behind will move towards the azeotrope. Nitric acid is often purchased at the azeotropic concentration (68% HNO₃ by mass) because it is easy to obtain: if you boil a large volume of nitric acid / water for long enough, you'll always obtain the azeotrope in the remaining solution. It is available at other concentrations as well, though.

[@survivinginbim]

@@PhysicalChemistry Thank-you so much for replying, I loved the video!

[@vaibhav0429]

Thank you so much ❤ I was really confused of azeotropes before ... I am preparing for IIT-JEE 🇮🇳 12grade student

[@PhysicalChemistry]

You're welcome. Best of luck with your exam

[@vaibhav0429]

@@PhysicalChemistry thank you 🙏

[@OgeOliver]

I finally understand what this Azeotropes are about.

[@PhysicalChemistry]

Congratulations!

[@tranhoangthanhtruc1318]

thank you so much for your clear explanation! I really appreciate your lesson!

[@PhysicalChemistry]

Thanks, I'm so glad you found it useful

[@Waffen_SS-q7c]

Can you relate the temperature-composition diagram to the actual distillation column in the oil refinery industry. The separation of gasoline from crude oil and the temperature on the top of the distillation column is cooler than the bottom. Thanks. 😊

[@oleksiyi.5046]

Good refresher, thank you for contributing!

[@PhysicalChemistry]

You're welcome!

[@ngjackson8725]

Thank you for the short yet illuminating lecture on azeotropes. Could I just ask why would there be a preference between min./max. boiling azeotrope for separation? Wouldn't the high purity product just come from the distillate for max. boiling azeotropes and bottoms for min. boiling azeotropes?

[@PhysicalChemistry]

Yes, that's right. The inconvenience is in the fact that only one of the two components can't be obtained in high purity because distillation drives the other one towards the azeotrope.

[@jvera2001]

@@PhysicalChemistry hello, in my physical chemistry class i was also taught the same thing, that in case of a mixture of components that constitute a positive azeotrope, which concentration is different than the azeotrope, you can eventually get the less volatile component in the bottoms, however i do not understand how. As the name azeotrope implies the components are not separable by boiling and this does not make sense to me. Could you please further explain?

[@ronantheunissen8233]

Is he writing all of this backwards??

[@PhysicalChemistry]

I'm not nearly skilled enough to do that! The image gets digitally reversed.

[@shreyapandey424]

Haha!

[@andrewjustin256]

Wow Mr Stewart!!

[@mehulkhanna2683]

​@@PhysicalChemistryIt always amazed me how does it work?? What is it called?

[@jvera2001]

hello i have a question. so if there was a way (im pretty sure there is) of carrying out distillation in constant temperature and by changing the pressure, could we get the clean components of a positive (min boiling point) azeotrope?

[@gym_analysis]

I'm sorry this may sound like a duumb question, But if you had a 50% of A (and 50% of B) and they exhibited maximum boiling point azeotrope phase diagram (like the picture on the lower left side on 5:23), is it possible to obtain pure B (0% A)? When you eventually able to obtain the pure A, would pure B left in the original distillation flask? Or the remaining mixture would simply reach azeotropic concentration hence you can't obtain pure B?

[@PhysicalChemistry]

No, you can't get pure B by distillation in that scenario. Suppose you boil the solution, discarding the distillate and keeping only the liquid that remains behind. As the more volatile A is boiled off preferentially, the solution will gradually become more concentrated in B. That is, the composition will move left on the lower-left diagram that you refer to. The boiling point will increase as this happens, as shown by the diagram. The composition will approach the azeotrope as this continues. But once it reaches the azeotrope, the composition of the vapor that boils off is the SAME as the composition of the liquid. So further boiling doesn't enrich the solution any further.

[@gym_analysis]

@@PhysicalChemistry Oh my god thank you for the answer it clears up the problem for me 😁🙇‍♀️

[@ramansinghthakur7085]

Thank you Sir for making this easier!

[@PhysicalChemistry]

My pleasure!

[@ahmedabdinur8868]

This helped me really. Thank you very much.

[@PhysicalChemistry]

I'm very glad to have been helpful to you

[@abidurrahman531]

Thank you very much. This was very helpful

[@PhysicalChemistry]

Happy to help

[@izyhew1081]

Thankss for the explaination sir ! Sir i have one question ,how to determine the first drop of vapour and the last drop of liquid for minimum azeotrope graph?

[@PhysicalChemistry]

You're probably asking about how to determine the **composition** of first bubble of vapor formed when a solution is boiled, or the first drop of liquid formed when a gaseous mixture condenses. This is done the same way for an azeotrope graph as it is for any pressure- or temperature-composition phase diagram: find where the bubble point or dew point lines occur at your system's composition, then use a tie line to determine the composition of the liquid and vapor phases. See the earlier videos on pressure-composition phase diagrams (kzbin.info/www/bejne/h2bbamyJhNx_h8U) or temperature-composition phase diagrams (kzbin.info/www/bejne/oobLZnWpiKtojas) for a more detailed example.

[@izyhew1081]

Thank youuu sirr fr the explaination .appreciate it!

[@ivariap5414]

Excellent video!

[@neetchemistry5387]

Is it correct statement... Maximum boiling point azeotropes; components of solution can be separated other than maximum boiling temperature.. But components of minimum boiling temperature can not be separated at any composition by distillation method...?

[@PhysicalChemistry]

Correct! (Although it's mixtures with the maximum-boiling *composition*, not temperature, that I think you meant.) For a mixture that forms a min-boiling azeotrope, distillation will move the distillate closer to the azeotropic composition, rather than closer to pure components.

[@neetchemistry5387]

@@PhysicalChemistry thanks..

[@neetchemistry5387]

@@PhysicalChemistry sir today is TEACHER'S DAY in INDIA , you are a great teacher and I wish you very very HAPPY TEACHER'S DAY....🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@PhysicalChemistry]

@@neetchemistry5387 Thanks, that's very nice of you. Same to you, as well!

[@alidortbudak3977]

Thank you Sir :)

[@PhysicalChemistry]

You're quite welcome

[@MANOJKUMAR-lh4og]

wow very nice explanation. thanku so much sir

[@PhysicalChemistry]

My pleasure

[@dhruvdengada4615]

OPOP chaamka sir :)

[@ishaan9017]

Awesome content 👌

[@PhysicalChemistry]

Thank you!

[@octavian7637]

well explained, Thanks

[@aaravjayalwal3416]

very helpful, thank you sir

[@AmrutanshuDash-m1g]

Thank you so much sir !

[@HydraWerewolf]

you also studying this rn lol, same

[@AmrutanshuDash-m1g]

@@HydraWerewolf haha

[@HD-gl5bv]

Thank you :)

[@PhysicalChemistry]

You're welcome

[@raoalihassan4211]

Can you deliver lecture in Urdu language or hindi,. Because mostly Pakistani and Indian Student use KZbin one day before Exams 😂, Otherwise you deliver Good lecture.👍

[@PhysicalChemistry]

माफ़ करना, your English is far better than my Hindi. My lectures would not be good if I tried to deliver them in Urdu or Hindi

[@elnazsedaghat5959]

that was great thanks

[@PhysicalChemistry]

You're welcome

[@HydraWerewolf]

thank you

[@tejitoko9645]

legend!!!!!

[@tejasdhanda4143]

Notes

[@tejasdhanda4143]

4:54 (to end of vid) my weakest stuff being explained

[@scnyoganand9861]

I have a doubt