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Shear force and bending moment diagrams are essential tools in structural engineering, used to understand how internal forces are distributed along a beam when external loads are applied.
Shear Force Diagram (SFD): This diagram shows how the internal shear force varies along the length of the beam. I force at any point in the beam is the sum of all vertical forces acting on one side of that point. The shear force can change abruptly if there's a point load, resulting in a jump in the SFD. However, under distributed loads, the shear force changes gradually.
Bending Moment Diagram (BMD): The bending moment at a point within a beam is the sum of the moments (rotational forces) applied to one side of that point. The bending moment diagram helps visualize how these moments vary along the beam. Typically, the bending moment increases linearly under a constant shear force and forms parabolic curves under distributed loads. Maximum moments occur where shear forces equal zero, indicating critical points for beam design.
Both diagrams are crucial for designing safe and efficient structures, as they indicate areas that may require reinforcement or attention during construction.
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