Baltic Languages (+Proto-Slavic) | Word Comparison

[@ramawa]

We Baltic Prussians have our own flag, and it is not the flag of the German colonizers and Hohenzollern family.

[@superbrainil]

Unfortunately the modern flag of the Baltic Prussians isn't very recognizable, so I have to use the old German Prussian flag.

[@EVO6-]

​@@superbrainil fella you made a video about balto-slavic reflex cognates, you do not need to worry about appealing to a general audience.

[@angobando]

@@EVO6- yeah, why not using nazi flag then, completes the logic

[@efectovogel8295]

@@angobandowhat? You make no sense

[@angobando]

@@efectovogel8295 I bet you're german

[@evfnyemisx2121]

Proto-Balto-Slavic: Here is the word for the number nine, it starts with an *n* Old Prussian: ok The others: I said we *D* today

[@daDinoCat]

yup, devet / devyat's is the name for nine in slavic languages, but old prussian is neuwn or smth

[@Biszkopcikpodlaski]

Because its not the original prussian word. The n word was added by germans

[@evfnyemisx2121]

@@Biszkopcikpodlaski the /d/ sound in the East Baltic and Slavic forms replaced the /n/ by analogy with the word for "ten" (desimt), so while Germanic influence could explain Prussian preserving /n/, /n/ is absolutely the original sound, as evidenced by all other branches of Indo-European having /n/ in that position

[@Biszkopcikpodlaski]

@@evfnyemisx2121 yada yada yada were talking here about baltoslavic languages, which consequently dont use /n/ in nine "Absolutely surely the original sound cause there are other indoeuropean languages which confirm it 100%" hahahah

[@IvanVenturini-l7o]

@@Biszkopcikpodlaski What you said literally made no sense at all

[@SergyJoe]

I heard that "glaz" as eye is pretty late word that appeared in old russian language.

[@TheStraightEdger]

Inherited from Old East Slavic глазъ (glazŭ, “ball, eye”), from Proto-Slavic *glazъ (“ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *g(ʰ)el- (“round, spherical, stone”).

[@edgarkuska7653]

@@TheStraightEdger Maybe so: g(ʰ)el - glyadet'(watch around) - glaz(eye). First "glyadet' ", then from it "glaz" came.

[@ahemenidov1900]

Compare Persian: huš-GEL "good-LOOKing"

[@ahemenidov1900]

​@@edgarkuska7653Yes, potentially Belarusian-style glĭadĭeti > gladzĭetsĭ > glazĭetĭ

[@yozhleszy]

@@edgarkuska7653 нет. глаз -- гладкий камень. скала -- колотый камень.

[@edwardsaulnier892]

Interesting to is how we can observe Lithuanian 'sunus' for 'son' has cognates in the Slavic, Germanic, and Indo-Iranian languages. This root, however', became taboo in other Indo-European languages such as Latin as one example. In Latin it came down from the Proto-Indo-European root *dhelios / *dhelyos meaning the one who 'suckles or is being nursed' The Proto-Itaiic form was "felios, and eventually as in Latin 'filius'. Notice the Latvian word for son 'dels' fits in here as a cognate to the Latin form.

[@janisansbergs2441]

I suppose Latvians changed their word from "sunus" into "dels", because they invented name for dogs "suns" and decided that it would be not appropriate to keep so similar word in use for their sons.

[@ahemenidov1900]

In Russian plural (i.e. sons) is synovĭĭā, which means the original stem was synŏvĭ < sownowĭo = Vedic-alike saunava (compare Kuru/Kaurava, sunu/saunava).

[@contrarian8870]

The black eagle/white flag represents the later, German-speaking Prussia (derived from the earlier black-on-white cross flag). it has nothing to do with the Old Prussian you discuss here, even though some Germanized Old Prussians did merge into the later (13-20 cent) German-speaking state of Prussia

[@superbrainil]

Thank you. Unfortunately, there was no Prussian flag before the Germanisation of the region and the disappearance of the Old Prussian language, so I had to use the later (and also more recognizable) flag

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Despite geographical proximity, Latvian and Lithuanian are very different from each other. Probably even Russian and Bulgarian are more closer to each other in terms of linguistic and mutual intelligibility.

[@АндрейСаенко-ч1и]

Actualy russian and bulgarian are languages brothers, because modern russian was created in 18 century , and has origin from old bulgarian language

[@anuarm5f90]

​@@АндрейСаенко-ч1и Russian was made in 18 th century🤓🤓🤓

[@TheTytan007]

​@@АндрейСаенко-ч1и Russian was heavily influenced by church Slavonic, but it is an Eastern Slavonic language through and through

[@amann9963]

@@АндрейСаенко-ч1и Ukrainians not to try to project onto Russians challenge (impossible) (They still angry that their language is a Russian-Polish dialect)

[@Mordvin-g6j]

​@@АндрейСаенко-ч1и не русский язык, а церковнославянский язык тысячу лет назад был практически копией древнеболгарского. Помимо церковнославянского языка был на Руси ещё друвнерусский язык, который перенял много слов от церковнославянского. Из-за этого русский и болгарский (который тоже далеко не копия деревнеболгарского) языки похожи

[@martso9288]

medu-edis and irštwa in lithuanian can be translated as medų valgantis, medvalgys, medų ėdantis, so medu-edis makes perfect sense in the case of bear (animal) if one would refer to one as such, and irštwa, in lithuanian is basically the same - irštva, meaning hive, lair, burrow, or any wild animals residence.

[@ahemenidov1900]

In Hindi this word is madhu-vad(ak), where 2nd stem is from vadati "to tell" (Slavic vĭedsti/vĭedati as in is-po-vĭedsti, o-po-vĭedsti (Russian povĭestĭ "a story" < is-povĭedstiĭe; Ukrainian o-po-vidatı, roz-po-vidatı "to be telling"). So Slavic mĭedvĭedĭ(o) is actually "honey-teller" or more precisely "honey-pointer" (he points / u-kazyvaĭet, compare: raz-s-kazati "to tell" = raz-po-vĭedsti; also compare u-vĭedomiti "to make notified (i.e. directed, pointed)").

[@martso9288]

interesting, ty for telling me.

[@CroatiaMustBetrayIsfake]

Can you do numbers in Uralic

[@janisansbergs2441]

If you would add also sanskrit, you would see that there are more similarities between baltic language and sanscrit than between baltic languages and Russian or old Russian. Therefore I'm not sure there was a language like proto-balto-slavic. I do not think even all tribes within borders of nowaday's Latvia spoke dialects of one protolatvian language. From very different words with the same meaning still used by Latvians in latvian language in various regions I suppose that even in 10th or 12th century there were different languages and not dialects in different parts of Livonia, Couronia, Selia and other regions...

[@aboba5995]

Proto-Slavic also had Latvian-like forms *e/*ezъ < *e/*egъ

[@mariodezert]

So let me get this straight: Balto-slavic means that like Russian and Lithuanian share a commom ancestor? As lithuanian or russian speaker do you sense any similarities at all depending on the word?

[@luana.desousa6398]

Yes balto-slavic was one of the first cultures that came in with the spread of proto indo europeans, later they divided into proto baltic and proto slavic. The balts which spread to the areas around east prussia, lithuania and belarus were quite the closest thing to the original proto indo europeans. The balts that stayed in the modern day Ukrayne were later mixed with the Scythians a proto iranian people that separated from the proto indo europeans before going to the south east, they (Scythians) later returned north west and mixed with the balts that stayed in the Ukraynian basin and became the slavs, when they did that some balts went to the north to settle the areas I spoke of previously, some others went to the west as the proto celts and proto germanics.

[@Afrologist]

PIE is a Sprachbund that modern linguists are convinced were a single cohesive language despite plenty of words & aspects of the respective languages that poke holes in the hypothesis (from Germanic substrate vocabulary/phonology to retroflexes in Indian languages). Balto-Slavic is one branch associated with Bronze Age cultures, the others being Italo-Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Illyrian, Anatolian, & Indo-Iranian (among several others like Armenian which are in special grey areas)

[@GossipGirl770]

5:07 is incorrect. In Lithuanian it’s motina (mother) or mama (mom)

[@martso9288]

Motė, močia, močiutė yra teisingos formos, ne taip plačiai vartotinos šiais laikais, bet teisingos.

[@Bdrbs]

Just because you dont use it and dont know the meaning it doesnt mean its wrong because it isnt.

[@alinasamuchove9237]

​@@martso9288tiesa, bet jos neverciamos kaip "mother".

[@martso9288]

@@alinasamuchove9237 O kaip tuomet būtų verčiamos, man labai įdomu (ne sarkastiškai).

[@LinasR]

In Lithuanian word "mother" is usually translated as "motina" instead as was shown in the last example as "motė" (already extinct version). But word "stepmother" in Lithuanian is translated as "pamotė".

[@tribaounidadedonstania]

2:10 “sáule” and “saūle” for the word sun is somewhat similar to irish “solas” for light!

[@bozydarboski9407]

Isn't "solus" sun in latin?

[@imacup.2667]

you both just discoverrd the fact that IE languages exist😊

[@bozydarboski9407]

@@imacup.2667 ? No need to be rude out of the blue. I just didn't expect such obvious connection among languages from three completely different branches.

[@imacup.2667]

@@bozydarboski9407 how is that rude bro? Are you american or something? Sorry for my assumptions, but i feel like you are either from a pretty soft culture, or just incredibly insecure

[@imacup.2667]

@@bozydarboski9407 oh, jestes z polski... mam teraz więcej pytań..

[@giedrestankeviciene34]

The first syllable is stressed in the Lithuanian word 'saulė' (sun). 'SauLĖ' is incorrect.

[@superbrainil]

The dot above the e is not used to denote stress, but rather to differentiate it from the regular e, as they make different vowel sounds.

[@giedrestankeviciene34]

@@superbrainil As a Lithuanian I know that 😀 but there are two versions of 'saulė' provided, the second of which is incorrect. The stress mark 'riestinis' in Lith. is wrong. The stress mark 'dešininis' is the only correct version of the word 'saulė'.

[@superbrainil]

@@giedrestankeviciene34 Well, it was listed as different variant - so maybe its just a dialectal or archaic version that doesn't use regular Lithuanian spelling conventions.

[@giedrestankeviciene34]

@@superbrainil No, it's definitely not dialectal. It might be archaic though I wouldn't bet on it 😀. BTW, I wasn't referring to spelling as spelling is the same in both the variants provided here.

[@superbrainil]

@@giedrestankeviciene34 What were you referring to then?

[@Crediu]

2:10 it is not saūle in latvian its just saule

[@SimonasSapola]

Tas ir uzrakstīts tā, ka cilvēki zinātu kā izrunāt vārdu.

[@UtamagUta]

Since You include synonyms in the video, "dukra" for daughter is used much more commonly than "duktė". Then again, i have never ever heard or read anyone using "motė" form,- Mama / motina / močia, heck I would even take German "mutė"

[@PolishSound]

Erratum: Daughter in proto slavic is similar to doshtera, dochtera. Thank you for you important job! :)

[@contrarian8870]

Correct: dohtera -> dotsera -> tsera etc etc

[@ahemenidov1900]

Old Church Slavonic is not Proto-Slavic. It already has Bulgarian branch corruptions: ć (tś) > št, đ (dź) > žd. So OCS dъštĭ (Gen. dъšteri) = non-corrupted Slavic dъćĭ (dъćeri) < Proto-Slavic dwktĭ(a) (dwktĭori) - compare this to Serbian kći, kćer "a daughter".

[@ahemenidov1900]

Also compare dwktĭa (Gen. dwktĭori) to Iranic duxt, duxtar. Precise match taking into account typical Iranic k>x transition (as in Avestan naxtia = Slavic noktĭa > noća~noć "night")

[@PolishSound]

@@ahemenidov1900 doktera dośtera- (dos)cera (ts- st -c or t-c ) , dośt(er)a, doć(er)ka. Do you know linguistic?

[@ahemenidov1900]

@@PolishSound This works not so as you think. First, št exists only in OCS/Bulgarian branch! For example, Polish wracam, Serbian vraćam, Russian voročaĭu(sĭa) = Bulgarian vraštam. You see: c/ć/č matches to Bulg. št. Absolutely the same for noc/noć/noč = nošt, or dcera/kćer/dočerĭ = dъšter. No difference! Second, tĭo/tĭa/tĭu > ćo/ća/ću: this exists not only in Slavic but also in Lithuanian. For example, Russian krutitĭ > kruču, (za)kručenyĭ, Polish (za)kręcony. Lithuanian matyti > mačiau. Or voiced pair: roditi > Serbian rođenje [rodženĭe], Ukrainian narodžennĭa, Polish narodzenie. So you see, in our case: dwktĭa > dwkća, noktĭa > nokća. And third, in Slavic combinations like kć/gć are always being reduced to ć. For example, mogti (Ukrainian mogtı) > moć (Serbian moći, Russian močĭ), tekti (Ukrainian tektı) > teć (Serbian teći, Russian tĭečĭ). In our case: dwkća, nokća > dwća, noća.

[@sahargubel2396]

All the proro-slavic words here are the very same as in Russian.

[@notme-mx9ye]

потому что русский это сборная солянка из церковнославянского, балтийских, местных славянских наречий и прочих языков что были на территории Руси и России. Именно поэтому именно у русского языка и литовского из-за торговых связей с кривичами ооооочень много однокоренных слов, которые в отличие от других славянских языков оставили изначальный смысл. И лингвисты сейчас изучают: русский язык брал некоторые славянские корни? или они пришли из балтийских языков? А может изначально были в русском? как говорится: что было раньше? курица или яйцо? Око или глаз?

[@milana0710]

Proto-slavic sounds more like slavic

[@Name-t9fbd]

Star: zvaigzda, swaigsta, swastika.

[@fidenemini111]

Possible.

[@ankhkeymaker]

that symbol represents milky way galaxy, close enough

[@ji3535]

you forgot the real and live and oldest samogotian language, course lithuanian are made from samogotian language.

[@alinasamuchove9237]

Lietuviu kalbos gramatika dabartine yra sukurta suvalkieciu tarmes pagrindu, nes is ten kiles buvo Javlonskis. Aisku, jie derino visus variantus pagal bendra visuma

[@druginys]

Dar vienas svaigulys. Žemaičių dialektas istoriniais mastais yra šviežutėlis. Mindaugo laikais to dialekto, kurį tokie "moksliukai" kaip tu vadina " žemaičių kalba" nebuvo. Kuršiai dar nebuvo asimiliuoti. T.y. šiam žemaičių dialektui ne daugiau nei 500 metų. Lietuvių kalba šiuolaikinė - vakarų aukštaičių pietinių šnektų pagrindu susiformavo

[@benandolga]

Proto Balto Slavic idea was made probably to justify some occupied territories! For instance Poland occupied Prussia and all sources avoid talking about but both countries were originated in almost the same time while Prussia became Protestant country and Poland is always Catholic which creates forever tension. The same idea was used to justify when Russia wanted always to devour Ukraine using reform in 1928 to make language almost similar!

[@BurnBird1]

Nope, it's just based on the linguistic evidence. Among the Indo-European languages, there are certain traits that tie the Slavic and Baltic branches closer to each other than any of the other branches. It's therefore probable they shared a common ancestor a bit more recently than the split of Indo-European as a whole.

[@snowvoredude]

кек

[@SauTunSud2025]

No IE excuse for Luna You got that from Romanian. Luna has to be in German,Celtic and other IE languages too.

[@TheTytan007]

Luna is also a slavic word. It was present in the old Church Slavonic which is one of the purest slavic languages

[@SauTunSud2025]

@@TheTytan007 Ha,ha. The Romance languages borrowed it from slavs 😂😂😂 OCS and "protoslavic" is a joke Luna is only in Bulgarian and Russian and all the other slavs use , mjsiec' even the Slovenians who sit next door to Italy. You got Luna and tons of other words from vlachs you assimilated. Here anither lie. What kind of protoslavic "platiti'"( pay) is? Platiti' is how Romanians say at plural Voi platiti' i'/ you pay or Tu ai platit/ you payed Can't name tis proto when in fact you got the word , plata' from Romanians , a word that means silver and money in Spanish slang just like ARGENT in French and is a word inherited during Roman empire. Why plata? In the past silver was flattened ( plat=flat) into coins and that's how the word came to be. You fabricated a ridiculously etymology that your plata ( payment) derives from..... textiles 😂 due to original payment of this kind in the past Very embarrassing.

[@ash3s_]

​@@TheTytan007Definitely not "one of the purest", it has a ton of Greek borrowings + ofc all the borrowings from the Proto-Slavic age. (not arguing with "luna" being a Slavic word)

[@vampir1451]

lauksna > luxna > luna (au > u, ks > x > none)

[@edwardsaulnier892]

In Slavic 'luna' simply developed in a parallel manner as it did in Italic (= Latin). Both stemmed from an earlier form *lauxna or *lauksna and coincidentally developed the same way in Slavic as well as Latin. The Slavic form may have been influenced by Latin, but the Slavic form is not a direct borrowing. Both stem from Proto-Indo-European "leuxnos, *leuxna, a derivative of the stem *leuk- 'to shine: shiny white'. I don't know how the conclusion was made that it came from Romanian. A word of advice: please do a little more research before making such conclusions.

[@ahemenidov1900]

I don't like pseudo-Lithuanian style of proto-Balto-Slavic stems proposed. It's obvious that duktė < dwktia, and then dwktia > dwkća ~ dwkć(ĭ) > {Serbian/Slovenian kći; Ukrainian dočká; Russian dočĭ). The same: naktis < naktia (Avestan naxtia) > nokća~nokć(ĭ) > Russian nočĭ. Mĭesĭenc < mĭosĭontĭo (Vedic masa): menesi(s) is typical Baltic shift: meSEN(t)i(s) > meNESis. Swlwnĭćo < sw(o)lw(o)ntĭo (Vedic-alike: Svarvant(ya)): saulė is the same shift: swal(nt)ia > saulia. Etc.